Computational linguist Michael Hahn aims to improve AI reasoning in large language models, particularly in handling interdependent sequences and distinguishing between similar pieces of information. He plans to develop a theory to explain how training conditions affect AI's ability to develop reliable conclusions.
Researchers identified referral gaps, diagnostic waits, and service pressures that can delay action after early autism concerns emerge. The study suggests practical changes to improve coordination and timely support for families, including repeat surveillance, closed-loop referral tracking, and needs-based support.
Researchers Dr Ninon Dubourg and Professor Dr Philipp Schommers receive ERC funding for projects on lymphoma treatment and medieval mobility aids. They aim to improve lymphoma treatment and understand the mechanisms of immune escape in lymphoma cells.
Prof. Lukas Kunz is investigating how individual neurons support our experience and behavior, particularly in spatial perception and orientation. His ERC-funded project aims to understand the roles of egocentric neurons in the human brain, with potential applications to neurological disorders like Alzheimer's.
Researchers have developed a new method to collect and study salmon lice secretions, allowing for the examination of individual lice and reducing faecal contamination. The study found 148 secretory proteins, 64 of which were detected in each tested condition, potentially representing targets for vaccine development.
Researchers found that LSD, psilocybin, and 2C-B affect brain activity in distinct ways, with different changes observed during and after acute effects. The study provides a biological starting point for investigating individualized treatments for mental health disorders.
Tom Beneke, a molecular biologist, has received an ERC Starting Grant to study Leishmania parasites' drug resistance. He aims to unravel the genetics of the pathogens and identify key factors contributing to treatment failure.
NTU Singapore scientists have developed microdroplets that deliver large amounts of gene-silencing molecules into cancer and immune cells, reducing colorectal tumor growth by 67% in mice. The approach targets two proteins that cancer cells exploit to evade immune attacks, and could potentially cost 5-10 times less to produce than curre...
Researchers have identified alpha-1 antitrypsin as a potential target for preventing spontaneous preterm birth. A recent study found that mothers carrying a specific variant of the SERPINA1 gene had shorter pregnancies, and treatment with human alpha-1 antitrypsin prevented preterm birth in mice.
Researchers in Pakistan isolated two photosynthetic Chlorobium bacteria that substantially reduce organic pollutant levels in raw sewage within a week. The bacteria, Isolate 2w and 7w, showed significant reductions in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), suggesting a promising approach to wastewater treatment.
Dr. Jingyuan Xu receives funding to develop porous woven structures for high-performance cooling systems, while Dr. Maryia Rusak investigates the application of universal classification systems in European architectural projects. Both projects aim to improve energy efficiency and sustainable design.
A global study of over 23,000 marine mollusk species found that body size is projected to decline in most ocean regions by 2100, but some groups will grow larger. Researchers analyzed temperature, oxygen, and ocean productivity to predict changes in five major groups of mollusks.
UC3M researcher Alberto Vela Martín leads MUST project to develop new LES simulation framework incorporating uncertainty as a core design principle. The project aims to establish a new paradigm for turbulence modeling, embracing uncertainty and predicting complex systems more broadly.
Researchers at University of Limerick uncover a 17th-century manuscript providing the most detailed technical analysis of a telescope provenly made by Galileo Galilei, pushing back the earliest known experimentation with four-lens telescopes to 1630.
Dr. Karin Schwarzenberger aims to directly visualize and measure flows at gas-liquid interfaces using custom-developed tracer particles, shedding light on mass transport in technological and natural systems. The project tackles the Marangoni effect and its impact on interface mobility and mass transfer.
Social philosopher Matthew Rachar at Freie Universität Berlin will receive €1.48 million in funding to develop a comprehensive theory of solidarity. His project aims to explain the relationship between solidarity and shared agency, as well as its moral and political implications.
A study from the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research has identified the genes controlling a natural self-rejection system in Indian oilseed crops, allowing for the production of high-yielding hybrid mustard. This self-rejection mechanism, pr...
A study published in Nature identified over 1,000 genetic variants associated with human behavioral traits, including personality. While the genetic contribution explained only a small proportion of personality differences, the study suggests that environmental factors and social relationships may have a greater influence.
A study by Queen Mary University of London finds that young chimpanzees develop distinct population-specific vocal patterns as they mature. This development is influenced by social interactions, environmental conditions, and other non-genetic factors, suggesting a more flexible and dynamic communication system than previously recognized.
A 2025 analysis tracked 516,309 clinical bacterial isolates, revealing declining resistance in some major pathogens but worrying rebounds in others. The study highlights the need for sustained surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and stronger laboratory capacity to address evolving AMR patterns.
