Articles tagged with Helper T Cells
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists discovered that intermittent dosing of PI3Kδ inhibitors can reduce toxicity while maintaining anti-tumor immunity in patients with head and neck cancers. This finding holds promise for improving treatment outcomes and saving lives.
A study found that excessive sugar consumption can promote inflammation and autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease and type 1 diabetes. Researchers identified GLUT3, a glucose transporter, as a key player in this process, and proposed blocking its activity to mitigate inflammatory responses.
A new study found that follicular T cells help balance out antibody diversity and affinity after COVID-19 vaccination. Deleting specific cell types altered the immune response, providing insights into strategies to enhance vaccine effectiveness later in life.
A new study from the La Jolla Institute for Immunology reveals that two groups of regulatory CD4+ T cells develop at different times to combat acute inflammation. The early Tregs reduce autoimmune damage, while the second wave shuts down the entire immune response to signal infection clearance.
Researchers discovered two patients with CAR T cell therapy achieved the longest-known remission to date, providing new details about treatment effects and outcomes. The study shows that the infused CAR T cells remained detectable for at least a decade, with sustained remission in both patients.
Researchers have discovered that a bacteria-fighting mechanism in the immune system, NETs, can manipulate beneficial Th17 cells into harmful autoimmune responders. This finding opens doors to developing targeted therapies for multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions.
Four MUSC Hollings Cancer Center researchers received American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grants worth $35,000 each. The grants support promising projects that aim to push cancer care forward. Researchers are working on various innovative projects, including a digital literacy training program for community health workers an...
A study published in Cell Reports reveals that LPS protects against developing asthma when combined with allergens containing cysteine protease enzymatic activity, but promotes development when paired with allergens lacking this enzyme. This protective effect relies on the production of GM-CSF by non-classical monocytes.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology identified Th1* cells as a key marker in the body's immune signature following BCG vaccination. The study found that these cells respond well to the vaccine and can help fight the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium that causes TB.
Alphataxin, a small-molecule drug, has been shown to significantly suppress tumor growth in mouse models of kidney cancer, including those with lung metastasis. The treatment also increased the formation of CD4+ T cells, which is essential for the immune system's ability to kill tumor cells.
Researchers found that adding a specific bacterium to the gut microbiome of mice with colon cancer increased immune cell activity and reduced tumor size. The study suggests leveraging gut microbiota to enhance anti-tumor immunity in advanced colon cancer, offering a promising new approach for treatment.
A recent study at Tampere University discovered that the expression of an allergy-related receptor chain for proinflammatory IL-13 cytokine protects against experimental skin cancer. The absence of this receptor led to increased regulatory T cells and a suppressed immune response, allowing cancer cells to grow and form tumors.
Researchers discovered that a specialized form of vitamin D can reduce inflammation caused by T cells in lung cells, which may be relevant to severe COVID-19. The study suggests that adding this concentrated intravenous metabolite to existing treatments could help patients recover from COVID infections.
A researcher at MUSC's Hollings Cancer Center is developing 'living drugs' by precision-engineering CAR Tregs to treat autoimmune diseases. The CAR Tregs can delay or reduce damaging inflammation, offering a potential solution for conditions like Type 1 diabetes.
Researchers found that CD4+ T lymphocytes — immune system cells — produced by people who received COVID-19 vaccines persisted at high levels six months after vaccination, with a significant response against the delta variant. The study also showed that vaccine-elicited fighters recognize and help attack coronavirus delta variant.
Scientists have reversed new-onset type 1 diabetes in mice by injecting pyramid-like DNA molecules called tFNAs, which increased regulatory T cells and protected pancreatic β-cells. The treatment is one of the most promising candidates for type 1 diabetes immunotherapy.
Researchers found that optimizing energy metabolism through autophagy can improve the immune system response in HIV-affected cells, providing a potential therapeutic approach. This metabolic optimization enables CD4 lymphocytes to better defend against HIV-1 by secreting IL-21, a key protein in defense against the virus.
Researchers at Kyoto University have identified Tox2 as a crucial regulator of T follicular helper cells (TFH), which produce high-affinity antibodies. The study found that Tox2 promotes the long-term survival and functional maintenance of TFH cells, enabling potent and durable antibody responses in vaccines.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Immunology found that opioids can control gut immune responses, reduce colonic inflammation, and even promote the growth of regulatory T cells. The findings suggest that KNT-127 could be a promising therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers found that prior exposure to common cold coronaviruses boosts the body's immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with cross-reactive T cells recognized by the immune system. The study's findings suggest a protective effect against severe disease and improved vaccine efficacy in younger individuals.
