Articles tagged with Randomization
A study published in the Journal of Nursing Administration found that Transcendental Meditation significantly reduced PTSD, anxiety, and burnout in frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The technique improved flourishing by 15% and decreased symptoms by more than half over a 3-month period.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggests that taking cocoa extract supplements containing 500 mg of flavanols daily may improve cognitive function in older adults with lower habitual diet quality. In contrast, participants with healthy dietary patterns showed no cognitive benefits.
A randomized clinical trial found that Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) plus usual care significantly decreased drug use, pain, and depression in individuals with opioid use disorder and chronic pain. Participants who received MORE also showed increased methadone treatment retention and adherence.
Researchers aim to determine optimal duration and intensity of behavioral interventions for childhood obesity among rural and minority children. The five-year study, funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, will enroll 900 parent-child pairs and compare different 'dosing' combinations of face-to-face intervention time.
A randomized clinical trial found that excluding aspirin from the antithrombotic regimen in LVAD patients improved adverse event rates by a significant reduction in non-surgical bleeding. The study results suggest that an aspirin-free regimen is safe and may improve longevity, morbidity, and quality of life for these patients.
A randomized clinical trial of 31,000 individuals found that direct-mail human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling increased cervical cancer screening by more than 14%. The study suggests that systems implementing HPV self-sampling should prioritize direct-mail outreach for under-screened individuals to increase screening adherence.
Researchers found that acoustic stimulation improved postconcussive symptoms in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury, although the benefits were largely sustained. The study's results suggest that listening to acoustic stimulation based on brain electrical activity may not improve symptoms more than randomly generated sound sti...
A systematic review of 13 randomized clinical trials found that app-based interventions are effective in treating moderate to severe depression. The study's findings support the use of mobile apps as a practical tool for clinical practice.
A comprehensive meta-analysis led by Dr. Micheal Sandbank reveals that many low-quality studies are driving intervention recommendations and patient outcomes in early childhood autism care. The study highlights the need for more rigorous research to understand the positive and negative effects of various interventions.
A randomized clinical trial of 1,175 participants found that treatment with higher-dose fluvoxamine did not improve time to sustained recovery in outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19. The study compared fluvoxamine 100 mg twice daily for 13 days to placebo.
A randomized clinical trial of 2,858 patients with new-onset and worsening chronic heart failure shows that torsemide and furosemide have no significant difference in clinical or patient-reported outcomes at 12 months. Torsemide is associated with better outcomes for patients with de novo heart failure.
A randomized controlled trial suggests that a more liberal approach to red blood cell transfusions for heart attack patients with anemia may benefit outcomes without significant risk. The study found no statistically significant difference between two transfusion strategies, but results suggest a possible benefit of liberal transfusions.
Patients with heart failure treated with dapagliflozin experienced frequent initial estimated glomerular filtration rate declines, but without increased cardiovascular or kidney event risks. The study suggests that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors can be safely continued in patients experiencing eGFR decline.
A single dose of zilebesiran safely and effectively lowered systolic blood pressure in people with mild-to-moderate high blood pressure for up to six months. The study found significant reductions in daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressure, as well as low rates of adverse events.
A randomized clinical trial found that self-monitoring and physician-guided titration of antihypertensive medications reduced postpartum blood pressure compared to usual care. The study involved 220 participants in the UK and showed promising results for long-term blood pressure control.
A randomized clinical trial found that avoiding aspirin as part of an antithrombotic regimen reduces bleeding events without increasing thromboembolism risk in patients with advanced heart failure treated with left ventricular assist devices. The study suggests that aspirin avoidance may be a viable option for these patients.
A natural language processing model was validated to identify heart failure hospitalizations in a multicenter clinical trial, demonstrating its potential to improve the efficiency of future trials. The study suggests that natural language processing can be used at scale to identify clinical events, but further research is needed.
Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body survive for longer if treated with pyrotinib. The new drug targets proteins involved in HER2-positive breast cancer and shows a 22% reduction in risk of death compared to lapatinib.
A recent study in JAMA Cardiology analyzed data from 15,000 patients and found that enteric coating on aspirin does not change its effectiveness or safety for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. The study suggests that patients can choose the aspirin formulation that suits them best.
