Articles tagged with Density
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have successfully stored liquid fuels like ethanol in polymeric gels, drastically reducing evaporation rates and flammable gas mixtures. The development of this method aims to create safer work environments in industries that use liquid fuels.
A new study suggests that while breast density knowledge may be increasing due to existing state laws, there is still room for improvement. The study found that most women with non-dense breasts did not correctly know their own density, and that lower education was associated with a lower chance of accurately knowing one's own density.
A new report from Oak Ridge National Laboratory identifies supply chain must-haves for maintaining the pivotal role of hydropower in decarbonizing the nation's grid. The report also highlights advances in safer battery technologies and innovative electron microscopy techniques for imaging lithium in energy storage materials.
A USC-led study reveals that children with binge eating disorder show abnormalities in gray matter density compared to unaffected peers, indicating a possible link between the disorder and brain development. The findings suggest that treatment may need to address underlying brain abnormalities.
Researchers developed a software-based smoke dispersal simulation model to study prehistoric archaeology. They found that early humans placed their hearth at the optimal location in the cave, enabling maximum utilization of fire while minimizing smoke exposure. The study identified a 25sqm area as ideal for locating the hearth.
A new snow tracking sensor using infrared radiation technology will track daily snow depth, making it easier to predict and prevent winter-related hazards. The device will measure snow density by strata, providing more accurate data for avalanche forecasting and flood risk assessment.
A new digital study has found that Tyrannosaurus rex's jaw had nerve sensors enabling it to better detect and eat its prey. The researchers used computed tomography to analyze the distribution of neurovascular canals in a fossil mandible, revealing complex branching patterns similar to those of modern-day crocodiles and birds.
Researchers from USTC detected a 'sharp rise' signature in detection rate of BAL variations, leading to ionized gas density determination. They found the detection rate curve could distinguish gaseous components with different densities, optimizing their method measuring gas density by trec.
Researchers measured pulsar accelerations to clock star motions, revealing tiny accelerations at a few centimeters per second. This opens a new window into galactic dynamics and provides clues in the search for dark matter.
Researchers developed a machine learning model to predict electronic density of states (DOS) for materials properties. The model demonstrates transferability across different phases and scalability to large system sizes, making it applicable to address long-standing open questions in materials science.
Researchers have identified ultra-fast gas flows through atomic-scale apertures in 2D membranes, confirming a century-old equation of fluid dynamics. The study's findings hold promise for applications in water and gas purification, air quality monitoring, and energy harvesting.
Researchers found that measures such as grip strength and lean mass are associated with bone density in premenopausal women, particularly those who engage in substantial physical activity. The study also highlights the importance of considering lifestyle factors beyond just body size and age.
Researchers detected a critical point in water, where two distinct liquid forms exist at low temperatures and high pressures. The finding explains water's unusual properties, such as expanding when cooled and becoming more compressible.
Scientists have accurately measured the density of liquid iron under conditions similar to those at Earth's outer core. The findings suggest that pure iron is about 8% more dense than the Earth's outer core, indicating the presence of other light elements.
Astronomers have measured the Fermi Bubbles, two enormous outflows of high-energy gas emanating from the Milky Way, using the Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper telescope. The findings refine our understanding of these mysterious blobs and provide new opportunities to study the galaxy's central region.
Scientists have successfully determined the density of liquid iron and sound propagation speed through it at extremely high pressures. They found the density of the molten outer core to be about 8 percent less dense than pure liquid iron, suggesting the presence of additional lighter elements.
A UNIGE researcher has solved a scientific controversy about the speed of the universe's expansion by proposing that it may not be homogeneous on a large scale. This approach eliminates a divergence between two independent calculation methods, which previously yielded conflicting values for the Hubble constant.
Researchers found that human languages convey information at a rate of roughly 39 bits per second, regardless of speech speed. The study compared 17 languages and measured speech rate and information density, showing that higher speech rates are matched by lower information densities.
The study found that Martian rocks are less compacted and more porous than expected, with a grain density of 2810 kg/m³ versus 1680 kg/m³. This suggests that the rocks have been compressed less, possibly due to reduced material buried over time.
