Researchers at Kanazawa University used high-speed atomic force microscopy to study the TRPV1 protein's structural fluctuations in response to stimulating and suppressing ligands. They found that ligand binding increases conformational fluctuations, while suppression decreases them.
Researchers at the Institute of Industrial Science at The University of Tokyo have found that phonons in isotopically pure carbon can behave like a fluid, allowing for faster heat conduction. This phenomenon, known as phonon Poiseuille flow, has implications for cooling sensitive computer processors and improving efficiency in electron...
Researchers at TU Wien develop a quantum version of the third law of thermodynamics, finding that absolute zero is theoretically attainable but requires infinite energy, time, or complexity. This breakthrough reconciles quantum physics with thermodynamics, paving the way for the development of practical quantum computers.
Researchers at the University of Freiburg have discovered a new type of friction in proteins called anisotropic friction, which depends on direction. The discovery was made using single molecule experiments and simulations, revealing that friction increases with the pulling angle applied to a ligand from a protein.
Researchers reconstructed thermodynamics of double helix formation and breaking using simulated DNA unzipping speed. The technique can be applied to other molecular systems, including molecular motors.
Researchers at West Virginia University have developed a new theory that extends the first law of thermodynamics to systems not in equilibrium. This breakthrough has numerous potential applications across physics and other sciences, including studying plasmas in space and low-temperature plasmas.
The researchers aim to create a set of tools to help other chemists select and produce the right crystal structures for new drugs, potentially saving time and cost. By understanding how molecules crystallize, they hope to speed up the development process and lower costs.
Scientists have found that manipulating entanglement in quantum systems is inherently irreversible, ruling out the possibility of a second law. This means that entanglement entropy cannot fully recover invested entanglement, making it impossible to transform states back and forth.
A team of researchers from The University of Tokyo created a computer simulation to study the phase separation of counter-rotating particles in a fluid. They found that nonlinear turbulent effects lead to the sudden separation of particles into regions of clockwise and counterclockwise collections.
The Tibetan Plateau's frozen ground is experiencing diverse variations in thawing due to uneven wetting under climate change. The study found that arid regions have become warmer and wetter, while humid regions have become warmer but drier. This has led to a reduction in permafrost area by 28% as substantial wetting in arid areas exert...
Computer simulations demonstrate that chaos plays a crucial role in the emergence of thermodynamic behavior from quantum theory. A quantum system with indistinguishable particles and a thermometer-like particle shows a temperature distribution consistent with Boltzmann's rules only when the system exhibits chaos.
Scientists have discovered that breaking symmetries in nanophotonic materials can control thermal emission, enabling narrowband, directional, or polarized emissions. This can improve the efficiency of energy conversion and harvesting applications by exploiting the magneto-optical effect and spatiotemporal modulation.
A team of researchers from Korea investigated the dynamics of the p-Laplacian AC equation, finding that solutions maintain three criteria: phase separation, boundedness, and energy decay properties. They also identified an advantage of p-AC equation over classical Laplacian in adjusting interface sharpness.
Researchers developed a machine-learning model to predict heat capacity of MOFs, enabling more efficient applications in energy and climate change. The model's accuracy was improved by removing solvent from pores during synthesis.
Scientists at The University of Tokyo's Institute of Industrial Science have developed a novel theory for describing nonlinear dissipative phenomena in a dual geometric space. This work enables the extension of thermodynamics to complex chemical reaction networks, including those involved in living organisms' metabolism and growth.
Researchers from The University of Tokyo created a geometric technique to characterize self-replication processes, shedding light on living systems' environmental conditions. This work aims to improve our understanding of biological reproduction and the theoretical limits governing chemistry and biology.
UPF researchers used the principles of the second law of thermodynamics to understand and model different brain states. By quantifying the hierarchy of brain function, they developed a robust biomarker that distinguishes between conscious and unconscious states.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to describe cavitation bubbles in soft porous materials. The model breaks down classic scaling relations and provides new insights into bubble behavior. Potential applications include targeted drug delivery and understanding traumatic brain injuries.
