Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study published in BMJ found that blood glucose levels between 48-52mmol/mol do not provide additional protection against organ damage, whereas levels below 48 do not offer further reduced risk. Patients with low HbA1c values need to monitor for excessively low glucose levels and fluctuations.
A new study has developed an omega-3 calculator to estimate the final Omega-3 Index and required EPA+DHA doses. The calculator helps address the mixed literature on omega-3 benefits by providing a guideline for researchers to ensure adequate doses, leading to more accurate study outcomes.
A Finnish study found that lifestyle guidance and mobile application usage can reduce waist circumference and improve dietary habits. The study used a digital screening tool to identify at-risk individuals, with promising preliminary results.
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute approved $29.3 million to fund studies on reducing suicide risk and improving diabetes treatment. The funded projects include examining the effectiveness of different approaches to prevent or treat conditions like colorectal cancer screening and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
Heavy smokers who quit can lower their CVD risk by 39% in just five years, a finding that contradicts current clinical guidelines. The study's findings suggest that it may take up to 25 years for CVD risk to become as low as that of a non-smoker.
A recent study reassesses nuclear safety by prioritizing both objective and subjective risks, aiming to reduce psychological and physical trauma. The guidelines advocate for improved system resilience and shift towards systems-thinking in risk assessment.
A comprehensive study confirms that excessive gluten consumption increases the risk of developing coeliac disease or pre-coeliac disease in young children. The study found a significant association between daily gluten intake over 2 grams and a 75% increase in risk, even at small amounts.
A new study from the University of British Columbia found that amateur investors fail to diversify their portfolios, leading to increased financial risk. More experienced investors understand the importance of diversifying assets by including negatively correlated and uncorrelated assets.
Two studies found that nitrogen-bisphosphonates reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures and premature mortality by 34% in individuals aged over 50. The treatment is particularly beneficial for those at risk of osteoporosis, with a significant reduction in bone loss contributing to the overall benefit.
Women with BRCA1/2 gene mutations are at high risk of developing ovarian cancer, with a lifetime risk of 39-44% for BRCA1 and 11-17% for BRCA2. A new review provides guidance on screening, preventive surgery, contraception and management of menopausal symptoms to reduce this risk.
A new study found that good cardiovascular health at age 50 is associated with a lower risk of dementia later in life. Researchers used the Life Simple 7 cardiovascular health score as a tool for preventing dementia, and their findings support public health policies to improve midlife cardiovascular health.
A recent study found that increasing consumption of red meat was associated with a higher risk of invasive breast cancer, while consuming poultry was linked to decreased risk. Substituting poultry for red meat may be a simple way to reduce breast cancer incidence.
Attending NHS health checks is associated with increased risk management interventions and decreased risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Health check participants had lower baseline BMI, blood pressure, and fewer smokers, and were more likely to receive weight management and smoking cessation advice.
A Mediterranean-style diet has been shown to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes (by 35%) and weight gain (average 1.25 Kg) in pregnant women, particularly those with pre-existing obesity or metabolic risks. The study suggests that this intervention could be effective for high-risk pregnant women.
A recent meta-analysis found that people with the highest adherence to predominantly plant-based diets had a 23% lower risk of type 2 diabetes compared to those with weaker adherence. Healthy plant-based foods have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and blood pressure, reducing weight gain and inflammation.
A new study suggests that unrestrained deforestation in the Amazon region could lead to a dramatic increase in wildfire risk by 70% by the end of the century. Improving sustainable land management practices could mitigate this risk and reduce the probability of wildfires.
A new study found that living a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of dementia for individuals with a high genetic risk. The research, published in JAMA, analyzed data from over 196,000 adults and discovered that adhering to a healthy lifestyle, regardless of genetic risk, was associated with a reduced risk of dementia.
Research suggests that platelet-rich plasma therapy can lower the risk of meniscus repair failure after surgery. In contrast, PRP does not appear to offer protection for patients who have also undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, according to a study presented at the American Orthopaedic Society of Sports Medicine meeting.
Women wearing seatbelts are significantly more likely to suffer injury in frontal car crashes, with a 73% greater risk compared to men. Newer automobiles have decreased injury risks for various body regions, including skull fractures and abdominal injuries.
A Finnish study found that even moderate physical exercise, such as walking or cycling, can reduce the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage by up to 20%. Quitting smoking is also crucial in preventing SAH, with exercise having a significant impact on risk factors like high blood pressure.
