Research on containing and managing disease. Covers critical-illness theory, zoonotic disease, immunotherapy trials, and historical epidemics.
A study published in Canadian Medical Association Journal found that patients with acute critical illness without pre-existing kidney disease are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The study also shows that these patients have a higher risk of death.
The incidence of visceral leishmaniasis increased by 52.9% in Brazil between 1990 and 2016, while the disability-adjusted life years increased by 83.6%. Regional variations were observed, with rates rising in the Northeast and Southeast but decreasing in the Northern states.
The CDC guideline provides 19 recommendations for diagnosing, managing, and treating mild traumatic brain injury in children, including return to school and symptom management. The guideline aims to improve clinical decision-making and treatment outcomes for pediatric concussions.
The prevalence of hypertension globally is high and continues to increase. Targeted and population-based strategies can lead to better prevention and control of hypertension.
A new evidence-based white paper provides practical approaches to preventing Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infections in neonatal intensive care units. The guidance recommends against routine testing for C. difficile in neonates and suggests evaluating first for more common causes of diarrhea.
Researchers at Washington State University have successfully cloned grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, a breakthrough that could lead to new strategies controlling the disease. The discovery opens the door for experiments and treatments to protect valuable vineyards from the devastating disease.
A study by CIRAD researchers found that Japanese encephalitis circulates as intensely in Phnom Penh, Cambodia's capital, as it does in rural areas. Vaccinating children remains the best way to protect humans, while vaccinating sows and controlling mosquitoes can reduce virus circulation.
A study of 2.5 million Swedes found that high job demands and low control were associated with increased Parkinson's disease risk. High education level was a moderating factor for men, while low education level exacerbated the risk among women.
A Kaiser Permanente study of nearly 200,000 young women found no increased risk of primary ovarian insufficiency after HPV vaccination. The research contradicts earlier reports and provides further evidence on the safety of adolescent vaccines.
Researchers at RCSI and Trinity College Dublin have discovered how the body clock regulates inflammatory response in macrophages, a key immune cell. This study may lead to targeted treatments at specific times of the day to alleviate excess inflammation in conditions like asthma, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease.
A qualitative review found that patients with HAIs experience emotional responses, including feeling shameful and dirty, and fear transmitting their infection to others. Effective interaction from HCP can provide reassurance and improve outcomes.
A new study reveals severe declines in mountain hare populations on Scottish grouse moors, with numbers decreasing by nearly 5% every year from 1954 to 1999. The decline accelerated dramatically between 1999 and 2017, with counts in 2017 showing less than one percent of original levels.
A Brazilian research team used CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the Aire gene, which plays a crucial role in controlling aggressive autoimmunity. The study found that Aire-mutant mTECs were worse at adhering to thymocytes and losing their original function.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have developed a new real-time strategy for controlling foot-and-mouth disease, finding that local targeted methods are the most effective in halting disease spread. The approach prioritizes surveillance and vaccination to quickly control outbreaks, even with minimal information.
Individuals with MDD have lower LAC levels than healthy controls, increasing with disease severity and age of onset. Patients with low LAC levels often do not respond to standard antidepressant medications, suggesting LAC may aid in diagnosing severe, trauma-associated depression.
Researchers found a new protein iTAP that regulates TNF release from immune cells, reducing its levels in circulation. This discovery offers potential for developing improved treatments for inflammatory diseases.
A new study developed equations to predict lifetime risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the Chinese population. The models incorporated various risk factors, including blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and geographic region, providing personalized estimates.
A new framework, developed from analyzing three large-scale NTD intervention studies, provides actionable socio-anthropological approaches for understanding effectiveness factors. The framework identifies five domains to consider, including community agency and governance of interventions, to help NTD interventions succeed.
A study by ISGlobal reveals significant discrepancies in global tuberculosis death estimates between the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), primarily due to differences in methodology and data sources. The researchers identify a dozen countries with notable variations, emphasizin...
Researchers update IDCs list, highlighting their critical roles in NTD research and epidemic preparedness. Countries like Brazil, Turkey, and China demonstrate higher prioritization on NTDs research.
Researchers found that a simplified intervention can significantly improve rates of blood pressure control in safety-net clinics, with success seen across all racial and ethnic groups. The program adapted treatment algorithms and tracking systems to suit the needs of patients with high-risk profiles.
