Articles tagged with Hippocampal Neurons
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Researchers are using cutting-edge techniques to shed new light on the intricate circuitry behind our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Innovative nanocapsules could improve drug delivery for Autism Spectrum Disorder, while mapping brain circuits with rabies and herpes viruses provides insights into learning and memory.
Bartos' project will examine the functional role of inhibitory nerve cells in forming memory traces and controlling cognitive behavior, a process not yet fully understood.
Researchers have found that older adults can produce thousands of new hippocampal neurons, similar to younger individuals, which may suggest that senior citizens remain more cognitively intact than believed. However, they also had less vascularization and reduced connections between new neurons.
New research from University of California - San Francisco scientists shows that the human hippocampus no longer produces new neurons after childhood. This finding presents a challenge to previous studies suggesting neurogenesis could help treat brain diseases.
Researchers at UC Davis identified SynDIG4 protein as a crucial regulator of synaptic plasticity, enabling the formation and consolidation of new memories. The discovery sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying memory formation and could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for cognitive disorders.
Researchers found that adult-born neurons react to reward-related stimuli, speeding up the connection between sensory information and reward. This discovery suggests that adult neurogenesis plays a crucial role in associative learning processes.
Lobachevsky University scientists discovered that GDNF protects cultures from cell death and maintains network activity during hypoxia. The neurotrophic factor partially negates the consequences of hypoxia by influencing synaptic plasticity.
Researchers observed stem cell divisions in the adult mouse hippocampus for the first time, showing that most stem cells divide only briefly before maturing. This process explains why newborn cells dramatically decline in number with advancing age.
Researchers found that dim light exposure led to significant reductions in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and dendritic spines, impairing learning and memory performance. Bright light exposure, on the other hand, showed improvement in spatial task performance, with full recovery after a break.
Researchers discovered complex patterns of electrical impulses in brain neurons, with repeating rumblings and spikes sustaining activity for hundreds of milliseconds. These findings suggest that neurons may not fire randomly, but rather follow structured rhythms that could influence our understanding of their function.
A new study maps distinct neighborhoods where feelings are assigned to experience in the basolateral amygdala, revealing a region with diverse and dynamic neurons that interact with each other. The findings shed light on how valence assignment works and may provide insights into mental health disorders.
Scientists at UC San Diego report that distinct, sparse sets of hippocampal neurons encode episodic memories, recollections of past events. The findings provide significant insights into the mechanisms of memory and have implications for health-related reasons, including Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers discovered a subset of neurons in bat and rat hippocampi that specifically encode the spatial position of other members of the same species. These findings provide insights into how social animals navigate and interact with each other.
A study by Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School found that brain mutations increase with age, especially in people with genetic premature aging disorders. The researchers detected 'clocklike' mutations that accumulated like clockwork in both brain areas, as well as those linked to oxidative damage and faulty DNA repair.
Researchers found that precise timing patterns of brain activity distinguish between airflow-driven mechanical signals and those generated by odors. This discovery demonstrates the neural code underlying olfaction, revealing how neurons differentiate between air-flow information and odor information.
Researchers discovered that Tau protein interacts with and disrupts cell membranes, forming toxic complexes that induce neuronal toxicity. The complexes are made up of Tau proteins and phospholipids from the membrane, and can be taken up by neurons more readily than the fibril form of the protein.
A study by McMaster University neuroscientists found that even mild trauma from contact sports can disrupt the production of new neurons in the hippocampus, a region critical to memory. Temporary memory losses were observed in concussed athletes, while scores improved after a reprieve from their sport.
Researchers have discovered a long-distance brain circuit that controls the production of new neurons in the hippocampus, a critical area for learning and memory. The circuit, involving the medial septum and PV interneurons, regulates stem cell activity and maintains healthy neurogenesis.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have elucidated the mechanism by which newborn neurons migrate to their target destinations in the olfactory bulb. This process is crucial for maintaining proper neural function and may hold promise for treating brain disorders.
A study by Prof. Dr. Marlene Bartos and her team found that inhibiting circuits in the hippocampus create high-frequency brainwaves that support parallel processing and storage of information, a key mechanism for laying initial traces of memory.