A new Michigan State University study found that taking vitamin D supplements did not decrease the incidence of heart attacks, strokes or other major adverse cardiovascular events. The study of over 83,000 patients showed no benefit from vitamin D supplements in reducing cardiovascular risk.
A recent study found that adequate protein intake is associated with a reduced risk of frailty and prefrailty in older women. Protein sources such as animal-based foods may also play a role in preventing frailty. The recommended daily protein intake for older adults is around 77g, equivalent to about 1.1-1.3g per kg body weight.
A study published in EULAR 2019 found that patients with osteoarthritis who undergo partial knee replacement have a 25-50% lower risk of venous thromboembolism, but an increased risk of revision compared to total knee replacement. The long-term benefits of partial knee replacement are offset by the higher risk of revision.
Researchers in USA develop first-ever standardized method to evaluate commercially available driver-monitoring systems. The method assesses drivers' distractions and provides a common base for comparing different recording devices.
A recent study published in Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology found that removing the gallbladder can reduce the risk of stroke by 40% in patients with gallstones. The study analyzed data from 310,712 patients and observed a lower risk regardless of age or medical conditions.
Extending sleep duration has been associated with improved insulin sensitivity and reduced appetite for sweet and salty foods. Higher total sleep time was linked to lower caloric intake from protein and decreased overall sugar consumption.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that eating 150g of blueberries daily reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease by up to 15%. The research team from the University of East Anglia discovered that blueberries have a positive effect on metabolic syndrome, a condition affecting 1/3 of westernized ...
A new study from the Australian National University found that spending half an hour a day outside in the sun can lower the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by almost 20%, including Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis. Short periods of sun exposure also showed significant benefits.
A new supplement to The Gerontologist journal calls for a comprehensive approach to cancer prevention in older adults, including improved health literacy, sun protection, and positive attitudes toward aging. Experts identify opportunities to reduce cancer risk through evidence-based measures and best practices.
A large-scale study found that adults who engaged in regular walking and strength training had a significantly lower risk of cirrhosis-related death. The researchers observed that even moderate levels of physical activity, such as brisk walking, were associated with substantial reductions in mortality.
Women who breastfed their babies are less likely to develop heart disease later in life, with a stronger effect seen in women who breastfed for longer periods. The study's findings provide further evidence for the long-term health benefits of breastfeeding and its potential role in reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
A 2019 study found evidence of sporadic, small landslides preceding a massive one on Ritter Island, sparking interest in whether slow landslides reduce the risk of catastrophic collapses. Researchers measured seismic activity and deformation patterns to understand the island's dynamics.
A study of over 4,500 participants found that those under 75 who closely followed the DASH diet had a significantly lower risk of developing heart failure. The research suggests that the DASH diet can reduce heart failure risk by almost half, making it a promising element in primary prevention.
A large study found that quitting cigarette smoking is associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer in postmenopausal women. The risk continued to decrease after 10 years of quitting, but even after 30 or more years, risk remained higher for those who had smoked than never-smokers.
A new study by Tulane University researchers found that improved WIC food packages reduced obesity risk for 4-year-olds by 12% for boys and 10% for girls. The changes, made in 2009, added more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while reducing juice, milk, and cheese.
Long-term thiazide use significantly reduces the risk of low-energy fractures in people with Alzheimer's disease. The association was strongest for hip fractures, which saw a 30% decrease in risk.
A Dartmouth-led study published in JAMA Network Open found that quitting smoking during pregnancy reduces the risk of preterm birth. The probability of preterm birth decreased by up to 20% if cessation occurred at the beginning of pregnancy. However, only about 25% of women who smoked prior to pregnancy were able to quit throughout the...
A new study suggests that reflective roofs can reduce peak daytime temperatures in cities by up to 3oC during a heatwave. This could offset around 25% of heat-related mortality associated with the urban heat island effect.
A study suggests that individualized screening intervals can effectively reduce cardiovascular disease risk by detecting high-risk individuals more timely. The researchers found that the current 5-yearly screenings are unnecessarily frequent for low-risk individuals and insufficiently frequent for intermediate-risk individuals.
A new study found that replacing a half hour of sitting time with light physical activity was associated with a nearly 50% reduction in mortality among the least active participants. Replacing sedentary time with moderate-intensity physical activity was also linked to a lower risk of death, although the association was smaller.