A new study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that healthy diets with high consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain cereals are characterised by better asthma outcomes. Men who ate healthier diets had a 30% lower chance of experiencing asthma symptoms.
Two biological control agents, myxoma and rabbit haemorrhagic disease viruses, have been found to work together to control feral rabbit populations in Australia. The study used data from the largest wild rabbit study in the world to show that both viruses are effective when acting together.
New research from Brown University found that Medicare Advantage plan rankings may not accurately reflect the quality of care provided to disadvantaged populations. After adjusting for social risk factors, plans serving these populations improved considerably in the rankings.
Isoxazoline drugs have been found to be effective against various disease vectors including multiple mosquito and sand fly genera. A single dose of less than 500 mg could yield insecticidal plasma concentrations for at least 2 months, suggesting potential use in controlling vector-borne diseases.
A simple sampling method using swabs from environmental surfaces has been shown to detect viral genetic material in foot and mouth disease outbreaks. This method can be easily performed by smallholder farmers without clinical expertise, providing an effective tool for early detection.
Two new studies highlight the critical need for evaluating and updating standards for infection preventionist (IP) staffing levels, citing severe gaps in staffing and outdated coverage benchmarks. The studies found that actual IP labor needs are 31-66% higher than current benchmarks, indicating a greater need for IP oversight.
A large-scale genomic study found that nearly 80% of cholera transmission in Dhaka occurred between people sharing a household. Preventing this spread could significantly reduce outbreaks and save lives. Local interventions such as sanitation and hygiene improvements can help break the chain of transmission.
A new study suggests that different vector control strategies are needed depending on when Chikungunya cases are notified, with optimal response strategies varying between late spring/summer and fall/colder seasons. The research provides useful indications for public health authorities to respond to emerging mosquito-borne epidemics.
Researchers have found that invasive Aedes mosquitoes in California are capable of transmitting the Zika virus, a significant global health threat. The study involved infecting various mosquito species with three different strains of ZIKV and found that up to 90% of infected Aedes mosquitoes transmitted the virus.
A new study reveals children's immune systems can control infections and prevent sepsis, a disease responsible for more UK deaths than cancer combined. The research identifies key responses in children's cells that help them ward off severe infections.
A new UM study reveals that ornamental bromeliad plants contribute to the breeding of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, a key culprit behind vector-borne diseases like Zika. The study found that water retained in bromeliads' leaf axils becomes breeding sites for mosquitoes.
A new study identifies significant challenges in infection prevention and control practices at critical access hospitals (CAHs), with gaps found in all domains. The study recommends increased staffing, competency-based training programs, and audits to improve patient safety.
Recent outbreaks of measles and mumps have demonstrated the importance of integrated infection prevention response. Studies show that standard patient and visitor messaging, active surveillance, and timely initiation of precautions can effectively control outbreaks. Vaccination rates were also critical in stemming the outbreak, with a ...
A new study highlights the importance of educating nurses about antimicrobial stewardship and obtaining their buy-in to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). The research found that nurse participation leads to closer team coordination, cross-discipline collaboration, and ultimately saves lives.
A study published in Radiology found that children with chronic kidney disease exhibit increased cerebral blood flow compared to healthy controls. This may indicate compensatory hyperactivity or disturbances in blood flow regulation, potentially leading to white matter injury and cognitive problems.
An observational study tracking over 100000 men and women found that job strain is associated with a higher risk of premature death in men with coronary heart disease, stroke, or diabetes. Despite achieving treatment targets, men experiencing job strain had a 68% greater risk of death compared to those with no job strain.
Immunocompromised patients with sepsis are more likely to die if treated in a hospital caring for a relatively small number of these patients. Hospitals that treat large numbers of immunosuppressed patients with sepsis may improve outcomes, study results suggest.
A new environmental monitoring project has found increased numbers of deer ticks carrying Lyme disease in Southern Indiana. The IU Environmental Resilience Institute and Prepared for Environmental Change Grand Challenge launched a project to analyze ticks and mosquitoes for diseases that are dangerous to people.
A new CDC study reveals that permethrin-treated clothing is effective in repelling disease-carrying ticks, with the insects experiencing sluggish movement after contact. The study found strong toxic effects on three primary tick species, including blacklegged and lone star ticks.
