Articles tagged with Disease Control
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Isoxazoline drugs have been found to be effective against various disease vectors including multiple mosquito and sand fly genera. A single dose of less than 500 mg could yield insecticidal plasma concentrations for at least 2 months, suggesting potential use in controlling vector-borne diseases.
A simple sampling method using swabs from environmental surfaces has been shown to detect viral genetic material in foot and mouth disease outbreaks. This method can be easily performed by smallholder farmers without clinical expertise, providing an effective tool for early detection.
Two new studies highlight the critical need for evaluating and updating standards for infection preventionist (IP) staffing levels, citing severe gaps in staffing and outdated coverage benchmarks. The studies found that actual IP labor needs are 31-66% higher than current benchmarks, indicating a greater need for IP oversight.
A large-scale genomic study found that nearly 80% of cholera transmission in Dhaka occurred between people sharing a household. Preventing this spread could significantly reduce outbreaks and save lives. Local interventions such as sanitation and hygiene improvements can help break the chain of transmission.
A new study suggests that different vector control strategies are needed depending on when Chikungunya cases are notified, with optimal response strategies varying between late spring/summer and fall/colder seasons. The research provides useful indications for public health authorities to respond to emerging mosquito-borne epidemics.
Researchers have found that invasive Aedes mosquitoes in California are capable of transmitting the Zika virus, a significant global health threat. The study involved infecting various mosquito species with three different strains of ZIKV and found that up to 90% of infected Aedes mosquitoes transmitted the virus.
A new study reveals children's immune systems can control infections and prevent sepsis, a disease responsible for more UK deaths than cancer combined. The research identifies key responses in children's cells that help them ward off severe infections.
A new UM study reveals that ornamental bromeliad plants contribute to the breeding of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, a key culprit behind vector-borne diseases like Zika. The study found that water retained in bromeliads' leaf axils becomes breeding sites for mosquitoes.
Recent outbreaks of measles and mumps have demonstrated the importance of integrated infection prevention response. Studies show that standard patient and visitor messaging, active surveillance, and timely initiation of precautions can effectively control outbreaks. Vaccination rates were also critical in stemming the outbreak, with a ...
A new study highlights the importance of educating nurses about antimicrobial stewardship and obtaining their buy-in to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). The research found that nurse participation leads to closer team coordination, cross-discipline collaboration, and ultimately saves lives.
A new study identifies significant challenges in infection prevention and control practices at critical access hospitals (CAHs), with gaps found in all domains. The study recommends increased staffing, competency-based training programs, and audits to improve patient safety.
A study published in Radiology found that children with chronic kidney disease exhibit increased cerebral blood flow compared to healthy controls. This may indicate compensatory hyperactivity or disturbances in blood flow regulation, potentially leading to white matter injury and cognitive problems.
An observational study tracking over 100000 men and women found that job strain is associated with a higher risk of premature death in men with coronary heart disease, stroke, or diabetes. Despite achieving treatment targets, men experiencing job strain had a 68% greater risk of death compared to those with no job strain.
Immunocompromised patients with sepsis are more likely to die if treated in a hospital caring for a relatively small number of these patients. Hospitals that treat large numbers of immunosuppressed patients with sepsis may improve outcomes, study results suggest.
A new CDC study reveals that permethrin-treated clothing is effective in repelling disease-carrying ticks, with the insects experiencing sluggish movement after contact. The study found strong toxic effects on three primary tick species, including blacklegged and lone star ticks.
A new environmental monitoring project has found increased numbers of deer ticks carrying Lyme disease in Southern Indiana. The IU Environmental Resilience Institute and Prepared for Environmental Change Grand Challenge launched a project to analyze ticks and mosquitoes for diseases that are dangerous to people.
A new automated system has been developed to identify patients at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia, outperforming traditional manual surveillance methods. The system uses an algorithm to analyze electronic health records and was found to be 100% accurate in detecting ventilator-associated events.
A genomic approach has mapped antibiotic resistance in gonorrhoea throughout Europe, enabling accurate determination of resistance and identification of incorrect laboratory test results. The study established an open genomic database, supporting real-time surveillance of gonorrhoea worldwide.
Researchers characterized mEAK-7, a human equivalent of EAK-7, which regulates cell growth and development. The study found that mEAK-7 activates an alternative pathway in cells, potentially controlling disease progression. Disrupting this process could lead to new therapies for cancer and other diseases.