A study found that neural tissue density in a specific white matter pathway, the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF), correlates with individual differences in stereoacuity. The VOF connects key visual areas involved in stereopsis and is crucial for understanding its neural basis.
A new sensor based on a 3,000-year-old African musical instrument can detect adulterated or counterfeit drugs. The device measures the density of any liquid, revealing whether it has the same ingredients as a known product.
Women with mammographically dense breast tissue have higher recall and biopsy rates, as well as increased odds of screen-detected and interval breast cancer. The study supports automated measurements as a future standard for breast density classification.
A UAB-led study published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology found that denosumab was superior to risedronate in increasing bone density in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. The 12-month study enrolled 795 patients and showed promising results for the new drug.
A new study by Concordia professor Natalie Phillips explores the effects of bilingualism on patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. The research found that multilingual individuals may be able to compensate for AD-related tissue loss by accessing alternative networks in their brains for memory processing.
Researchers found that fast-paced songs stimulate spending, while ballads have little effect, as social density increases. In crowded stores, up-tempo music boosts average spending by 8% and motivates customers to buy more low-priced items.
Researchers discovered that gray matter density in the brain increases during adolescence, which may explain improved cognitive performance despite decreased brain volume and cortical thickness. The study found higher gray matter density in females compared to males, potentially contributing to comparable cognitive performance.
Scientists developed a simple formula to predict glass transition temperatures for confined liquids, taking into account film thickness and density profile. This approach has important implications for various applications such as photolithography and lab-on-a-chip devices.
A new study maps and classifies the earthquake shaking potential across most of the Las Vegas metropolitan area, revealing that much of the ground is stiffer and potentially safer than previously thought. The site classifications could lead to reduced construction costs and improved safety measures for buildings.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers finds no link between breast density and breast cancer risk, instead attributing increased cancer to age and body fat. The study suggests that women with dense breasts may be younger and leaner, reducing their risk of breast cancer.
Researchers at Osaka University developed a new method for evaluating the quality of wide-gap semiconductors using terahertz waves. The laser terahertz emission microscope (LTEM) revealed correlations between defect density and THz wave emission, showing promise for next-generation energy-saving devices
Research suggests that automated breast density measurement can predict breast cancer risk in younger women, with changes in breast density over time playing a significant role. Women under 50 are at high risk for density-associated breast cancer, and earlier mammogram screenings may be beneficial for those with denser breasts.
A study of 3,398 participants found that higher coronary artery calcium (CAC) density was associated with a lower risk of heart disease and cardiovascular events. The researchers discovered that CAC volume was positively correlated with CHD and CVD risk, while CAC density was inversely related.
The Planck satellite provides an unprecedented level of detail about the cosmic microwave background, confirming the standard model of cosmology at exceptional accuracy. Anomalies in the data suggest the Universe may be different on scales larger than those directly observable.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have developed an automated method to estimate mammographic breast density, a major risk factor for breast cancer. The new approach assesses the variation in grayscale values in mammograms, providing a viable, automated mammographic density measure that can be used in clinical settings.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden suggests that digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) used on standard hand radiographs can help identify patients at higher risk of hip fracture. DXR is a technique comparable to more costly methods and may be used preventively to identify people at risk for osteoporosis.
A new technique has revealed a significant amount of dark matter near the Sun, contradicting previous studies that found less. The researchers used a simulation of the Milky Way to test their method and obtained a high measure of local dark matter density.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a method to store electrical energy as chemical energy in higher alcohols, which can be used as liquid transportation fuels. They genetically engineered a microorganism to produce isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol using carbon dioxide and electricity.
Scientists used X-rays to measure the density of lunar magma at extreme pressures and temperatures. The results show that most magmas are less dense than their surroundings, but a specific type of titanium-rich magma is denser and won't rise to the surface.
Researchers Richard Saltus and Richard Blakely presented examples of unique interpretations from 'non-unique' models, combining observations to narrow down theoretical solutions. This approach successfully solves important geological issues, such as detailed images of fault zones.
Using Archimedes' principle, MIT scientists have devised a method to measure the density of individual cells, which could provide biophysical insight into fundamental cellular processes. The new device rapidly exchanges fluids, allowing for rapid measurement and potentially screening potential cancer drugs.