Studies on mice and septic patients show that a specific B lymphocyte subpopulation produces large amounts of CD39, leading to increased adenosine levels and reduced macrophage activity. This results in heightened susceptibility to opportunistic infections, with survivors experiencing a sevenfold higher risk of severe infections.
A new study reveals that high-grade gliomas in dogs contain more immune cells associated with suppressing immune response than low-grade gliomas. The findings suggest that these brain tumors may recruit cells to aid in immunosuppression, which could lead to improved immunotherapies for both humans and dogs.
Scientists investigated a method to enhance immunotherapy for lung cancer and found that combining it with certain chemotherapy drugs could eliminate harmful immune cells. This approach showed promising results in preclinical studies, inducing the regression of about 70% of tumors.
Scientists have discovered a way to restrict the activity of Tregs, which regulate the immune system and prevent it from attacking healthy cells. Inhibition of PIP4K enzymes in Tregs allows Teff cells to function more effectively, leading to better cancer treatment outcomes.
Researchers identified molecular markers to purify unstable regulatory T cells, which can switch from protective to damaging function. Exposing these cells to a destabilizing environment also removes the unstable cells, leaving behind stable regulatory T cells for therapeutic use.
Scientists at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered that Vitamin C and TET proteins can work together to generate stable induced Tregs, which could potentially treat autoimmune diseases. The study reveals an intriguing connection between TET enzymatic activity, Vitamin C and IL-2/STAT5 signaling.
Researchers discovered Piezo1 selectively restrains Treg cells, limiting their potential to mitigate autoimmune neuroinflammation. Inhibiting Piezo1 could lead to new treatments for neuroinflammatory disorders like MS.
Researchers discovered fundamental differences in T-cell responses between patients who recover from and die from severe COVID-19. They found that dying patients harbor more lung-homing T cells, which contribute to extensive lung deterioration, while survivors have a growing number of Th1 T cells, important fighters of viral infection.
A research team from POSTECH and ImmunoBiome Inc. discovered a yeast-derived polysaccharide mixture that selectively suppresses inflammatory T-cells and induces regulatory T-cells with anti-inflammatory function. The study found that MGCP, the novel polysaccharide, effectively inhibits inflammatory diseases without major side effects.
A research team at Harvard's Wyss Institute has developed a new approach to treat Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy using nanoparticle-based anti-inflammatory cytokines. Locally applied nanoparticles improve muscle functions and boost the numbers of infiltrating anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells, leading to stronger muscles.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers discovered that a subset of white blood cells, known as CD4+ T cells, reside in moles and can be activated to attack melanoma. This approach could potentially broaden the body's antitumor response and overcome current cancer immunotherapies.
Researchers found that space travel perturbs human physiology, leading to weaker immune responses and increased susceptibility to infections. The study suggests that T regulator cells (Tregs) play a key role in the weakening of an astronaut's immune system during space travel.
Researchers identified a key mechanism in which tumor microenvironment induces an anti-inflammatory phenotype, promoting tumor growth. The vitamin D signaling pathway plays a crucial role in this process.
Researchers discovered that a population of regulatory T cells serve as tissue repair engineers to promote functional recovery after stroke. Boosting these cells improved behavioral and cognitive functions in mice for weeks after a stroke, pointing to potential immunotherapy.
A new study by University of Tsukuba researchers reveals how two receptors, DNAM-1 and TIGIT, maintain the necessary balance between immune activation and suppression to prevent autoimmune diseases. The findings suggest that an imbalance in this mechanism may contribute to autoimmunity, providing potential targets for treatment.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a strategy to reprogram regulatory T cells in the brain to attack glioblastoma tumors. By targeting a specific receptor on these cells, they can convert them into tumor-fighting immune cells, offering a possible solution to overcome resistance to immunotherapy.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine discover that widely used diabetes drug metformin suppresses HIV replication in immune cells by inhibiting a key process in their production of chemical energy. This finding suggests that metformin and other drugs reducing T cell metabolism might be useful as adjunct therapies for treating HIV.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have discovered a mechanism that tumors use to switch on protective regulatory T cells, raising the potential for drug treatments that render tumors more vulnerable to cancer immunotherapy. The researchers showed that blocking tumor-associated regulatory T cell activity eliminated tu...