A novel multicomponent intervention aimed at improving patient access to kidney transplants did not significantly increase the rate of completed steps in a randomized clinical trial involving 20,375 patients. The study highlights the need for sustained efforts to address barriers to transplantation globally.
A randomized clinical trial of 524 trauma patients found that adding sigh breaths to mechanical ventilation did not increase ventilator-free days. However, prespecified secondary data suggest that sighs are well-tolerated and may improve clinical outcomes in this patient population.
Researchers found no significant improvement in primary composite outcomes, including organ support-free days and hospital survival, among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who received intravenous vitamin C. The study suggests that vitamin C treatment may not be effective in improving patient outcomes for this population.
A randomized clinical trial involving 126 patients found that landiolol did not prevent organ failure in those with established septic shock. The study concluded that this beta-blocker is not a suitable treatment option for managing tachycardia in these patients.
Tongxinluo significantly improved 30-day and 1-year clinical outcomes in STEMI patients, according to a randomized clinical trial. Further research is needed to understand its mechanism of action.
A phase III pivotal trial evaluating cabozantinib in advanced neuroendocrine tumors demonstrated significant improvements in median progression-free survival (PFS) compared to placebo. The study met its primary objective for both cohorts of patients, providing encouraging news for those with progressive disease.
A randomized clinical trial found that high-frequency electrical stimulation device reduced opioid use and prescribed opioids after cesarean delivery, suggesting a potential adjunct to decrease opioid use without compromising pain control.
A randomized clinical trial found that cefepime increased neurological dysfunction in adults hospitalized with acute infection, while piperacillin-tazobactam did not. The study involved 2,511 participants and suggested that cefepime may be associated with adverse outcomes.
Researchers conducted a randomized trial in Canadian ICUs, finding that switching to small-volume blood collection tubes lowered red blood cell transfusion rates. The study suggests this change may improve patient outcomes and reduce the need for transfusions.
A Phase IIIb study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that esketamine nasal spray achieved higher remission rates (27.1%) compared to quetiapine extended-release (17.6%) in patients with treatment-resistant depression, indicating its potential as a targeted therapy for this population.
A recent human study found that grape consumption improved key markers of eye health in older adults, including increased Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) and reduced AGEs. Regular grape intake was also shown to increase plasma antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content.
A post hoc analysis of 10,678 participants with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease found no significant difference in heart attack, stroke, or death risk between enteric-coated and uncoated aspirin. Enteric-coated aspirin may offer reduced bleeding risk, but more research is needed to confirm its benefits.
In a randomized clinical trial, weekly tirzepatide showed greater reductions in HbA1c levels and body weight compared to prandial insulin as an additional treatment in people with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. The study also found less hypoglycemia with tirzepatide.
A randomized clinical trial found that early metformin treatment did not improve insulin initiation or fasting glucose levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Further investigation into larger trials is warranted based on prespecified secondary outcome data.
Men with metastatic prostate cancer in Sweden experienced an average survival rate increase of six months after dual treatment was introduced from 2016 onwards. This improvement coincides with the gradual rollout of 'dual treatment', combining standard hormone therapy and chemotherapy or androgen receptor blockers.
A phase III trial suggests that fewer and higher doses of radiation therapy delivered over five sessions are as effective as lower doses delivered over several weeks for patients with locally advanced disease. The treatment achieved a 96% five-year disease control rate, comparable to 95% for conventional radiation.
A Michigan Medicine-led report found that adding a mobile health application to wearable devices did not significantly improve physical activity levels in patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation. However, some short-term outcomes showed an increase in walking distance over six minutes for Fitbit users.
A randomized clinical trial shows cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) reduces fibromyalgia pain and improves daily living. CBT alters brain connectivity to reduce catastrophizing, a key contributor to fibromyalgia symptoms.
A study of nearly 500,000 participants found that smoking shortens telomere length in white blood cells, a indicator of aging and cell regeneration. The more cigarettes smoked, the stronger the shortening effect, suggesting a link between smoking and accelerated aging.
A dose-response meta-analysis of nine randomized trials found gefapixant to improve cough frequency, severity, and quality of life. However, it also led to increased taste-related adverse events compared to placebo.