Researchers at MPFI discovered significant regional differences among chandelier cells in the hippocampus and neocortex. Chandelier cells exhibit distinct characteristics, including expanded axonal arbors, increased connections, and differential gene expression.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have identified key molecules involved in regulating brain plasticity and memory. GRIP1, ephrinB2, and ApoER2 are found to interact and regulate AMPA receptor insertion at the synapse, influencing learning and memory.
Researchers at LSU Health Sciences Center have discovered a new class of molecules called elovanoids that synchronize cell-to-cell communication and reduce inflammation in the brain. These novel molecules, made from omega-3 fatty acids, protect neuronal cells and promote their survival.
A study published in eNeuro found that young rats with access to a running wheel showed improved memory later in life. The results suggest that early life interventions that increase physical activity may help build up cognitive reserve, potentially delaying the onset of neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers propose that forgetting is crucial for efficient memory, allowing us to adapt to new situations and generalize past events. By controlling what information we retain and forget, our brains optimize decision-making and prioritize core knowledge.
Researchers at The Ohio State University have discovered that blows to the head can cause small swellings along the length of neuronal axons. This finding provides novel mechanistic insights into the initial stage of a new type of neuronal plasticity in health and disease.
Researchers at UCR have discovered that a specific population of hippocampal neurons project to both the amygdala and mPFC, facilitating coordinated neural activity in these areas. This finding could lead to the development of new therapeutics for reducing pathological fear in PTSD.
A new study published in The FASEB Journal reveals that the plasma membrane protein Efr3a plays a crucial role in regulating learning and memory by promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. This process is essential for learning and memory, and the study provides new insights into its mechanisms.
Studies in mice funded by NIH reveal thalamus sustains ability to distinguish categories and hold thoughts in mind. The structure boosts synchronous activity of PFC neurons to sustain memory of category, improving working memory performance.
Researchers at Osaka University have identified a novel mode of action for an antidepressant activator that functions independently of SSRIs and increases nerve cell growth in the hippocampus. The activator shows faster response times than fluoxetine, offering new hope for patients with depression who do not respond to current medication.
Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute found that neurons can form networks independently of synaptic activity, suggesting genetic programs control neural circuit assembly. These findings were confirmed by a complementary study at the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine.
Researchers have discovered a key peptide called DBI that promotes the production of new neurons in the hippocampus, a region critical for learning and memory. DBI binds to GABA receptors, suppressing its inhibitory effect and allowing neural stem cells to proliferate.
Researchers discovered a neuroprotective compound that reduces brain cell loss and boosts newborn neurons after stroke. The P7C3-A20 compound improves physical balance, coordination, learning, and memory in rats.
Adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus can form connections with cortical neurons through a competitive process, promoting network plasticity. This redistribution of synapses between old and new neurons may disrupt existing memories and contribute to improved information acquisition.
A recent study published in Science found that sleep deprivation impairs the brain's ability to consolidate new memories in mice. The researchers discovered that homeostatic scaling down, a process that weakens synapses, occurs during sleep and is essential for learning and memory formation.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have identified a molecular signal that maintains adult neuron structure in the hippocampus, a region crucial for learning and memory. The study found that reintroducing this protein restored nerve cell structures to some extent, suggesting potential avenues for studying neurodegenerative diseases.
Scientists found that reduced TMEM108 protein expression leads to imprecise communication between neurons, contributing to schizophrenia-like symptoms. Adding AMPA receptor-boosting drug restored healthy spines in mice.
Researchers developed a multiregional brain-on-a-chip to study how diseases impact different regions of the brain. The model characterized differences between neurons from distinct brain regions and mimicked system connectivity.
Researchers have identified a subpopulation of neurons that represent navigational goals in the bat brain. These 'tuners' vary their activity based on the angled directionality of flight paths toward specific locations, suggesting goal-directed memory is essential for navigation.
Researchers found that glial cells experience bigger changes than neurons as people age, with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes shifting their regional gene expression patterns upon aging. The study provides a tool to understand how aging in the brain may be linked to the causes of age-related disorders.
