Articles tagged with Drug Relapse
Rapastinel, an antidepressant-turned-opioid-reversal-drug, has shown promising results in reducing withdrawal signs in rats, potentially leading to a new treatment option for opioid dependence. The drug binds to the same receptor as ketamine but with a milder effect, offering a safer alternative to existing treatments.
A team of researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina has identified a critical brain circuit involved in cocaine-seeking behavior during relapse. Targeting neurons in this circuit could offer a new approach to treating cocaine addiction.
Research suggests that empathy can lead former drug users to relapse as they respond to stressful events. Oxytocin, a hormone linked to social bonding, exacerbates this response.
A recent study found that vaping encourages long-term relapse prevention and does not necessarily lead to a full relapse. Researchers interviewed 40 people who had quit smoking by switching to vaping and discovered that they perceived smoking lapses differently than in the past.
Researchers test engineered NicA2-J1 enzyme, breaking down nicotine before it reaches brain, reversing signs of nicotine dependence and reducing relapse rates. The treatment shows promise in preclinical tests, potentially offering a new smoking-cessation treatment option.
A modified form of blebbistatin appears to be effective in preventing cravings and relapse in people with substance use disorders, including those using multiple drugs. The compound works by breaking down memories linked to methamphetamine use, offering a novel approach to treating addiction.
A new study by Dickinson College researchers found that estradiol, a naturally occurring female sex hormone, can contribute to anxiety-like behavior in mice withdrawing from methamphetamine. This suggests the hormone may exacerbate drug relapse in women by worsening anxiety-related symptoms during withdrawal.
Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism for combating drug addiction relapse, focusing on the brain's cholinergic system and its role in memory. Using an animal model, they found that a specific blocker of the alpha7 nicotinic receptor impaired relapse to morphine seeking behavior.
A recent study found that heroin users derive more pleasure from using it at home, while cocaine users enjoy it more outside. The brain regions involved in processing drug reward and context were activated during the emotional imagery task.
Researchers discovered that GLP-1 receptor agonists can selectively reduce cocaine-seeking without causing nausea. The study used FDA-approved medications for diabetes and obesity treatment, such as Exendin-4, to treat cocaine addiction. Low doses of the medication reduced cocaine-seeking behaviors in rats.
A new guideline from the American Academy of Neurology suggests that starting MS drugs early may be better than letting the disease run its course. Disease-modifying therapies can alter or change the course of MS, reducing relapses and slowing disease progression.
A preclinical study in rats found that Cannabidiol (CBD) can reduce the risk of relapse among recovering drug and alcohol addicts. CBD effectively reduced anxiety, impulsivity, and stress-induced relapse in rats.
A recent study published at Medical University of South Carolina found that epigenetic enzyme HDAC5 influences the brain's response to drugs, leading to persistent triggers for relapse. The research suggests that understanding these connections could lead to better treatments for addiction.
A large study found that antireflux surgery has a low risk of complications and relapse in young, healthy males. The procedure is considered an under-used therapeutic alternative to long-term medication, which can lead to osteoporosis and other complications.
A new review suggests targeting the oxytocin system could be an important target for developing medications to treat opioid addiction. Oxytocin-based therapies show promise in preventing relapse and may provide a novel effective approach to treating drug dependence.
A new study from Scripps Research Institute suggests that a synthetic small molecule called Isoxazole-9 can block the formation of new neurons in the brain, leading to reduced drug-seeking behavior and preventing relapse. The study found that Isoxazole-9 also repaired structural changes in neurons exposed to methamphetamine.
A recent study published in ACS Chemical Neuroscience found that the commercial weight-loss drug lorcaserin can help reduce opioid use and cravings in rats. The researchers administered lorcaserin to rats who had been self-administering oxycodone, resulting in decreased oxycodone use and drug-seeking behaviors.
In a preclinical model, researchers successfully suppressed cued cocaine seeking by activating brain receptors involved in suppressing addiction relapse. The technology, called DREADDs, allows for targeted treatment of addiction with minimal side effects.
A UK-wide trial found that smokers with Crohn's disease are more likely to experience a recurrence after surgery. The study suggests that quitting smoking is crucial in preventing the condition from worsening.
Researchers found that individuals who inject drugs are more likely to relapse during treatment, while those starting opioid abuse at an older age have a lower risk. The study suggests tailoring treatment to each patient's needs and targeting aggressive therapies for high-risk patients.
