A team of scientists has identified a protein called TOX that drives the initiation and growth of an aggressive form of leukemia. TOX is expressed in 95 percent of human T-ALL cases and required for cancer's growth and persistence, offering new targeted treatment approaches.
A new study found that administering a histamine-producing probiotic reduced inflammation and suppressed colon tumors in mice. The probiotic increased expression of the enzyme histidine decarboxylase, which converts histidine to histamine, resulting in decreased glucose uptake and tumor formation.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has awarded prestigious honors to Drs. Andrew P. Feinberg, Gregory J. Tsongalis, and Alexis B. Carter for their outstanding contributions to the field of molecular diagnostics. AMP President Federico A. Monzon praised the award recipients for their decades of service to the society.
A comprehensive genomic analysis of Wilms tumor identified genetic mutations involving a large number of genes, converging into two major pathways that lead to cancer. The study offers new opportunities for treatment by targeting these processes instead of individual genes.
The Human Pathology Atlas analyzes human genes in all major cancers, revealing patterns that influence patient survival. The atlas provides a powerful tool for personalized medicine, with potential applications in lung and colorectal cancer.
Aged chimpanzee brains exhibit pathology similar to human Alzheimer's disease, including Aβ plaques and tau lesions. The study provides the most extensive evidence of AD brain pathology in a primate species, shedding light on the evolution and potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Researchers from Kent State University have identified pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease in the brains of aged chimpanzees, similar to human Alzheimer's disease brain pathology. The study found amyloid beta plaques and blood vessels in all 20 aged chimpanzee brains, with increasing sizes correlating to age.
NASA scientists have definitively detected acrylonitrile, a chemical thought to form stable structures similar to cell membranes, in Titan's atmosphere. This finding suggests the possibility of membrane-like structures forming on Titan, which could be an important step towards life discovery.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley have developed a new mechanism to attach radioactive fluorine atoms to chemical compounds, expanding medical imaging capabilities. This breakthrough enables the creation of new 'radiotracers' for PET scans, which can aid in detecting cancers and understanding biological pathways.
A high proportion of former NFL players had neuropathological evidence of CTE, with 110 out of 111 players diagnosed. The study also found a link between CTE and previous football participation, with severe pathology more common among professional players.
Researchers develop a technique called expansion microscopy to physically expand tissues, enabling pathologists to diagnose diseases like early breast cancer with high accuracy and reliability. The method has been shown to improve the resolution of conventional microscopes and can be applied to any type of clinical sample.
A new study describes a method to save lives in chemical attacks by predicting the trajectory of released chemical plumes. The research team developed an early warning prediction system using a weather forecasting model and local sensor data, which was able to accurately predict the spread of gas in a recent Syrian attack.
Research reveals dose-dependent gadolinium deposits in normal brain tissue of patients who underwent MRI with contrast agents, suggesting a widespread issue. The study's findings contradict previous assumptions about the blood-brain barrier's impermeability to gadolinium.
The IASLC published a comprehensive summary of the year's key developments in thoracic oncology, covering prevention, early detection, pathology, staging, surgery, adjuvant therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. The publication highlights significant progress in small cell lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma.
Researchers found that pathologists outside of academic centers were more likely to misdiagnose appendix tumors as invasive cancer. A significant number of patients had their diagnoses changed after a second evaluation, emphasizing the importance of expertise in appendix cancer diagnosis.
The US Chemical Safety & Hazard Investigation Board has investigated over 130 accidents since its creation in 1998. The board's work has positively influenced industrial safety in the US and globally, producing over 90 accident reports and 40 safety videos with a budget of $12 million per year.
Dr. Xiao-Ming Yin's pioneering research has significantly impacted our understanding of cellular degradation pathways, leading to novel cancer treatment approaches and potential therapeutic strategies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Dr. Katerina A. Politi has made significant contributions to the understanding and treatment of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Her research has led to a paradigm-shift in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, including the early adoption of molecular profiling.
Dr. Michael A Gimbrone, Jr has made significant contributions to the field of vascular biology through his research on endothelial cells and the development of methods for culturing these cells. His work has led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of vascular diseases and has paved the way for countless studies and discoveries.
Scores of undocumented immigrant youth pursuing careers in chemical sciences and related fields face uncertainty due to potential repeal of the DACA policy. Currently, only marrying a U.S. citizen can legalize their status, with limited avenues for education and employment.