Researchers develop space-division multiplexing optical coherence tomography (SDM-OCT) to image single neurons in live tissue, enabling label-free and depth-resolved images of neural activity. This breakthrough technology could revolutionize brain mapping and provide insights into brain disorders such as Alzheimer's and schizophrenia.
A team of Vanderbilt scientists has developed a bioluminescent sensor that causes brain cells to glow in the dark, enabling researchers to track the interactions within large neural networks. The new technique uses calcium ions to detect neuron activity, offering a powerful tool for studying brain function.
A new study in mice finds that dopamine release from the brain's locus coeruleus region can enhance memory retention. The researchers used optogenetics to activate dopamine-carrying neurons and found a direct, long-lasting synaptic strengthening that improved learning and memory.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School found that selectively overexpressing a transcription factor, Klf9, in older neurons increased the survival of new neurons and improved pattern separation. This led to more precise and stronger memories in mice with increased neurogenesis, particularly in middle age and aging.
Research published in Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience found that seasonal allergies can lead to increased neuron production in the hippocampus, a region responsible for forming new memories. This discovery raises questions about the long-term consequences of allergies on brain development and function.
Exercise increases neurogenesis, a process forming new neurons in the hippocampus, a key brain region for learning and memory. Contrary to earlier findings, these new neurons do not erase previously formed memories.
Researchers have found an interaction between a mutant gene and alpha synuclein in neurons that contributes to Parkinson's disease pathologies. Drugs now under development may block the process by targeting LRRK2 kinase activity.
Research suggests that extra-coding RNAs play a critical role in regulating DNA methylation patterns in the adult brain, particularly in memory formation. By interacting with DNA methyltransferase enzymes, ecRNAs control the addition or removal of methyl groups at precise spots on chromosomal DNA.
Scientists observed real-time formation and evolution of new adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb of mice. Constant structural plasticity in connections between new neurons and neighboring cells was revealed, enabling efficient processing of sensory information.
Researchers identified that West Nile virus may cause long-term neurological problems like memory loss by over-activating the immune system in the brain. The study suggests that intervening in this immune response may help prevent brain damage or aid recovery.
A new neuronal culture system has been developed to study the early stages of prion neurotoxicity, specifically targeting dendritic spines. The research found that prions cause rapid and dramatic changes in spine density, leading to reduced neuron function before actual death.
A team of researchers has found that voltage-gated calcium channels open in unison to allow calcium ions into and activate excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells. This cooperative behavior could lead to improved therapies targeting aberrant calcium channels in malfunctioning cells.
A study by University of Bonn researchers identifies hippocampal astrocytes as key regulators of memory processing, prioritizing new information over stored memories. The discovery sheds light on the cellular causes of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that riluzole reversed key genetic changes associated with Alzheimer's and cognitive decline in rats. The drug restored expression of glutamate-clearing molecules and genes critical for neural communication and plasticity.
Researchers found that the CB2 receptor regulates nerve cell activity in the hippocampus, adjusting communication processes. The discovery could lead to novel medications for schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease.
A new study reveals that a genetic risk factor for five major psychiatric diseases may be linked to the death of newborn brain cells, which can disrupt learning, mood, and anxiety. The researchers found that a compound currently being developed could potentially prevent this cell death and have therapeutic value for these diseases.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute have demonstrated that astrocytes regulate changes in synaptic strength, which is crucial for learning and memory. By examining cultured cells and brain slices, they found that astrocyte activity helps maintain normal variation of synaptic strengths.
A study published in Nature Medicine suggests that brain signals between seizures may be responsible for memory problems in patients with epilepsy. Researchers found that abnormal hippocampal-cortical signaling in both rats and humans with epilepsy tracked closely with the level of memory impairment.
A new study from MIT reveals how two populations of neurons in the amygdala form parallel channels that carry information about pleasant or unpleasant events. The findings suggest that to fully understand how the brain processes emotions, neuroscientists will have to delve deeper into more specific populations.
University of Wisconsin-Madison neuroscientist Xinyu Zhao has identified the genetic machinery that causes maturation in a young nerve cell, revealing four stages of gene activation. The study found hints about the origin of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases and autism, suggesting a link between stem cell impairment and complex disorders.