Scientists have developed a statistical framework to predict chikungunya and Zika outbreaks based on dengue fever 'hot spots'. The analysis used eight years of data from Merida, Mexico, and showed that people living in these hot spots had twice the rate of infection as those outside.
Researchers at McGill University Health Centre discovered that having excessive T cells can cause harm and imbalance disease tolerance, leading to tissue damage. The study found that a protein called cyclophilin D acts as a key checkpoint for T cell activation, controlling the body's ability to tolerate Mtb infection.
Researchers report that expanding community-level control programs for soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) can reach more children than traditional school-based programs. In a pilot study, community-based deworming and water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions showed a 58% reduction in STH infections among participating children.
A pioneering paper provides a practical guide for infection control in clinics, emphasizing the importance of hand hygiene, injection safety, cleaning, sterilization, and high-level disinfection. The guide promotes a proactive approach to infection prevention and control, empowering patients to hold healthcare providers accountable.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum München have identified 16 virus structures that can be attacked by killer T cells, which could lead to new therapies for immunocompromised individuals and patients with autoimmune diseases. The researchers discovered these targets using an algorithm and verified them in a large group of patients.
Researchers developed a new colour-coded visual tool, IRIS, to measure hospital compliance with guidelines and improve infection control. The tool improved hand hygiene compliance in five Dutch wards but had limited impact on antibiotic use.
A single foodborne outbreak could cost a restaurant millions of dollars in lost revenue, fines, lawsuits, legal fees, insurance premium increases, inspection costs and staff retraining. Foodborne illness outbreaks can have large, reverberating consequences regardless of the size of the restaurant.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have created a web-based tool to integrate control measures for co-endemic diseases like schistosomiasis and malaria. The tool allows users to assess the outcome of combining control measures based on local conditions and political constraints.
Researchers have developed a web-based application to help on-the-ground decision making about integrating malaria and schistosomiasis control programs. The app models the impact of integrated treatment plans, providing insights into the most effective approaches.
Researchers tracked Aedes mosquito invasions in Panama, finding evidence of multiple invasions via land and sea. The study revealed high genetic diversity in central Panama, suggesting transport networks facilitate the mixing of different molecular lineages.
Anti-tumor necrosis factor medications like certolizumab pegol show a low rate of major congenital malformations and similar live birth rates to the general population. These findings support continued treatment with anti-TNFs for women with chronic inflammatory diseases during pregnancy
A study published in The Journal of the American Dental Association found that adults with diabetes are consistently the least likely to obtain oral healthcare. Regular dental check-ups can help prevent complications from diabetes and maintain good oral health.
Infection prevention and control (IPC) and antibiotic stewardship (AS) programs are intrinsically linked to achieve patient safety. Implementing both IPC and AS measures together is more effective than AS measures alone.
Obesity and severe obesity have increased among US adults from 2007-2008 to 2015-2016, while rates among youth remained stable. The study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to track these trends.
Research examines subgingival virome in periodontal health and disease, finding lower virus levels in healthy controls compared to diseased subjects. The dominant viruses were members of the Herpes Simplex family, with gram-negative phages predominating in diseases.
Researchers use ordinary differential equation-based model to calculate effective method of introducing Wolbachia to wild mosquitoes, reducing spread of life-threatening diseases. The two-sex model accounts for aquatic life stage, heterosexual transmission, and multiple pregnant states, capturing entire transmission cycle.
The new guidelines provide updated clinical recommendations for treating strangles in horses, including a shift away from bacterial culture as the gold standard and new methods for determining disease-free status. The consensus statement also outlines best practices for quarantine, examination, and biosecurity protocols to prevent dise...
Researchers at the University of Nevada, Reno have successfully developed the world's first transgenic ticks to combat tick-borne diseases like Lyme disease. By disrupting insulin signaling in ticks, the scientists aim to better understand pathogen interactions and develop new vector control targets.
A new study found that adolescents with sexual orientation discordance are 70% more likely to experience suicidal ideas or attempts compared to those with concordant orientations. This association remains even after controlling for other factors, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to support youth.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that resistance to azithromycin and ceftriaxone in China is increasing, threatening the effectiveness of dual therapy for gonorrhea treatment. The prevalence of dual resistance rose from 1.9% in 2013 to 3.3% in 2016.
Researchers at NYU School of Medicine developed a community-based health program that achieved significant control of Type 2 diabetes in a high-risk population. After six months, over 55% of participants in the intervention group had blood sugar levels under seven percent.