A randomized controlled clinical trial found that extended-release naltrexone significantly prevented relapses in men with previous criminal justice system involvement. The study showed a significant reduction in heroin and opioid use, as well as no overdoses during the six-month treatment period.
A Penn-led study found that extended-release naltrexone was more effective than usual treatment in preventing drug relapse among ex-prisoners addicted to heroin and other opioids. The medication showed significantly reduced rates of relapse and longer median time to relapse compared to the control group.
A multicenter clinical trial found that long-acting naltrexone injections significantly reduced opioid relapse and overdose risk compared to counseling alone. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone as a treatment option for individuals with opioid addiction.
Cocaine users exhibit hyperactivation in the ventral striatum, a region critical for reward processing, and display anomalous activation profiles in the prefrontal cortex. Structural differences, including hypertrophy of key brain regions, contribute to the development of compulsive behaviors and difficulties in controlling impulses.
A new study by the University of Cambridge reveals a previously unknown pathway in the brain that links impulse with habits, making it harder to control cocaine addiction. A second study suggests that a drug used to treat paracetamol overdose may help individuals overcome their addiction if they want to quit.
Researchers have identified a single amino acid difference in the mu-opioid receptor that affects behavior and addiction susceptibility. Individuals with the G variant exhibit improved resilience to stress, reduced susceptibility to alcoholism, and increased ability to quit smoking and heroin use.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute will investigate brain regions that suppress relapse associated with cocaine and alcohol addiction. Preliminary studies suggest that cues signaling unavailability of drugs can activate neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, potentially leading to new methods for resisting relapse.
A new study found that nearly 40% of multiple sclerosis patients who stopped taking their medication experienced some level of disease activity. Patients who stopped taking their medication were more likely to experience relapses and disability progression than those who continued treatment.
A pilot study published in Addiction journal found that extended-release naltrexone significantly reduced opioid relapse rates among mostly heroin-dependent men released from New York City jails. After one month, 88% of participants in the control group relapsed, compared to 38% in the treatment group.
A high rate of insomnia is reported in patients during early recovery from addiction, with evidence suggesting it can lead to increased risk of relapse. Behavioral treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), have been shown to be effective in reducing relapse risk.
A UT Southwestern Medical Center study found that combining cognitive behavioral therapy with medication improves long-term success of depression treatment in children and adolescents. Relapse rates were significantly lower for those who received both forms of treatment compared to those on medication alone.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine finds that idelalisib reduces tumor size by at least half in 57% of patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The drug's side effects are manageable, offering a targeted and less harmful approach to treating cancer.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet reveals that administering higher doses of the ADHD drug methylphenidate can be effective in treating individuals with both ADHD and substance dependency. The treatment led to reduced relapse rates, fewer ADHD symptoms, and improved adherence to treatment regimens.
Researchers identified specific steps in the sequence of neural events underlying stress-related drug relapse and showed that blocking kappa opioid receptors can prevent relapse. The study suggests a new approach to treating addiction recovery by targeting stress-induced brain mechanisms.
A systematic review of 50 years of data found antipsychotic drugs significantly reduce relapse rates and hospitalizations in patients with schizophrenia. However, they also experience more adverse side effects, including movement disorders and weight gain.
A phase Ib/II clinical trial reveals that PCI-32765 is highly active and well-tolerated in 61 relapsed CLL patients, with 70% achieving complete or partial remission after 10 months of treatment. The agent targets Bruton's tyrosine kinase, a key protein for CLL-cell survival.
A recent study by Case Western Reserve University found that helping others in 12-step programs significantly improves adolescent treatment response, reducing cravings for alcohol and drugs. The study also highlights the influence of religious practices on treatment outcomes.
A meta-analysis by McMaster researcher Paul Andrews found that patients who have used anti-depressant medications can be nearly twice as susceptible to future episodes of major depression. The study suggests that people who have not been taking any medication are at a 25 per cent risk of relapse, compared to 42 per cent or higher for t...
A review article suggests a shift towards more conservative medication-prescribing practices, considering alternative interventions and weighing risks against benefits. The authors outline seven principles for conservative prescribing, including strategic decision-making and patient-centered care.
A phase II clinical trial found PCI-32765 to be highly active in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), achieving complete remission in one patient and partial remissions in 62% of previously untreated patients, with tolerable side effects.