Scientists have identified tissue-resident memory-like Th17 cells (Trm17) as a key player in the development of hyperinflammation and lung injury in severe COVID-19. These cells produce inflammatory molecules like GM-CSF, which correlates with disease severity.
Researchers discovered that tumors with low glycolysis levels respond better to CTLA-4 blockade, which destabilizes and reprograms regulatory T cells. This approach aims to personalize anti-CTLA-4 therapy for patients with these tumors.
The study found that LXR activation inhibits the production of chemokines Ccl17 and Ccl22, which recruit regulatory T lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment. This leads to a decrease in Treg numbers and slower tumor growth.
A study found that trophoblastic β1-glycoproteins in pregnant women's blood suppress pro-inflammatory immune cells and reduce inflammation. The substance may help prevent pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers have identified a key function of AIM2, a molecule that plays a vital role in regulating the adaptive immune system. The study reveals that AIM2 is expressed at higher levels in regulatory T cells, which prevent overzealous immune responses and mitigate autoimmune diseases.
Researchers found that rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed protective immune responses, including the production of antibodies and Th1 cells. These findings suggest that vaccines inducing durable protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may stimulate robust germinal center responses.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a link between gut disease and brain injury in premature infants. The study found that an immune system cell called CD4+ T cells travels from the gut to the brain and attacks healthy cells, leading to severe brain injury.
A study found that the thymus produces specialized cells called 'Tregs' during pregnancy to deal with physiological changes. RANK, a receptor expressed in the thymus epithelium, is the key molecule behind this mechanism.
Researchers found that the thymus produces Tregs specialized in dealing with physiological changes during pregnancy, preventing miscarriages. The study also shows that a deficiency of these cells leads to gestational diabetes and long-lasting effects on offspring.
Researchers determined the function of IL-15L using rainbow trout, finding it stimulates type 2 immunity by inducing cytokine IL-4 and IL-13. In contrast, trout IL-15 selectively induces type 1 immunity through interferon-g expression.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified how metabolic signaling pathways influence key immune cells, including eTreg cells. Understanding this regulation may aid in developing more specific drugs to target these pathways and treat diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.
Researchers have developed a new approach to generate T-cells faster, using polarized Th17 cells that can effectively eradicate tumors in just four days. This breakthrough has immediate clinical implications, offering a potentially long-lived and effective therapy for patients with advanced solid tumors.
A study led by George Hajishengallis found that targeting the DEL-1 molecule could be an effective way to treat inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. The researchers discovered that DEL-1 promotes the generation and immunosuppressive activity of regulatory T cells, which are crucial in maintaining health.
Researchers at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and Philochem AG describe four novel formats for L19-IL2 fusion proteins, featuring different arrangements of antibody and IL2, which exhibit superior tumor-targeting properties in vivo. The new format also reduces activation of regulatory T cells.
Researchers at the University of Chicago have designed a new therapy for multiple sclerosis by fusing a cytokine to a blood protein. This combination prevented destructive immune cells from infiltrating the central nervous system and decreased MS development, leading to fewer symptoms and disease prevention.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have mapped the genetic networks that control regulatory T cells, which act as a brake to suppress immune reactions. The findings could lead to therapies that strengthen or weaken the function of these cells to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers discovered how regulatory T cells limit damage in the spinal cord and prevent autoimmunity, enabling partial recovery from paralysis. The study highlights Th17 and Treg cell interactions and provides insights into MS pathophysiology.
Researchers found that UVB exposure expands regulatory T cells expressing proenkephalin and amphiregulin, promoting wound healing and keratinocyte growth. These PENK+UVB-skin Treg cells have a novel therapeutic potential for treating psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
Scientists at UCL have discovered new biomarkers that can identify people with Type 1 diabetes who are likely to respond to the immunotherapy drug Abatacept. The study found that certain immune cells, known as 'follicular helper T cells', play a key role in the disease.
A new study reveals that certain T lymphocytes can increase inflammation and worsen atherosclerosis cases, contrary to their usual role as immune system defenders. Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology are working to design a safe anti-atherosclerosis vaccine by harnessing the power of T cells.
Researchers found that blocking IL-17A increases the presence of other inflammatory molecules produced by Th17 cells, immune cells involved in neuroinflammation. The study suggests a combination approach involving both IL-17A and IL-24 may be more effective in treating autoimmune disorders of the nervous system.
Scientists at Salk Institute have identified a key gene that modifies regulatory T cells, fine-tuning the immune response. By controlling these cells, they may be able to treat both cancer and autoimmune diseases.