Articles tagged with Risk Assessment
Scientists developed a new method to analyze air pressure data from thousands of measurements, revealing key gateways for teleconnections between climate changes. The East Pacific, Indonesia, and tropical Atlantic are most important regions, where air masses play a crucial role in transmitting perturbations.
A meta-analysis of 21 studies found pesticide exposure increases diabetes risk by 61%, with some pesticides linked to higher risks for type 2 diabetes. The study suggests environmental contaminants like pesticides may play a role in diabetes pathogenesis, but results require caution due to observational data.
The National Science Foundation has awarded $27.5 million in research grants to study ways to predict and respond to natural disasters. Researchers will focus on topics such as hurricane risk assessment, wildfire resilience and drought policy.
A study published in The BMJ found that patients admitted to NHS hospitals on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays have a higher risk of death compared to those admitted during the week. This "weekend effect" is attributed to reduced support services and increased severity of illness.
Patients with atrial fibrillation who received antithrombotic management according to ESC guidelines had better outcomes than those who did not. Guideline-adherent patients had significantly lower rates of major adverse events during one year follow up compared to over- or under-treated patients.
A small left ventricle with thick walls is the strongest predictor of morphologic remodelling, a first step towards heart failure. This unexpected finding could change risk stratification among patients with stable coronary artery disease.
A survey of primary care physicians found significant variation in how doctors make decisions in situations of uncertainty, with those least likely to encounter Ebola patients being most likely to choose overly intense management. The results highlight the need for additional resources and responsible reporting by news media.
Researchers at Leuphana University developed a new screening-based procedure to assess environmental risks caused by veterinary antibiotics. The Usage Pattern-Based Exposure Screening (UPES) method aggregates data on antibiotic usage patterns and models consumption to predict environmental impact.
The field of risk analysis is entering a new phase with real-time probabilistic risk analysis, enabling better management of complex systems. New methodologies and technologies are being used to predict risks and improve global resilience.
A study of 41,000 Danish women found unsuccessful fertility treatments do not increase depression risk. Becoming a mother is a greater trigger for clinically diagnosed depression than fertility treatment stress.
Analysis of 835 studies shows that even low weekly physical activity is associated with a 22% lowered risk of death. The most significant health benefits were found among those who increased their physical activity, particularly women.
Researchers found that normal-weight carriers of the PNPLA3 mutant genotype are at higher risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and renal function dysfunction. The study suggests this mutation may be used to identify individuals at high-risk for NAFLD, regardless of weight status.
A meta-analysis published in The BMJ found that women who experience a stillbirth have up to a fourfold increased risk of stillbirth in a second pregnancy. Pregnancies should be closely monitored, and antenatal interventions offered for women at high risk. Improved care and research are needed to address this major public health concern.
A large-scale analysis found that postmenopausal women who were overweight and obese had a higher risk of invasive breast cancer compared to those of normal weight. The study, published in JAMA Oncology, suggests that obesity may contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer.
A new tool can accurately predict the risk of death for patients within 1 year after hospital admission, using routinely collected data. The Hospital-patient One-year Mortality Risk (HOMR) model takes into consideration patient characteristics such as age, sex, and number of illnesses.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins found that re-inflating a balloon in the vessel after stent placement can double the risk of stroke and death. The common practice, known as 'ballooning,' is intended to prevent complications but may actually cause them.
Researchers assess building collapse risk due to ground-shaking aftershock tremors after main earthquakes, considering factors like site-to-source distance and aftershock magnitude. The study introduces a logical method for predicting collapse probability based on these variables, allowing for quantification of risk.
A new guide provides a systematic approach to evaluating the safety of e-cig flavorings, considering toxicological thresholds and thermal breakdown products. The guide aims to fill data gaps and provide guidance for regulatory standards, ensuring safer e-cigarette production.
A large analysis found that subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with an increased risk of hip and other fractures, including spine. The study pooled data from over 70,000 participants and found no association between subclinical hypothyroidism and fractures.
A study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that frailer older patients are at a higher risk of readmission to hospital or death within 30 days after discharge. The researchers assessed the use of the Clinical Frailty Scale, which can help identify patients at high risk of poor outcomes.
