Articles tagged with Epithelial Cells
A high-fat diet causes inflammation and damages intestinal epithelial cells, leading to the growth of harmful microbes and increased production of trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with cardiovascular disease. Researchers found that restoring intestinal function with a drug can blunt this effect.
Researchers at Skoltech have discovered structures called apical bulkheads in liver cells that are responsible for the narrow shape of bile canaliculi. The discovery reveals a key role for the Rab35 protein in regulating hepatocyte lumina formation and suggests potential avenues for medical applications in fatty liver disease and fibrosis
A team of scientists at the University of Tsukuba created a computer simulation that models the Delta-Notch signaling pathway in biliary cell differentiation. The study reveals the importance of fine-grained differentiation and proper development, dependent on the rates of production of Delta ligands and Notch receptors.
Researchers discovered a protective mechanism where dying cells activate the EGFR-ERK pathway in neighboring cells, preventing simultaneous cell death. This mechanism ensures tissue integrity and connectivity.
Scientists at the University of Helsinki discovered that ECM protein Lama5 guides the growth and differentiation of epithelial cells in breast tissue, especially during pregnancy. The production of Lama5 strengthens the functionality of hormone-sensitive cells, allowing them to relay signals and support tissue growth.
Researchers at Newcastle University have successfully created a model of lung cells using induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be used to replicate how COVID-19 infects the airways. The model has shown that it is capable of secreting mucus and being infected by SARS-CoV-2, paving the way for broader studies on viral lung infections.
Scientists at UC Santa Barbara and Regenerative Patch Technologies have developed a new cryopreservation method for stem cell-based therapy for age-related macular degeneration. The method allows for long-term storage and distribution of the implant, extending shelf life and increasing accessibility to patients.
The device was used to culture two maternal endometrial cell types, revealing the effects of glucose and insulin level alterations on uterine environment. High levels of glucose altered protein expression and secretion, while insulin changes triggered quantitative changes in protein secretion without significant gene transcription.
A new resource provides a cellular and spatial map of the choroid plexus, revealing its constituent cell types, gene expression profiles, and molecular makeup. The atlas shows differences in tissue architecture, immune activity, and vascular arrangement across different life stages, offering insights into brain development and immunity.
Researchers develop non-invasive tool to assess oral keratinocyte quality, correlating cell motion speed with regenerative capacity and proliferation potential. The cells/colony motion index makes a reliable quality control tool for engineered cells used in regenerative medicine.
Researchers at EPFL found that certain progestins in hormonal contraceptives can stimulate cell proliferation in the breast, while others do not. This suggests that informed choices about contraceptive composition may help prevent breast cancer risk.
Researchers at Penn Medicine discovered a new mechanism of lung tissue regeneration in infant lungs, where alveolar type 1 cells reprogram into alveolar type 2 cells after injury. This finding could impact the development of regenerative lung therapies and explain why COVID-19 affects children differently than adults.
Epithelial cells line organs and tissues, using two languages to communicate with neighboring cells. The discovery could help understand cancer spread and develop new treatments.
Damage to the epithelial barrier is responsible for a wide range of chronic diseases, including allergies, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Research suggests that environmental toxins and pollutants play a significant role in causing these disruptions, emphasizing the need for prevention and intervention strategies.
Researchers at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital found that eosinophils modify the respiratory barrier during influenza A infection, helping to protect the airway. The study also suggests a potential antiviral role for eosinophils in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infections.
Researchers at Uppsala University discovered that the surface layer of the intestinal mucosa can contract in response to bacterial attack, preventing damage and promoting healing. This finding offers a potential solution to treating bacterial gut infections, which affect hundreds of millions worldwide.
Scientists found that epithelial cells loosen connections at three-cell junctions, allowing yolk proteins to enter egg cells. The process involves the removal of adhesion proteins and mechanical tension in the cytoskeleton.
Researchers found that a combination of ruxolitinib and remdesivir can normalize the production of complement proteins in lung epithelial cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. This highlights a promising strategy to treat damaging inflammation during severe COVID-19.
Researchers successfully transformed oral epithelial cell rests of Malassez into progenitor stem-like cells, which were then directly differentiated into endothelial, mesenchymal stem, and osteogenic cells. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new periodontal regenerative therapies.
