Articles tagged with Parasitic Diseases
The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium infects marine crustaceans globally, resulting in mortalities due to organ malfunction. The pathogen has developed into an emerging epidemic threat to China's sustainable crab culture and wild populations.
Researchers at University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine discovered that gut cells lining intestines send warning signals to the immune system upon parasite invasion. The discovery sheds light on early stages of pathogen recognition and response.
A study published in Science Immunology reveals that the activity of IL-33, an immune signaling molecule, depends on which cell type releases it. This discovery opens up a new direction for understanding its involvement in various health conditions such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma.
Researchers found high rates of nematode and cestode infections in Medieval Europe, with infection rates most common among children. The study suggests that past living conditions may inform modern intervention campaigns.
Researchers investigating the decline of Norway's sea trout populations have found 11 disease-causing factors. They plan to survey the entire coast using advanced analysis methods and tag 150 fish with electronic tags to study behavior and migration patterns.
Researchers in Spain studied bird nests to understand how insects and parasites detect gas concentrations, finding a positive correlation between carbon dioxide and biting midges. The study also found that methane concentration was related to bacteria in nesting materials.
A global conservation plan for parasites is proposed to recognize the value of biological diversity. Research suggests that parasites play critical ecological roles, regulating wildlife populations, and propose identifying and conserving half of world's parasites within the next decade.
A team of researchers at West Virginia University has uncovered the manipulative qualities of a fungal parasite that infects cicadas, allowing it to transmit disease effectively. The fungus, Massospora, tricks male cicadas into mimicking female behavior, luring in unsuspecting males and eventually infecting them.
A Cornell University study found that one in eight individual bees had at least one parasite, with social bees more susceptible to infection. The researchers identified five common parasites transmitted through flowers, highlighting the importance of flower abundance and bee diversity in controlling disease spread.
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have discovered how the Toxoplasma gondii parasite hijacks host cells to spread throughout the body. The parasite triggers an alarm system that leads to the activation of a protein called IRE1, connecting it to the cytoskeleton and causing hypermigration.
Two new species of parasite have been discovered in crabs, which could potentially harm commercially important crustaceans. The researchers' findings suggest that the shore crab's habitat may influence the presence and prevalence of pathogens.
A new UK study found that faecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is more effective than antibiotics in treating Clostridium difficile infection, with higher cure rates and lower recurrence rates. FMT was also shown to be significantly more cost-effective, reducing hospitalization days and offering better quality of life for patients.
Researchers studied how Toxoplasma parasites move rapidly through tissues using high-resolution imaging and force microscopy. They found that the parasites form specific attachments with collagen fibers, resulting in contractile forces that propel them forward.
Researchers from Kumamoto University identified a plant gene that balances growth with defense mechanisms to protect against nematode infections. The DEL1 gene helps plants allocate energy to growth rather than defense, leading to increased yields and resistance to pests.
Researchers found that parasitic fungi infect cyanobacteria, reducing their growth and making them easier prey for small organisms. The fungi also serve as a food supplement for zooplankton, connecting different levels of aquatic food webs.
A study analyzing trends in muskrat mortality found associations with viruses, fungal infections, and toxins such as heavy metals and pesticides. The research provides a baseline for understanding potential role of pathogens and contaminants in declining muskrat populations across North America.
Researchers found that high-protein diets increased the survival of infected caterpillars by causing osmotic stress, which slows down bacterial growth. This mechanism may offer a new avenue for understanding how diet affects parasitic blood infections in humans.
A study found that great gray owl populations in California and Oregon have lower genetic diversity due to range discontinuity, leaving them susceptible to diseases and environmental stressors. The researchers propose that conservation efforts may be necessary to protect these vulnerable populations.
A recent study from the University of Washington explores how parasites respond to climate change, revealing complex relationships between hosts, parasites, and their communities. The research suggests that pulse warming events can have sudden and profound impacts on disease transmission, leading to a 'choppy sea' of outbreaks.
Researchers investigate how macrophages mediate tissue repair and promote lung stem-cell growth in response to worm infections. Their findings may have relevance for understanding and treating COVID-19-related lung damage.