A study by the University of Vermont found that free community-based screenings significantly influenced older adults to adopt fall risk reduction strategies. Physical therapists played a crucial role in assessing participants' risk levels and providing tailored recommendations.
A large observational study found that even low-level physical activities, such as walking or gardening, are associated with a lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, or any cause. Increasing activity levels continues to mount health benefits, with vigorous sports providing additional protection.
A study of nearly 5,900 older women found that light physical activity, even just 5.6 hours per day, may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease. The researchers suggest replacing sedentary behavior with light physical activity supports previous guidelines.
A new study found that light physical activity can significantly lower the risk of cardiovascular disease among women 63 and older. The study, which involved over 5,800 women, showed a 42% reduction in heart attack or coronary death rates.
Preliminary research found that adding high-quality plant-based foods to a diet decreases the risk of deaths from heart disease. A 10-point increase in score on a healthy plant-based diet scale was associated with a 10% lower risk of cardiovascular disease death.
A recent study published at the American Heart Association's Epidemiology and Prevention | Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health Scientific Sessions 2019 reveals that young women in the US tend to worry more about stress and mood disorders than their heart health. The research, which surveyed 331 young women ages 15-24, found that only ...
A randomized controlled trial conducted across 18 countries found that steroid use during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery did not reduce the risk of acute kidney injury in patients at high risk of death. The study included 7286 patients and found no significant difference between those receiving steroids and those on placebo.
A new study predicts that meeting national HIV prevention goals could substantially reduce new HIV infections in the US by 67 percent by 2030. Implementing innovative models for delivering HIV care and prevention interventions, as well as sufficient investments to bring them to scale, are crucial to achieving this goal.
A new study finds that sustained smoking cessation can delay or prevent the development of seropositive RA, a more severe form of rheumatoid arthritis. Quitting smoking for good reduces risk by 37% after 30 years.
Consuming garlic and onions has been shown to lower the risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese study involving 833 patients. Adults who ate high amounts of allium vegetables had an 79% lower chance of developing the disease compared to those who consumed low amounts.
A new study published in Circulation Research found that eating nuts, particularly tree nuts, can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease among people with type 2 diabetes. The research showed that even small amounts of nuts had a significant impact on heart health.
Research found that patients taking furosemide diuretic who also take prescription potassium supplements experience a 9.3% lower risk of death compared to those not taking potassium, especially during high temperatures. Further studies are needed to understand the generalizability of these findings to other patient populations.
Screening for irregular heartbeat has been proposed as a potential solution to reduce stroke risk, but experts disagree on its effectiveness. Mark Lown suggests that trained clinicians can accurately identify positive cases, while Patrick Moran raises concerns about the lack of evidence on screening's benefits.
A study led by the Brazilian Ministry of Health found that dengue immunity can protect against Zika infection in human populations. In a cohort of 1,453 residents, those with dengue antibodies had a 9% reduction in risk of Zika infection for each doubling of antibody titers.
A recent study published in the Fire Safety Journal found that commonly-used emollients can increase fabric flammability, posing a hidden fire risk. The research, conducted by Anglia Ruskin University, tested various emollients and found that even paraffin-free products can ignite fabrics quickly.
Research from the Singapore Chinese Health Study found that high-quality diets rich in plant-based foods and low in red meat and sugar-sweetened beverages were inversely associated with risk of diabetes. Participants who followed these healthy dietary patterns had a 16-29% reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
A meta-analysis of 28 randomised controlled trials found that statin therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events in older people by about a fifth per 1 mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol. The study showed no adverse effects of statin therapy on non-vascular mortality or cancer across all age groups.
The Alzheimer's Association has awarded funding for the SPRINT MIND 2.0 Study, which aims to investigate intensive blood pressure treatment and its impact on reducing dementia risk. The study will continue to follow up trial participants with two years of additional assessment.
The updated guidelines now prefer non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) over warfarin for reducing stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. NOACs have been shown to be safer and potentially more effective at preventing blood clots than warfarin, according to new scientific studies.
UMN researchers have created a more accurate prediction tool for atrial fibrillation-related stroke, considering abnormal P-wave indices and CHA2DS2-VASc variables. The P2-CHA2DS2-VASc score shows promise in classifying patients at higher risk of stroke.