A demo version of a new Pathology Atlas will be presented on April 2-5 at AACR17, offering information on human gene expression levels and their relationship with cancer patients' clinical outcomes. The atlas provides analysis on nearly 8,000 cancer patients across various major cancers.
A new gene variant has been identified in the PTPRD gene that is associated with the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. The study found that this variant affects more than one mechanism of tangle accumulation and may be a key target for developing therapies targeting Tau pathology.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have discovered a new genetic variant linked to Tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. The study, published in Molecular Psychiatry, highlights the potential for targeting the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type delta (PTPRD) gene as a therapeutic strategy.
Researchers at EPFL develop synthetic methods to introduce chemical modifications on huntingtin, reducing its toxicity and aggregation. The study reveals key findings on the relationship between post-translational modifications and huntingtin structure, function, and toxicity.
Researchers have successfully filmed inter-molecular chemical reactions in real-time at the atomic level, revolutionizing material development and discovery. The study utilizes the electron beam of a TEM as both an imaging tool and energy source to drive specific chemical reactions.
The Association for Molecular Pathology published consensus recommendations to validate next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based oncology panels. The guidelines address NGS test development, optimization and familiarization, and best practices for establishing test performance characteristics.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that six unsaturated fatty acids are associated with Alzheimer's disease cognitive symptoms and neuropathology. The researchers analyzed brain tissue samples from older individuals with healthy brains, those with tau or amyloid proteins but no memory problems, and those with Alzheimer's disease.
A team of researchers at the University of Minnesota has developed a new process for creating ultra-thin layers of material with molecular-sized pores, enabling ultra-selective membranes for chemical separations. The discovery could greatly improve energy-efficiency in the chemical and petrochemical industries.
Researchers at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences developed a chemical computer that can recognize the shape of a sphere with great accuracy. The system uses a network of oscillating droplets, where each droplet acts as a 'neuronal' unit, to process information and make decisions.
A new study found that a diabetes drug called amylin improved learning and memory function in AD patients and reduced AD pathology in their brains. The findings suggest a potential blood test for AD using pramlintide.
Scientists at the University of Alberta have developed synthetic DNA motors that can be used for improved disease detection and drug delivery. The nanomachines demonstrate the potential for early diagnosis and targeted release of drugs within patients, resulting in fewer side effects.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have identified a novel genetic mechanism and marker that may predict response to a class of drugs in many cancer types. Elevated levels of IGF2BP3 protein were found in both thyroid and other common cancers, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for treatment response.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology have developed a new technique to visualize molecular distributions on rippled, hairy, or bulgy surfaces. The 'corrective glass' method uses laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) to correct for surface topography and provide accurate chemical imaging.
A new approach to surgical pathology in brain tumor patients uses stimulated Raman histology, improving speed and diagnostic efficiency. The method, tested in an operating room, produces accurate results faster than conventional methods.
A new report in The American Journal of Pathology reveals that potent cytotoxins produced by group A streptococcus (GAS) contribute to the severity of 'flesh-eating disease'. Production of both NADase and streptolysin O is necessary for full virulence, and infections can be controlled better with toxin-deficient bacteria.
Chemical engineers develop prototype reactor shaped like a leaf to capture sunlight and generate chemical reactions for drug production. The LSC material enhances the reaction process, increasing productivity by 40% even on cloudy days.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has published a joint guideline to standardize the interpretation and reporting of sequence variants in cancer. The guidelines aim to improve patient care by establishing standardized classification, annotation, interpretation, and reporting conventions for somatic sequence variants.
Research at McGill University has identified a link between decreased X chromosome gene PPP2R3B expression and tumor progression in melanoma. The findings suggest that genetic specificity of the X chromosome plays a role in gender differences observed in melanoma prognosis.
A new study published in The American Journal of Pathology found that over 90% of bladder cancers lack the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase 1, making them susceptible to arginine-degrading therapy. This approach has shown promising results in treating bladder cancer with low ASS1 expression.
Researchers at the University of York discovered a 'chemical factory' in plant glandular trichomes that can produce toxic chemicals without protein intervention. This process could enable commercial production of various products, including anti-malarial drugs, natural sweeteners, and compounds for food crop production.