A newly released study by Clemson University scientists provides evidence that disrupting heme production in Toxoplasma gondii could be an effective therapeutic strategy. Researchers found that using herbicides to inhibit the parasite's growth can deny it an essential nutrient, potentially leading to a cure.
A new freeze-resistant Trichinella species has been found in wolverines, highlighting the need for improved food safety measures. The species, named Trichinella chanchalensis, was discovered in 14 of 338 wolverine samples tested and is estimated to be around 6 million years old.
Australian researchers discovered that Toxoplasma-infected male mice passed altered epigenetic signatures to their offspring, affecting brain development and behavior. The study raises concerns about potential long-term impacts of infections in human fathers on their children's health.
Research shows that grey squirrels carrying a parasitic helminth negatively impact native red squirrel behavior, reducing their activity and altering relationships with native parasites. This study highlights the effects of parasite-mediated competition on red squirrels' personality and foraging efficiency in invaded habitats.
A study by Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin reveals that the amoeba Entamoeba gingivalis plays a key role in periodontitis, causing inflammation and tissue destruction. The parasite's elimination may improve treatment outcomes for patients with gum disease.
A new study reveals that Toxoplasma gondii parasite alters the behavior of microglia, leading to a loss of inhibitory signaling in the brain. This can result in seizures, personality changes, and vision problems, similar to neuropsychiatric disorders.
A recent study found that only half of all surfaces in an animal hospital were adequately cleaned during a 5.5-week period, with human-touch surfaces being the least likely to be disinfected. The researchers recommend creating checklists and educating staff on proper cleaning practices to protect animal and human health.
Researchers found a parasite from opossums infecting sea otters along the West Coast, with infected otters in British Columbia's northern Vancouver Island. The study suggests pathogens can travel long distances via water runoff and prey species like clams.
Researchers at Monash University have discovered a key mechanism that enables hookworms to evade the human immune system. By understanding how these parasites destroy neutrophil extracellular traps, scientists may be able to develop vaccines to boost immunity and prevent reinfection.
Researchers have developed a novel technique to isolate individual gut cells from mice infected with intestinal parasites, enabling the study of the immune response to these infections. The technique may help scientists understand how adult parasites evade the immune system and develop ways to boost the immune response.
Researchers at Yale School of Public Health have identified a new family of surface proteins, Fam10, which are uniquely associated with infectious metacyclic parasites transmitted by the tsetse fly. Vaccination with one member of this family significantly reduced parasitemia in mice, making Fam10 proteins promising vaccine candidates.
Toxoplasma gondii injects proteins into host macrophages, altering their behavior and suppressing the immune response. This manipulation leads to the creation of M2 macrophages, which reduce inflammation and allow the parasite to evade elimination by T cells.
A systematic review found that albendazole (ALB) and praziquantel (PZQ) are effective in treating taeniasis caused by the pork tapeworm. The study analyzed 20 studies, including before-after designs and controlled trials, and reported cure rates ranging from 52% to 99.5%.
Researchers found plants manipulate nematode pheromones to repel these pests, which cause more than $100 million in damage to crops every year. Plants metabolize ascarosides and secrete the metabolites back into the soil, broadcasting propaganda that 'this is a bad place'.
A meta-analysis of 250 studies reveals that approximately 1.4 billion people worldwide, or 19%, are exposed to Toxocara. The prevalence rates vary greatly between regions, with highest rates in Africa and East Asia.
Scientists from Institut Pasteur have identified a key protein associated with ageing, which is progressively depleted in cells leading to senescence. The discovery sheds light on the mechanisms of senescence and its link to cellular ageing, paving the way for potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers found 13.6% of shore crabs infected with Hematodinium parasite, highest rates in spring and male crabs. Environmental DNA analysis revealed early stages of parasite development not present in crabs.
A new study on sheep aging found that declining immune function accelerates parasite infections, leading to early mortality. The research, which tracked over 800 individual animals, discovered a link between antibody availability and mortality risk.
Fungicides can negatively impact aquatic fungi growth, altering their role in decomposing organic matter and as a food source for higher trophic levels.
Researchers found ancient parasite eggs in human coprolites at the Must Farm settlement, indicating that inhabitants were infected by eating raw aquatic animals. The discovery provides new insights into the intestinal diseases of prehistoric Britain and their possible connections to modern food trends.