A new study found that forests with greater tree species diversity show smaller declines in productivity during compound climate extremes and recover more effectively afterwards. Biodiversity acts as a form of biological insurance, helping forests maintain stability in an increasingly unpredictable climate.
Employees advocating for climate action are more likely to receive recognition when their efforts support business goals, while purpose-led activism often goes unrecognized. Researchers found that organizations tend to reward environmental initiatives when they contribute to commercial objectives, such as attracting clients, expanding ...
A national wildfire risk assessment found 30% of dialysis facilities within 5km of wildfires, serving 2/3 of Canadians receiving in-centre hemodialysis. Poor air quality can further harm patients, with 64% of facilities in high, very high, or extreme wildfire risk areas.
The new Galapagos Atlas catalogues 68 species, including distribution maps and a list of unanswered questions, to encourage further research and knowledge gaps. The free digital reference also addresses conservation critical to these species' sustainable conservation.
The complete connectome of the fruit fly brain has been mapped, revealing new insights into how the brain enables sophisticated behavior. The 166,000-neuron map, developed through Janelia Research Campus's pioneering efforts, has transformed scientific research and pioneered new technologies.
Researchers establish that live probiotic and inactivated postbiotic treatments improve coral health under thermal stress. The treatments, which involve beneficial bacteria, improve coral resilience and promote specific metabolic and microbiome changes.
Researchers at The University of Osaka developed a light-responsive adhesive that can selectively detach from an illuminated surface without residue. The adhesive can be reused after heating, demonstrating reversible interfacial switching
Researchers have mapped the complete neural wiring behind taste in an animal, tracing taste signals from sensory neurons to motor neurons that drive feeding. The study reveals neural pathways that could explain how taste triggers anticipatory insulin release before a single calorie is absorbed.
A recent study suggests that cerebral palsy (CP) may be a collection of symptoms that can occur in various conditions, rather than a single disease with genetic causes. The research found that only 89 of 515 genes previously linked to CP have a statistically significant association with the condition.
Researchers tested 50 top genetic prediction tools against 13.5 million mutations, finding most programs overestimate rare, harmless mutations and underestimate more common ones. The tools' bias is due to their focus on conserved regions, which can be more prone to mutations in certain areas of the genome.
A multidisciplinary study in ancient Gansu found no evidence of direct population influx with western-derived agriculture, suggesting cultural diffusion through the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor. Genetic analysis also revealed complex kinship networks and burial customs, with no strict alignment between genetic ancestry and archaeologi...
Researchers summarize a systematic overview of polarization optical metrology for linear birefringence in transparent anisotropic media. The review discusses physical origins, measurement methods, and applications, including residual stress analysis, advanced material characterization, and biomedical imaging.
A research team at Tohoku University and Islamic Azad University developed a mathematical solution to simulate heat propagation through rods when heated simultaneously. They used a matrix equation to calculate the complementary error function, enabling rapid simulation of heat transfer.
A team of researchers created a micro-3D-printed, monolithic optical system that co-integrates micro-scale imaging and ring-illumination in a single fiber bundle endoscope. The compact system achieves a resolution of micro-scale imaging in air and biomedical liquids, enabling future endoscopes for less invasive imaging procedures.
Researchers developed an engineered nanoplatform that targets the spleen to reprogram immune cells into antitumoral immune warriors. This approach effectively blocks postsurgical tumor recurrence and demonstrates potential for preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapies.
When cells experience ER stress, they possess a mechanism that detects changes in their membrane lipid state and suppresses intracellular transport via transcription. This mechanism is triggered by an increase in phosphatidic acid (PA) levels in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, leading to the suppression of COPII vesicle formation.
Denmark's unique approach to prenatal care, including universal syphilis screening, has led to zero congenital syphilis cases since 2016. The study found nearly 100% screening coverage and a stable trend in syphilis infections, but no increase in congenital syphilis cases, indicating a well-functioning healthcare system.
A new machine-learning tool detects illicit stablecoin transactions with high accuracy, helping compliance teams to act on real threats while sparing innocent users. The tool separates distinct types of illicit behavior, such as cybercrime and sanctioned wallets, allowing for more targeted action.
Scientists identify previously unrecognized mathematical property explaining why widely used evolutionary statistical models can produce convincing but incorrect conclusions. A new decomposition of Markov models revealed hidden symmetries, allowing researchers to answer long-standing questions about species diversity.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison have designed a new tin-based perovskite with built-in protection against air and moisture, addressing one of the biggest challenges facing tin-based perovskite solar cells. The new material achieved 16.2% efficiency and remained stable during extended testing.