A new automated system has been developed to identify patients at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia, outperforming traditional manual surveillance methods. The system uses an algorithm to analyze electronic health records and was found to be 100% accurate in detecting ventilator-associated events.
A genomic approach has mapped antibiotic resistance in gonorrhoea throughout Europe, enabling accurate determination of resistance and identification of incorrect laboratory test results. The study established an open genomic database, supporting real-time surveillance of gonorrhoea worldwide.
Researchers characterized mEAK-7, a human equivalent of EAK-7, which regulates cell growth and development. The study found that mEAK-7 activates an alternative pathway in cells, potentially controlling disease progression. Disrupting this process could lead to new therapies for cancer and other diseases.
Researchers at McGill University Health Centre discovered that having excessive T cells can cause harm and imbalance disease tolerance, leading to tissue damage. The study found that a protein called cyclophilin D acts as a key checkpoint for T cell activation, controlling the body's ability to tolerate Mtb infection.
Scientists have developed a statistical framework to predict chikungunya and Zika outbreaks based on dengue fever 'hot spots'. The analysis used eight years of data from Merida, Mexico, and showed that people living in these hot spots had twice the rate of infection as those outside.
Researchers report that expanding community-level control programs for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) can reach more children than traditional school-based programs. In a pilot study, community-based deworming and water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions showed a 58% reduction in STH infections among participating children.
A pioneering paper provides a practical guide for infection control in clinics, emphasizing the importance of hand hygiene, injection safety, cleaning, sterilization, and high-level disinfection. The guide promotes a proactive approach to infection prevention and control, empowering patients to hold healthcare providers accountable.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum München have identified 16 virus structures that can be attacked by killer T cells, which could lead to new therapies for immunocompromised individuals and patients with autoimmune diseases. The researchers discovered these targets using an algorithm and verified them in a large group of patients.
Researchers developed a new colour-coded visual tool, IRIS, to measure hospital compliance with guidelines and improve infection control. The tool improved hand hygiene compliance in five Dutch wards but had limited impact on antibiotic use.
A single foodborne outbreak could cost a restaurant millions of dollars in lost revenue, fines, lawsuits, legal fees, insurance premium increases, inspection costs and staff retraining. Foodborne illness outbreaks can have large, reverberating consequences regardless of the size of the restaurant.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have created a web-based tool to integrate control measures for co-endemic diseases like schistosomiasis and malaria. The tool allows users to assess the outcome of combining control measures based on local conditions and political constraints.
Researchers have developed a web-based application to help on-the-ground decision making about integrating malaria and schistosomiasis control programs. The app models the impact of integrated treatment plans, providing insights into the most effective approaches.
Anti-tumor necrosis factor medications like certolizumab pegol show a low rate of major congenital malformations and similar live birth rates to the general population. These findings support continued treatment with anti-TNFs for women with chronic inflammatory diseases during pregnancy
Researchers tracked Aedes mosquito invasions in Panama, finding evidence of multiple invasions via land and sea. The study revealed high genetic diversity in central Panama, suggesting transport networks facilitate the mixing of different molecular lineages.
A study published in The Journal of the American Dental Association found that adults with diabetes are consistently the least likely to obtain oral healthcare. Regular dental check-ups can help prevent complications from diabetes and maintain good oral health.
Infection prevention and control (IPC) and antibiotic stewardship (AS) programs are intrinsically linked to achieve patient safety. Implementing both IPC and AS measures together is more effective than AS measures alone.
Obesity and severe obesity have increased among US adults from 2007-2008 to 2015-2016, while rates among youth remained stable. The study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to track these trends.
Research examines subgingival virome in periodontal health and disease, finding lower virus levels in healthy controls compared to diseased subjects. The dominant viruses were members of the Herpes Simplex family, with gram-negative phages predominating in diseases.
Researchers use ordinary differential equation-based model to calculate effective method of introducing Wolbachia to wild mosquitoes, reducing spread of life-threatening diseases. The two-sex model accounts for aquatic life stage, heterosexual transmission, and multiple pregnant states, capturing entire transmission cycle.
The new guidelines provide updated clinical recommendations for treating strangles in horses, including a shift away from bacterial culture as the gold standard and new methods for determining disease-free status. The consensus statement also outlines best practices for quarantine, examination, and biosecurity protocols to prevent dise...