Researchers found that adding genetic information to a smoker's clinical risk profile results in improved lung cancer screening adherence, with higher-risk individuals more likely to adhere to follow-up CT scans. The study suggests that gene-based risk assessment can improve screening compliance and reduce the need for reclassification.
Researchers at Plymouth University have developed EpSMon, an app that helps people with epilepsy assess their risks in between visits to doctors. The app aims to encourage people to register for the safety tool to better manage their condition.
A new study found that lung cancer surgery patients have a higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTEs) than previously thought. The study, which analyzed data from 157 patients, showed that the incidence rate was 12.1%, with most events occurring after discharge from the hospital and without symptoms.
New research found that over one-third of patients without established heart disease who underwent Agatston-scored CT scans were reclassified as being at very low risk for cardiovascular disease. This shift in classification could spare these patients from unnecessary statin therapy, according to the study.
A team of Brazilian researchers review the risk assessments for carbon geological storage technology and suggest caution is needed due to uncertainty about leakage from geological deposits. The scientific consensus emphasizes the importance of reducing emissions at source rather than relying on this method.
Researchers found that specific BRCA mutations are linked to higher breast cancer risk and lower ovarian cancer risk, potentially leading to more personalized risk assessment and prevention strategies. The study analyzed data from over 31,000 women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations.
A study of over 31,000 women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations found that the risk of breast and ovarian cancer varies by mutation type. The findings suggest that knowledge of mutation-specific risks could inform clinical decision-making among carriers.
Researchers developed a new Hockey STAR rating system to evaluate helmet protection against concussions and head injuries in ice hockey. The system assigns a value to each helmet based on its ability to protect players from head impacts, driving manufacturers to advance helmet design.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health analyzed over 81 published journal articles and found that raw milk is associated with nearly 100 times more risk of foodborne illness than pasteurized milk. The study strongly discourages the consumption of raw milk, especially among elderly, pregnant women, and children.
The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) has published a report assessing the status of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) risk science in nanotechnology. Stakeholders identified four key areas for improvement: communication resources, decision tools, data resources, and standards and guidance resources.
A French team found a significant correlation between loyalty and infection risk by analyzing past contact data from livestock trade movements and time-stamped sexual encounters. This study can help guide the prioritization of interventional resources to control disease spread, applicable to various epidemic scenarios.
A new study by Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals that four out of five widely used clinical calculators significantly overestimate the likelihood of a heart attack. The researchers found that these algorithms calculate heart attack probability using factors such as gender, age, smoking history, and cholesterol levels, but may not accurate...
Researchers found a simple fiber-rich diet to be nearly as effective as the American Heart Association (AHA) diet for weight loss and improving metabolic health. However, AHA diet's many rules may make adherence challenging for some. Meanwhile, clinical risk calculators seriously overestimate heart attack risk. Sore throats in young ad...
A meta-analysis of ten high-quality cohort studies found that women with a history of spontaneous preterm delivery are at increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases. The association was described as 'robust' and similar in strength to classic CVD risk factors.
The article highlights the lack of injury data in youth rugby, putting junior players at risk. Creative match scheduling and preseason training can help improve safety, but a comprehensive dataset is needed to set rational policies.
A novel risk exposure model helped Ford identify previously unrecognized risk exposures and develop optimal contingency plans. The model assesses the impact of disruptions on a firm's supply chain, enabling informed decision-making.
A study by Harvard Medical School found that police officers are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death when performing physically demanding and stressful duties. The research analyzed over 4,500 US police officer deaths and found a significant association between these tasks and cardiovascular deaths.
A new study suggests that big data predictive analytics can identify high-risk US Army soldiers prior to hospital discharge, highlighting a targeted approach for suicide prevention. The analysis of 53,769 soldiers revealed that 5% of hospitalized individuals accounted for 52.9% of post-hospital suicides.
A study of over 40,000 soldiers found a significantly elevated suicide rate among those hospitalized for psychiatric disorders, with the highest-risk group accounting for 52.9% of post-hospital suicides.
The TRACE Matrix tool assesses countries' business bribery risks across four domains and nine sub-domains, providing a score from 1 to 100. This allows companies to tailor their compliance practices more effectively.
Researchers develop two swallowing techniques to ease pill swallowing in patients with and without difficulties. Continuity of care is associated with reduced mortality, morbidity, and healthcare expenses in patients with chronic conditions.