Researchers identified the origin of the 'beating' signal in a quantum material, revealing that it arises from the overlap of two different quantum oscillations. This discovery provides a key criterion for interpreting signals of topological quantum devices and realizing desired electronic states.
A new study reveals that climate models struggle to accurately represent Southern Ocean clouds, which significantly impact Earth's energy balance. The research team found that cloud phase and temperature are more important factors in simulating the Southern Ocean's surface energy budget than simply reproducing cloud frequency.
Sir Stephen Fry has been appointed as the new Patron of the Primate Society of Great Britain, following Jane Goodall's passing. The PSGB works on conservation, research, and education to protect primates and their habitats, facing threats from habitat loss and climate change.
New research suggests that declining UV radiation may alter plant–microbe interactions and carbon cycling in Antarctic tundra. The weakened carbon sink can amplify respiratory carbon loss, particularly in eastern lowland tundra where penguin activity is strong.
ISTA researchers have secured 5 ERC Starting Grants to fund innovative projects in AI, astrophysics, and optics. The grants will support early-career researchers in understanding bacterial immune systems and developing new microscope techniques to study elusive quantum matter.
A new study used neural networks to reveal how different kinds of training can change how learning happens. Training a simpler task first made neural networks respond more accurately to complex tasks, mirroring how living brains learn.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have demonstrated that incorporating satellite measurements of water vapor isotopes into weather models improves forecasts of atmospheric conditions. This addition leads to more accurate weather forecasts, particularly for heavy rainfall predictions.
Researchers discovered that immune cells contributing to neurodegeneration originate in the lymph nodes outside the brain, and blocking these instructions can mitigate neurodegeneration. The study suggests a new pathway to halt or slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease and other primary tauopathies.
A groundbreaking study reveals that electron spin influences chemical reactions at surfaces, and controlling spin orientation with magnetic fields can dramatically change reaction rates. The study demonstrates the potential for spin-based control of surface chemistry, opening up new possibilities for selective catalysis and reactivity.
Researchers have identified a potential new target for preventing preterm labour, targeting a specific group of proteins in the uterus muscle that can suppress human uterine contractions and delay preterm birth in a preclinical model. The study, published in Communications Medicine, highlights a promising avenue for developing new drug...
Researchers found that venetoclax effectively targets and blocks Bcl-2, reducing SIV reservoir levels in nonhuman primate model. The study results, reported in Nature Microbiology, offer hope for accelerating the timeline to cure HIV.
The AI BioDesign accelerator will generate open models, datasets, and tools to create new biological solutions for human health and environmental challenges. The goal is to learn and model the rules biology uses to build life, enabling the development of new drugs, enzymes, and biological computers.
Scientists at the University of Leeds developed an AI model that rapidly identifies plant proteins capable of acting as emulsifiers, cutting years of costly trial-and-error research. The model has already identified nearly 800 promising plant proteins, many of which had never been considered for this purpose.
A new parametric design framework transforms flat paper sheets into self-folding helical sensors that measure biosignals. The approach combines sustainable materials with a simple software-guided design process, enabling rapid production of customized wearable electronics.
Researchers at Ritsumeikan University discovered a bacterial selenoprotein that uses a unique selenium–sulfur–heme catalytic center to reduce polysulfides during elemental sulfur respiration. The enzyme, MccSep, is crucial for understanding the sulfur cycle and has implications for environmental monitoring and biocatalyst development.
Researchers developed V-UNet, a novel model combining global and local information to address noise and redundant information in medical images. The model achieved competitive segmentation performance while maintaining low computational requirements, promising a more efficient and robust AI-assisted medical image analysis.
A Swedish registry study found that IBD patients with multiple close relatives having colorectal cancer are significantly more likely to develop the disease. The study suggests that future cancer screening guidelines should consider the number of cancer cases in a patient's family.
Researchers at Nagoya University have built a graphene nanoribbon that can switch its twist using a natural solvent, opening opportunities for new optical switches, chemical sensors, and spintronic components. The discovery uses a natural chiral liquid to lock in a single spiral direction, with a high degree of helical bias.
A new study by NYU Langone Health found a genetic link between GLP-1 use and increased risk of male-pattern hair loss. The study, published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, showed that men using GLP-1 medications for weight loss had a 7% added risk of losing their hair due to the medication
A new probabilistic method, Bayesian Probabilistic Data Association via Gaussian Mixture Models, improves trajectory accuracy and semantic mapping quality in robots. The approach reduces duplicate registrations and handles ambiguous observations, enabling more stable and reliable object-level maps.