Exposing the gut to chlamydia provides robust protection against subsequent genital tract and other tissue infections, according to a study published in Infection and Immunity. The discovery has significant vaccine implications for preventing genital chlamydia, particularly among young people.
Researchers found that mosquitoes associate odors with unpleasant mechanical shocks, leading them to avoid those scents. The insects' ability to process and learn from odor information relies on dopamine in the brain.
Researchers discovered a connection between genetic tRNA fragments in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and their ability to spread dengue fever and other diseases. This finding could lead to targeted approaches to controlling mosquito populations and preventing disease transmission.
Scientists at the University of Birmingham and other institutions have identified 902 genes related to blood feeding and 478 genes linked to non-blood feeding in the mosquito Wyeomyia smithii. The goal is to isolate universal non-biting genes that could be manipulated to control vector-borne diseases.
The new guidelines aim to improve hospital policies and reduce the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Hospitals are advised to weigh factors such as patient characteristics and time elapsed since last positive culture to determine contact precautions duration.
Researchers have mapped podoconiosis in Cameroon, a neglected tropical disease causing leg swelling, with an overall prevalence of 0.5%. The study suggests a nationwide distribution, highlighting the need for prevention and control strategies to beat this disabling disease.
The PLOS Medicine collection addresses diverse topics in the field of STI prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Researchers investigate vaccine development, online testing services, healthcare provider perspectives, and antibiotic shortages.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have shed light on the molecular mechanisms behind ALS by studying the depletion of protein TDP-43. The study found that TDP-43 binds to U6 snRNA, stabilizing it, which leads to its degradation and eventual cell death. This discovery may lead to ways to slow or stop neuronal cell death in ALS patients.
Researchers found that Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes exhibited reduced dengue virus transmission potential by up to 50% compared to uninfected mosquitoes. Laboratory conditions underestimated this effect, suggesting improved vaccines and disease management approaches are needed.
Lobachevsky University scientists find that moderate temperature increase induces small electrical responses in plant leaves. These responses are observed even at lower temperatures, suggesting a possible natural occurrence under field conditions. The research opens prospects for controlling plant resistance to high temperatures by reg...
Researchers successfully used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to disable a defective gene causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in mice, extending their lifespan by 25% and delaying the onset of muscle-wasting symptoms. The therapy targeted motor neurons, allowing for rescue of these critical cells and enabling improved muscle function.
The journal Bioelectronics in Medicine explores the innovative field of bioelectronic neural prostheses, aiming to revolutionize healthcare. The first issue features articles on vagus nerve stimulation, neuromodulation, and peripheral nerves, among others.
A randomized clinical trial found that high-intensity exercise three times a week slows worsening of Parkinson's symptoms, while moderate intensity workouts have no effect. The study suggests that high-intensity exercise may be an effective treatment for delaying disease progression.
Researchers identified Nef MY9 and Pol IY11 as immunodominant epitopes for HLA-C*12:02 haplotype, showing its ability to supplement HLA-B's control over HIV-1 replication in infected individuals. The study adds knowledge to the AIDS research puzzle, highlighting a potential protective mechanism against the virus.
A national collaborative program helped nursing homes improve infection prevention practices, leading to a 54% reduction in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The AHRQ Safety Program empowered IPs to support practice changes and instilled a robust resident-safety culture.
A recent conference report identifies knowledge gaps in bladder control, including the impact of aging and disease on urinary control. The report emphasizes the need for better treatments, person-centered care, and behavioral therapy to address this prevalent condition.
The Human Vaccines Project has reported high-level outcomes from two concurrent clinical studies aimed at deciphering the components and mechanisms of human immunity. The findings may provide important new insights into human immunity, which will be leveraged to launch expanded studies in 2018.
The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America published a new guidance document for hospitals to respond to infectious disease outbreaks. The document emphasizes the role of healthcare epidemiologists in emergency preparedness and response, providing medical and technical expertise and leading infection prevention efforts.
Emergency department visits for nonfatal self-inflicted injuries increased significantly among young US females between 2001 and 2015. The rates of these visits rose by 18.8% annually among girls aged 10-14 from 2009 to 2015.
A study of 2,908 participants found no change in glycemic control among people with diabetes in the US between 1998-2010 and 2007-2014. Despite an increase in awareness and testing for HbA1c levels, there was no significant improvement in glycemic control during this period.