A recent study published in JAMA found that withdrawing methotrexate treatment after 12 months of remission does not reduce the risk of relapse in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The study also identified a biomarker, MRP8/14, that can predict flares and suggests adjusting treatment intensity to individual patient needs.
Physicians need to educate patients about migraine triggers and lifestyle factors, such as stress, sleep schedule, and diet. Preventative therapy is often ineffective, with only 50% or more of patients experiencing a reduction in headache frequency.
A Georgia State University study found that adolescent rats are less vulnerable to drug withdrawal and relapse than adult rats, suggesting a possible protective effect of youth on substance abuse. Researchers hope to apply this knowledge to develop better treatments for human addiction.
A study found that women with severe premenstrual syndrome are more likely to relapse after stopping antidepressant medication, and shorter treatment durations may contribute to this risk. Women who achieved symptom remission during treatment were less likely to experience a relapse.
A new study found that a novel compound decreases rats' preference for cocaine-associated environments during subsequent tests. This process is called extinction learning, where the brain creates new associations instead of retrieving old ones.
A study identified 102 genetic variants associated with minimal residual disease and hematologic relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The findings suggest that inherited genetic variation affects cancer treatment effectiveness, highlighting the importance of personalized medicine approaches.
A recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that antipsychotic drugs do not form homogeneous classes, with individual differences in efficacy, side effects, and cost. This challenges the traditional classification of 'first-generation' and 'second-generation' antipsychotics.
A new study suggests that vigabatrin may prevent human methamphetamine addicts from relapsing by blocking reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. The research found that rats pre-treated with vigabatrin lost interest in spending time in a location where they had previously been given methamphetamine.
Researchers found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels can indicate impending relapse in schizophrenia patients. BDNF levels may drop even before symptoms worsen, suggesting a potential biomarker for early intervention and treatment adjustment.
A new combination therapy of trabectedin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin shows clinical benefit for women with relapsed ovarian cancer. The treatment offers an alternative to traditional platinum-based regimens, providing a fresh option for those whose cancer recurs after first-line treatment.
The oral drug FTY720 has been shown to reduce disease activity in people with multiple sclerosis by more than 50 percent compared to placebo. After three years of continuous use, participants experienced sustained low relapses and reduced inflammatory activity.
A study by Brookhaven National Laboratory found that D-cycloserine reduced cocaine-seeking behavior in mice previously trained to expect cocaine. The antibiotic-like drug showed promise in extinguishing cravings and reducing relapse risk.
A new study suggests that loss of treatment response may be due to loss of placebo response, indicating patients who were not true drug responders experienced a relapse. The study's findings challenge the common interpretation of tachyphylaxis as a loss of efficacy in antidepressant activity.
A landmark Carnegie Mellon University study found that people who know they are addicted to drugs tend to underestimate the intensity of their cravings. This underestimation can lead to a higher willingness to take risks and engage in behaviors that increase the likelihood of relapse. The study suggests that teaching individuals to ant...
A study published in Nicotine & Tobacco Research found that naltrexone significantly improved smoking cessation rates for women, with a 49% increase in success rates compared to men. The medication reduced cravings and withdrawal symptoms, leading to a higher likelihood of quitting smoking.
A new five-year study will determine whether biweekly physician visits and injectable drugs can improve medication compliance among schizophrenia patients. Researchers are comparing the effectiveness of injectable risperidone microspheres to standard oral antipsychotics.
Researchers found that withdrawal contributes to compulsive drug consumption in addicts, creating a vicious cycle. A previously unknown source of drug craving was also identified through Pavlovian conditioning.
A study published in Psychopharmacology found that genetics and environmental factors contribute to the relapse of drug-seeking behavior. The research used rat models to identify glutamate as a neurotransmitter involved in stirring cravings and uncontrollable urges. Dr. Paul J. Kruzich suggests that genetic variations may increase susc...
A study published in JAMA found that anesthesia-assisted rapid opioid detoxification is not more effective than other treatment methods and can be associated with health risks. Only 11% of patients continued in treatment for 12 weeks, highlighting the need for effective relapse prevention strategies.
A retrospective cohort study of 292 healthcare professionals found that family history, co-existing psychiatric disorders, and opioid pain-killer use significantly increase the risk of relapse. State physician health programs should consider specialized treatment approaches to address these concerns.