Scientists have identified unique infection patterns used by four Candida species, which cause 90% of candidiasis cases. The study reveals that human vaginal epithelial cells respond similarly to different species, with their response modulated according to the severity of the infection.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding how cancer cells communicate to spread, a key step in metastasis. By targeting the VEGF-C protein, they aim to slow down or stop metastatic growth, providing new hope for treating fatal diseases.
Researchers at Max Delbréck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association have made significant findings on the role of chromatin modulators in tumor cell identity changes. By using a combination of CRISPR and molecular reporter technology, they found that chromatin proteins significantly influence how tumor cells change t...
Researchers discovered that epithelial cells in developing embryos can recognize and destroy defective cells through a process called epithelial phagocytosis. This early immune response may aid efforts to understand embryonic developmental failure and lead to new clinical applications in treating infertility.
A research team at Pohang University of Science & Technology has uncovered the mechanism for regulating T cell differentiation via intestinal epithelial cells. This finding highlights the importance of intestinal immune homeostasis and suggests a new role for PD-1 signaling in CD4+ T cell differentiation into intraepithelial lymphocytes.
The study found PD-1 lymphocytes more frequent in high-grade anal dysplastic lesions and CD8 lymphocytes in HSIL versus LSIL. The presence of PD-L1 epithelial cells showed no difference between high and low-grade lesions.
Researchers at University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine discovered that gut cells lining intestines send warning signals to the immune system upon parasite invasion. The discovery sheds light on early stages of pathogen recognition and response.
Researchers at Tohoku University found that a protein called Toll-1 plays a key role in regulating cell adhesion and sorting during fruit fly development. This process helps maintain the boundaries between different cell populations and ensures proper tissue formation.
Researchers will develop a human, three-dimensional model system for IPF using induced pluripotent stem cells to better understand its mechanisms. The study aims to provide insights into the development of IPF and potential new treatments.
Researchers successfully rebuilt a whole functioning human thymus from human stem cells and bioengineered scaffolds. The breakthrough could lead to new techniques for growing artificial organs and treating severe immune deficiencies.
A study by University of Cambridge researchers found specific cell functions reactivated in the gut of children with Crohn's Disease. The research provides insight into fundamental molecular mechanisms of human gut development and may lead to childhood-specific treatments.
A new lung-on-chip model has provided insight into the body's response to early tuberculosis infection. The study revealed that alveolar epithelial cells play a crucial role in controlling bacterial growth by producing surfactant, which reduces surface tension and prevents uncontrolled bacterial growth.
Biomedical researchers at Georgia State University have identified a novel method for eradicating rotavirus and other viral infections using interleukin-18 and interleukin-22. The study shows that these cytokines can rapidly and completely eliminate viruses from intestinal epithelial cells, even in compromised immune systems.
Researchers at University of Cincinnati discover sphingosine, a natural element, can interfere with SARS-CoV-2 binding to human cells, preventing infection. The study suggests sphingosine could be used as a nasal spray to prevent or treat COVID-19.
A UC Riverside-led study found that the drug tofacitinib can repair permeability defects in the intestine caused by overactive immune cells. The study suggests that patients with a specific gene mutation may have a better response to this drug, improving targeting of treatments.
This observational study examines survival rates and chemotherapy use before surgery in US women with advanced ovarian cancer between 2004-2016. The study found improvements in treatment and survival rates over time, with more patients receiving chemotherapy before surgery.
The UNC School of Medicine lab generated high-powered microscopic images showing startlingly high SARS-CoV-2 viral loads on human respiratory surfaces. These images illustrate the incredibly high number of virions produced and released per cell inside the human respiratory system, making a strong case for mask use to limit transmission.
A team of researchers has discovered the crucial role of two proteins, Anakonda and M6, in maintaining a functional barrier at tricellular junctions. The study found that the M6 protein anchors the Anakonda protein to the cell membrane, preventing it from being destabilized and allowing for the formation of a stable epithelial barrier.
Research found that cancer cells losing 'stickiness' allows them to move freely, but dense environments can still hold them back. This contradicts previous understanding of cell movement in cancer development.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University identified a critical role of interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF2) in maintaining the stemness of intestinal stem cells. IRF2-deficient mice exhibited impaired regenerative responses, highlighting its importance in preserving intestinal stem cell function.
A groundbreaking study published in Science Advances has identified five unique cell types associated with lung fibrosis, including a pro-fibrotic epithelial cell that drives the disease. The research also reveals high plasticity in lung cells, allowing them to transform into different types under certain conditions.