In a randomized clinical trial, lorundrostat effectively lowered blood pressure in individuals with uncontrolled hypertension compared to placebo. The study included 200 participants and will require further confirmation.
A randomized clinical trial found immediate testosterone therapy significantly reduced gender dysphoria, depression, and suicidality in transgender and gender-diverse individuals. The study included 64 participants and compared immediate testosterone therapy to no treatment.
A randomized clinical trial of psilocybin treatment found a clinically significant sustained reduction in depressive symptoms and functional disability. The study's findings support the potential of psilocybin as a novel intervention for major depressive disorder when administered with psychological support.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 clinical trials involving 2.1 million individuals found no significant lifetime gain from common cancer screening tests. However, colorectal cancer screening with sigmoidoscopy may have a potential benefit, according to the study.
A randomized clinical trial found that a preoperative augmented reality walkthrough decreased preoperative anxiety compared to traditional education and handouts. However, there was no significant impact on postoperative anxiety, pain levels, or narcotic use in patients undergoing surgery.
A network meta-analysis found that breathing training combined with aerobic exercise, and yoga training, enhance lung function in adults with asthma. The study highlights the importance of integrating appropriate exercise training into asthma management plans.
A randomized clinical trial found that exercise significantly reduced depressive symptoms and burnout in healthcare workers, while improving mental health. However, low adherence to exercise programming was noted towards the end of the study.
A randomized crossover trial involving 195 adults showed that using a regular cuff size resulted in inaccurate BP readings. The study emphasizes the need for individualized cuff selection to ensure accurate blood pressure measurements.
The study found that receiving videos or reminders increased consumption of media content about the issue, increased knowledge about available resources, and reported use of some resources in response to violence. However, long-term attitudes towards gender and marital equity remained unchanged.
A new statistical tool, two-step synthetic control, allows managers and policymakers to estimate effects they previously couldn't accurately. The study found that this method estimated a more modest increase in weekly tampon sales after New York's repeal, better matching actual sales figures.
A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial found that exercise can significantly reduce symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in ovarian cancer survivors. Incorporating exercise programs into standard oncology care may improve quality of life for these patients.
A new study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that the MIND diet had a significant improvement in cognition during the first two years, but no significant difference in three-year changes. The study enrolled 604 people with suboptimal diets and family history of Alzheimer's disease.
A study found that taking more daily steps improves symptoms and physical limitations for people with heart failure, with little association seen beyond 5,000 steps. Participants who increased their step counts experienced improved symptom control and physical function.
A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial found that daily low-dose aspirin increases the risk of intracranial bleeding in healthy older adults, but does not reduce ischemic stroke risk. The study's findings have particular relevance to individuals prone to developing intracranial bleeding after head trauma.
Researchers found that a combination of exercise and cognitive training significantly improved cognition in adults with mild cognitive impairment. Vitamin D supplementation had no impact on cognitive function.
In a phase 3 clinical trial, donanemab significantly slowed clinical progression in patients with low/medium tau and high tau pathology. The treatment cleared brain amyloid plaque, demonstrating its potential to slow Alzheimer disease progression.
Researchers investigated the effects of meditation training and non-native language training on cognition in older adults. Despite initial expectations, these interventions failed to demonstrate salutary cognitive effects, casting doubt on their potential as a preventative measure for aging-related decline.
A randomized clinical trial found that low-dose atropine eye drops did not slow myopia progression or axial elongation in US school-age children. The results suggest that atropine, 0.01%, eye drops are not effective for controlling myopia in this population.
A randomized clinical trial found that treatment with these biologics showed no significant difference in time to recovery compared to placebo for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The study's results suggest that alternative treatments may be needed for this patient population.
Researchers examined almost 600 families and found that children from disadvantaged families struggle to accurately assess their abilities. A mentoring program improved their self-assessment skills, leading to better life outcomes.
A randomized controlled trial found that time-restricted eating produced similar weight loss results to traditional calorie counting in a racially diverse population of adults with obesity. Participants who engaged in 8-hour time-restricted eating had improved insulin sensitivity compared to those in the control group.