A recent study published in Geophysical Research Letters found a link between the sun's ultraviolet radiation levels and a temporary shrinking of Earth's outer atmosphere. The research suggests that the sun's magnetic cycle may vary more than previously thought, leading to dramatic fluctuations in atmospheric density.
Two new studies have tested three different methods for accurately measuring breast density. A third technique called dual-energy mammography showed promise in measuring breast density. The researchers hope to use this method to improve the accuracy of breast cancer risk assessments.
A new maglev sensor has been developed to analyze food, water, and beverages for density and chemical composition. The device can quickly estimate salt content in water samples and fat content in milk, cheese, and peanut butter with high accuracy.
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that long-term elite rhythmic gymnastics significantly improves bone health in adolescent girls. The research measured volumetric bone density and bone geometry, showing increased cortical thickness and bone strength.
A new study found that obese teenage girls with a higher ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat have lower bone density than their peers. Visceral fat may also increase the risk of fractures in some obese individuals, highlighting its negative impact on bone health.
A new study provides clear protocols for clinicians to follow, updating fracture risk algorithms and creating simple tables to guide doctors. The findings suggest that repeat bone density measurements can help prognosis of fracture in patients at risk due to age and other factors.
Prolonged loop diuretic use was linked to increased fracture risk in postmenopausal women, but not to bone mineral density changes or falls. The study suggests that fracture prevention measures may be necessary for women on loop diuretic therapy.
Researchers developed a new method using laser scanning technology to measure bulk density of soil clods and rock fragments. The results showed excellent agreement between the two methods, enabling a more thorough analysis of a soil's quality.
A new study found that Forteo significantly increased bone density measurements, particularly in the lumbar spine and hip, compared to Fosamax. The findings suggest Forteo may be a valuable treatment option for secondary osteoporosis caused by glucocorticoid use.
Researchers at UCR have successfully demonstrated the remote operation of micromachines using light to change the Casimir force. The study uses silicon plates with varying carrier densities and training a beam of light on them to alter the plate's properties.
A study found that monitoring grey matter density over time using brain scans could help early detection of individuals at risk for schizophrenia. The results showed a correlation between reduced grey matter density and increased risk of developing the condition.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute propose a biomimetic model system where molecular motors create spatial order in cytoskeletal filaments, defying basic physical principles. The model suggests that motor activity enhances the tendency for filaments to align and order, even in the presence of constant motion.
A study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that increased bone marrow fat is an independent marker of bone weakening. The ratio of bone marrow fat to bone mineral density was higher in healthy individuals and lower in those with signs of bone weakening.
The largest US study on osteoporosis risk factors found that almost half of women over 50 are at risk for the bone disease. The study, led by Dr. Ethel Siris, highlights the need for more women to get tested and treated for osteoporosis, as it can lead to debilitating fractures.
A long-term study of 62 white female participants aged 12-20 found that oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use did not impact their peak bone mass or hip bone mineral density, contrary to theoretical concerns. The findings are significant as they address the needs of young women who are concerned about body changes during adolescence.
Post-menopausal women who consume moderate amounts of alcohol (2-4 drinks per week) have significantly higher bone mineral density than those who do not drink. The study found that lower levels of parathyroid hormone and increased estrogen levels were associated with the positive effect on bone health.
A new study has found that osteoporosis doubles the risk of fractures in nursing home residents, particularly those with better mobility. Researchers discovered that 80% of women in the study had osteoporosis and that low bone mineral density increased fracture rates.
A new study by Oregon State University found that postmenopausal women who participate in a long-term fitness regimen can prevent significant bone loss in the hip. The exercise program, which includes weighted vests and jumping exercises, showed a significant reduction in bone density loss compared to a control group.
A new UCSF study found that bone density loss during osteoporosis treatment is often a sign of regular medication adherence, not a failure of the medication. Women who lost bone density in the first year may actually gain it back with continued treatment.
Scientists can estimate ancient atmosphere mass and composition using mayfly fossils due to their consistent flight mechanism, which records air density. The study suggests the atmosphere's mass remained relatively constant over the last quarter-billion years.