Researchers discovered two possible mechanisms that drive varying degrees of susceptibility and resistance to EMT, a key process in cancer metastasis and therapy resistance. The study's findings suggest that epigenetic feedback and stochastic partitioning during cell division contribute to this resistance.
Researchers created miniature gut organoids that demonstrate segment-specific gene activity patterns and immune binding sites, shedding light on the causes of inflammatory diseases. These findings have implications for understanding cancer development and human disease.
A simple epithelium modelled as a layer of interconnected polyhedra reveals an inherent mechanical instability that leads to cell extrusion. Small changes in density or topology can trigger extrusion without additional forces, generating forces within the layer that direct further extrusions.
A study by the Dresden research team discovered the essential role of the SETDB1 protein in regulating heterochromatin formation and preventing inflammation in the intestinal epithelium. The findings suggest that mutations in this gene may contribute to intestinal inflammation in humans, particularly in inflammatory bowel diseases.
A new UC Riverside study aims to identify the mechanisms by which the PTPN2 gene regulates immune interactions between macrophages and epithelial cells. The research could lead to fundamental insights into how loss-of-function mutations contribute to autoimmune diseases like IBD.
A new imaging method detects metabolic and structural changes in cervical epithelial cells using intrinsic fluorescence, enabling early-stage bedside diagnosis. This non-invasive approach opens up a routine monitoring strategy for patients at high risk of cervical cancer.
Researchers found that RNAi machinery primarily localizes at apical adherens junctions in healthy colon cells but becomes mis-localized in colon cancer. This localization plays a crucial role in maintaining epithelial homeostasis, with restoration of the RNAi machinery potentially serving as a brake on tumor progression.
Researchers used organoid models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in human intestinal cells. The results show that the intestines are a target organ for the virus, contributing to gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
Researchers discovered that the loss of NEDD4-2 protein leads to impaired mucociliary clearance and dysregulation of the TGF? signaling pathway, contributing to pulmonary fibrosis progression. The study provides a novel animal model for IPF research, enabling further investigation of disease mechanisms and development of new treatments.
Scientists at Osaka University have developed a new method to isolate and generate human corneal tissue from induced pluripotent stem cells. By using specific proteins and magnetic-activated cell sorting technology, researchers were able to purify corneal epithelial cells and produce highly pure corneal sheets for therapeutic purposes.
Cells in vulnerable entry routes to bacterial infection buffer themselves when immune system detects danger by reorganizing surface cholesterol. This defense mechanism, identified by UTSW researchers, could offer new strategies for fighting infections without antibiotics.
Research at the University of Helsinki reveals that extracellular forces play a significant role in maintaining epithelial cell connections. The study found that mechanical tension activates an intracellular signalling pathway, driving the formation of actomyosin structures.
A species of lipid DOPG has been found to aid healing of scratches on the cornea, even in humans with diabetes. The lipid stimulates cell growth and inhibits toll-like receptor activation, paving the way for potential clinical trials and treatment protocols.
A recent study at Massachusetts General Hospital has uncovered evidence of fimbriae that aid adherence to epithelial cells, an important step in the start of a shigellosis infection. The research team used in vivo-like culture methods and human intestinal organoids to confirm their findings.
Researchers at UC Riverside found that the drug tofacitinib repairs permeability defects in the gut's epithelium, reducing inflammation and improving mucosal healing. The study is the first to show the direct effect of tofacitinib on intestinal epithelial cell functions.
Researchers at the University of Eastern Finland have developed two new cell models that can mimic the blood-retinal barrier, a key regulator of drug delivery to the eye. The models, continuously growing retinal pigment epithelial cells, can be re-pigmented with melanin and studied for drug accumulation in greater detail.
Researchers found that space travel disrupts intestinal epithelial cell barrier function even after return to Earth. The microgravity environment weakens the immune system and increases gastrointestinal permeability.
The study evaluates the safety of conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells for bioartificial kidney application, demonstrating lack of oncogenic properties and tumorigenic capacity. These cells show promise for clinical application as cell-based renal replacement therapy.
By adding amniotic epithelial cells to pancreatic islet clusters, researchers created more robust
The study found that tumor cells undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) play a key role in metastasis. However, the reverse transition, MET, is occurring at the metastatic site, suggesting that EMT is not always required for metastasis.