A study found that older men are three times less likely than women to undergo osteoporosis screening and treatment after a broken wrist. This disparity increases the risk of future bone breaks and related complications in men, who already have twice the mortality rate of women following a hip fracture.
A novel software application, CANARY, can automatically analyze high-resolution CT images to classify early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients into risk groups. The tool was developed at Mayo Clinic and demonstrated accurate stratification of patients into categories with different 5-year disease-free survival outcomes.
The Suomi NPP mission team successfully repositioned the satellite on September 30 to avoid a close approach with a debris object traveling at nearly 17,000 mph. The maneuver was planned after a high-risk assessment, and the team's quick action prevented potential catastrophic damage to the satellite.
Assessing pandemic risk from flu viruses is an enormous challenge due to the vast diversity of influenza viruses. Scientists call for better integration of experimental data, computational methods, and mathematical models to predict pandemic risk. They stress the importance of remaining vigilant against unknown high-risk viruses.
A large genetic study has found no evidence of a causal link between vitamin D levels and the development of type 2 diabetes. The study, conducted by scientists at the University of Cambridge, examined the genes that control blood levels of vitamin D and found no association with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
A York University psychology professor warns that perfectionism is a significant risk factor for suicide, linked to hopelessness and suicidal thoughts. The expert calls for clinicians to consider perfectionism as a separate factor in suicide risk assessment and intervention.
Researchers at UTHealth will assess the asthma risk in healthcare workers in Texas over the last 10 years. The study aims to determine if changes in hospital practices and awareness have affected the prevalence of asthma among healthcare professionals.
A new study published in Rheumatology found that NSAID users have a higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism, which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The study's lead author notes that physicians should be cautious when prescribing NSAIDs to patients already at high risk of VTE.
A large-scale analysis found statin use associated with a 12% increased risk of type 2 diabetes over four years, as well as an average weight gain of 240g. Genetic variants linked to statin efficacy also showed smaller effects on weight and diabetes risk.
A new study introduces the 'area under the curve of oxygen desaturation', which provides a more comprehensive approach to monitoring blood oxygen levels during procedures. This measure, known as AUC Desat, includes information on the depth, duration, and rate of episodes of oxygen desaturation.
A study published in BioScience argues that the US Environmental Protection Agency's pesticide risk assessment practices are flawed, inviting bias towards industry interests. The agency's reliance on manufacturer-funded studies and rigid inclusion criteria may lead to incomplete assessments. The authors recommend improving the process ...
Research in over 6,000 patients found that permanent atrial fibrillation doubles the risk of stroke compared to paroxysmal AF. The study suggests that a simple clinical assessment of the type of AF can help doctors estimate stroke risk more accurately.
Patients with resistant hypertension have higher risks for cardiovascular events than those with non-resistant hypertension, with elevated risks mainly contributing to increasing stroke events. Subgroup analysis showed that resistant hypertension increased the risks of stroke in females by 35% and in elderly patients by 20%.
A nationwide survey of Swedish anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists found low awareness of cognitive side effects following surgery. Postoperative cognitive impairments can have major implications for patient care. Investigators called for improved knowledge on risk factors, prevention, and management.
A study found that clarithromycin, a widely used antibiotic, is associated with an increased risk of heart deaths in people over 40-74 years old. The absolute risk difference was 37 cardiac deaths per 1 million courses with clarithromycin.
The American Journal of Preventive Medicine supplement provides actionable recommendations for prioritizing research on suicide prevention. The focus areas include early behavioral detection, interventions, and the use of mass media to reduce suicidal behavior.
A Mayo Clinic task force challenges recommendations in the updated ACC/AHA cholesterol treatment guideline, suggesting an individualized treatment approach with emphasis on lifestyle changes before prescribing statins. The task force also recommends considering additional tests to refine cardiovascular risk estimates.
A study of 1.7 million hospital patients found that experiencing atrial fibrillation while hospitalized for surgery was associated with an increased long-term risk of ischemic stroke, particularly following noncardiac surgery. The risk was also higher after cardiac surgery.
Researchers propose a new method of flood risk assessment that starts with the null hypothesis of 'no trend' but explicitly assesses statistical uncertainties. This approach could help water managers better estimate future flood risks and avoid wasting money on unneeded infrastructure.