Researchers developed an improved animal model of Alzheimer's disease using tau protein isolated from patient brains. The model replicates the formation and spread of brain fibrils associated with AD, offering new opportunities for investigating therapies to stop or slow their progression.
Dr. Wachs' research aims to identify fundamental structure-activity/selectivity relationships for catalysts, guiding the design of advanced catalysts. His team explores direct conversion of natural gas into liquid fuels without oxidizing reagents, offering a promising solution to overcome stranded gas.
Researchers identify direct link between brain inflammation and CTE, with longer football careers predicting increased inflammation and disease progression. The study suggests that treating inflammation could prevent or lessen CTE development, offering potential biomarkers for early identification.
The Association for Molecular Pathology released a new report highlighting the potential of MALDI-TOF-MS in identifying invasive infectious diseases. The technology has been shown to accurately identify filamentous fungi and mycobacteria, but more testing is needed before its use can be recommended.
Researchers at Kansas State University have designed a soybean variety that protects against nematode parasites, which are the No. 1 soybean disease in the nation. The new variety could potentially save the soybean industry millions of dollars per year by controlling nematodes and their reproduction cycles.
Researchers at Temple University Health System will investigate the combined impact of tobacco smoke and opiates on HIV-induced tissue damage in brain, lungs, and other organs. The study aims to better understand the pathology of HIV infection and develop new treatments for affected individuals.
The Association for Molecular Pathology has developed a new framework for defining the clinical utility of molecular diagnostics, emphasizing the importance of context in interpreting test results. This approach aims to improve patient care by providing clinically useful and appropriate testing based on realistic evidence levels.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center study found that only 4.6% of cases had discrepancies between initial and final evaluations, with most being due to process errors or interpretation errors. The study aimed to reduce discrepancy rates by identifying trends and implementing changes.
Researchers at Rice University have created a method for producing extremely pure levoglucosan, an organic compound with potential applications in pharmaceuticals and synthetic chemistry. The team's process is more economical and operationally simpler than existing methods, offering new possibilities for the production of LGA.
A study led by Johns Hopkins pathologists found routine hormone receptor testing for noninvasive breast cancer through needle biopsies is unnecessary and wasteful, costing millions annually. This practice could save up to $35 million yearly.
Researchers have discovered a chemical trail on Saturn's moon Titan that could indicate the presence of prebiotic conditions. The trail was found in the form of hydrogen cyanide, an organic chemical that can react with itself or other molecules to form long chains called polyimine.
The College of American Pathologists, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology announced a revised evidence-based guideline for molecular testing in lung cancer patients. The guidelines aim to improve patient selection and targeted therapies.
Researchers at Allina Health have developed an algorithm to simplify the complex pathology classification process for pituitary adenomas. The new system helps pathologists make a more accurate diagnosis with fewer tests, saving time and reducing costs.
Researchers found that blocking acetylcholine in genetically modified mice caused Alzheimer's-like pathology, highlighting the importance of this neurotransmitter for brain health. The study suggests that targeting one of the affected messenger RNA pathways may lead to a reversal of dementia progression.
Researchers found long-term damage to the blood-spinal cord barrier after ischemic stroke, leading to a 'toxic environment' in the spinal cord. This damage can cause further disability and exacerbate disease pathology, including motor neuron deterioration and motor dysfunction.
A special issue of Deep Sea Research II explores the global issue of chemical munitions dumped at sea, finding that while some munitions pose little risk to humans, others can have adverse effects on fish populations. International collaboration has shed light on techniques for investigating munitions dumpsites and mitigating damage.
A rare form of pulmonary hypertension has been discovered in dogs, with similar symptoms and potentially useful as a model for human PVOD. The study, published in Veterinary Pathology, could lead to new insights into the disease and its treatment options.
Researchers at Griffith University identified significant impairments in cellular function of CFS patients. They found dysfunctional signalling may contribute to impaired cell activity, aligning with symptoms. The study provides further evidence for the pathology of this disabling illness.
Researchers found that about 5% of patients experienced unexpected relapses of cancer after laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) despite favorable pathology. The use of pneumoperitoneum during LRC may have played a role in these recurrences, according to the study published in The Journal of Urology.
A study found that nearly half of routine tests for monoclonal gammopathy are unnecessary and costly. An algorithm-driven approach can improve efficiency and reduce healthcare costs by putting more decision-making power in the hands of pathologists.