An international team of researchers found that improving drinking water quality significantly reduces roundworm infections, with a 22% reduction when combined with sanitation and handwashing. The study suggests that sustainable approaches to disease control could be critical in tackling endemic infections.
A research team led by Jonas Barandun has discovered a near-atomic model of the smallest known eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosome found in microsporidia. The study reveals that microsporidian ribosomes have lost essential genes and expansion segments, allowing them to survive with a highly compacted genome.
Research in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases reveals that house mice have dramatically shaped Toxoplasma gondii populations globally. The study found four main lineages of the parasite, one newly described, which differ between inland and coastal regions.
A new study reveals that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes can penetrate and destroy large target masses, such as those associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection. This ability may also be effective against solid cancers.
Researchers developed a novel mouse model of intestinal parasite infection that mimics human disease, offering protection against Cryptosporidium infection. The model uses a naturally occurring species of mouse Cryptosporidium and demonstrates the importance of T cells and interferon-gamma in immune response.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have successfully grown the most common type of Cryptosporidium in the lab using a new technique. This breakthrough will accelerate efforts to treat the deadly infection and identify potential drug candidates.
A new study found nearly a third of Cambodian population infected with Strongyloides stercoralis. The threadworm is associated with increased risk in older individuals, open defecation, and lower knowledge about helminth infections.
Toxoplasma gondii parasites replicate by hijacking the host cell's starvation response, extracting essential amino acids like arginine. This discovery suggests promising new drug targets to treat intracellular pathogens.
A team of researchers has discovered intestinal parasite infection in ancient faeces from the Çatalhöyük village, dating back to 7,100 BC. Whipworm eggs were found in two coprolites, providing early evidence of human disease in the Near East.
A new mathematical model developed at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln suggests that large collective of parasitic worms can kick-start a self-perpetuating cycle ensuring their survival. The study found that quantity of parasites alone determines whether they persist in a host, contrary to previous approaches.
A California study reveals chronic Q fever cases may be more common than previously believed, with a higher case fatality rate than national averages. Meanwhile, a mass treatment campaign in Bolivia has effectively eliminated human fascioliasis, a parasitic worm disease once prevalent in up to 25% of the population.
Researchers found that circadian rhythms impact immune responses, with morning immune cells elevated and nighttime levels suppressed. This discovery may lead to time-tailored therapies for human patients.
Research reveals that pups with high hookworm infection rates spend more time in the water, whereas those with lower rates rest or avoid it. Climate change is thought to be a contributing factor, as warmer ocean temperatures lead to scarce fish supplies, forcing mothers to dedicate more time to searching for food.
Research found that nematode-infected horned passalus beetles process wood 15% faster than uninfected ones, leading to increased decomposition rates. The parasites are beneficial to the forest ecosystem, enabling the beetles to provide a more effective service
Researchers discovered that Entamoeba histolytica, a parasite causing severe gut disease, hides from the immune system by 'cell nibbling' and displaying human proteins on its surface. This camouflage protects it from complement proteins, allowing it to survive in the body.
A new study found no major differences in gut microbiomes of people infected with roundworms or hookworms and uninfected peers. However, curing hookworm infections resulted in specific changes to the microbiome, while deworming had minimal effects.
The parasite induces overexpression of FOXP3 protein in infected animals, which sends a false message to the defense system, allowing it to eliminate the host's immune response. This study also validated three reference genes for quantitative PCR techniques, enabling future analysis of cytokine activity.
Scientists at Lancaster University discovered that a late-acting T-helper 17 response helps eliminate Trichinella spiralis, a round worm and causative agent of Trichinosis. This response increases intestinal contraction and restoring IL-17 levels rescues mice's ability to expel the parasite.
Researchers found that intestinal worms prevented weight gain on high-fat diets by boosting specific bacteria producing norepinephrine, leading to increased energy consumption and fat burning. This mechanism may lead to the development of new methods for weight loss.
A mass drug administration study in the Solomon Islands found a 90% reduction in scabies cases and a 75% decrease in impetigo cases after treating entire communities. The strategy is effective in reducing both diseases, especially in children aged five to nine years old.