Researchers at CUNY Graduate Center explore how particles and cells give rise to large-scale dynamics that we experience as the passage of time. They found that the arrow of time emerges from simple interactions between pairs of neurons, not large groups. This discovery has implications for physics, neuroscience, and biology.
Researchers at Texas A&M University developed an AI framework to predict oxidation behavior of high entropy alloys, reducing experimental analysis time from years to minutes. This allows for the discovery of materials suitable for extreme environments, such as gas turbines and heat exchangers.
A new study from the University of Portsmouth discovers that information entropy decreases over time, unlike the second law of thermodynamics. This finding has massive implications for future developments in genome research, evolutionary biology, and computing.
Researchers have overcome thermodynamic limitations to grow high-quality multilayer MoS2 4-inch wafers via layer-by-layer epitaxy. This achievement paves the way for large-scale high-performance 2D electronic devices, including sub-10 nm ultra-short channel devices and flexible displays.
Researchers have realized giant enhancement of two-dimensional excitonic upconversion using doubly resonant plasmonic nanocavity. The system boosts upconversion intensity by over 1000-fold and reduces saturation threshold power by 2-3 orders. This achievement lays a solid foundation for net optical refrigeration.
A new mathematical model has been developed to reproduce the experimental results of topological change in a partially miscible VF pattern. The researchers successfully incorporated phase separation effects and the Korteweg force into the classical miscible VF model.
Australian researchers have developed a device that can generate electricity from thermal radiation using technology similar to night-vision goggles. The team successfully tested a 'thermo-radiative diode' capable of converting infrared heat into electrical power, with the potential to harness solar energy at night.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University have discovered a deep connection between two previously distinct fields of physics, stochastic thermodynamics and transition-path theory, allowing for a framework to quantify reaction information. This framework enables researchers to separate signal from noise in massive datasets, facilitating b...
Researchers used optical tweezers to study protein folding, revealing entropy and enthalpy levels for the first time. The team discovered that during transition states, the protein skeletal structure is built, but most van der Waals interactions remain unstable.
Physicist Dr Melvin Vopson's latest experiment aims to detect and measure information in elementary particles using particle-antiparticle collision. If successful, it could confirm information as the fifth state of matter, changing our understanding of the universe.
Researchers at Penn State have developed Zentropy theory, a new approach to understanding entropy that can predict anomalies in physical properties like volume. The theory may lead to breakthroughs in designing superconducting materials and structural materials that withstand higher temperatures.
A study by Sibani Lisa Biswal and Kedar Joshi shows that magnetically driven colloidal suspensions exhibit behavior consistent with the principles of classical thermodynamics, including vapor pressure, viscosity, and surface tension. The researchers' findings have implications for designing materials with reconfigurable properties.
The study shows that constructor-based irreversibility is compatible with quantum theory's time-reversible laws. Researchers used high-precision single-photon qubits to demonstrate this, confirming their theoretical predictions and numerical simulations.
A research group from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics used non-toxic GeX4 as precursors to synthesize Pb-free and Pb-based PNCs with improved optoelectronic quality. They attributed this success to better control over halide ion release, resulting in regular crystal surfaces with fewer point defects.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers has confirmed that black holes are indeed giant fuzzballs, a concept first proposed in 2004. The study proved theorems showing that the fuzzball theory remains the most likely solution to Hawking's paradox, which had long plagued the string theory community. In contrast, the wormhole par...
A new study shows that quantum systems can exist in a superposition of forward and backward time flows, blurring the traditional concept of time. This phenomenon has practical implications for quantum thermodynamics, potentially offering advantages in thermal machines and refrigerators.
Researchers used machine learning to simulate and analyze gold nanoparticles at high temperatures, providing a key mechanistic picture of the melting mechanism. The study enables fast prediction of forces acting on atoms in nanoparticles, accelerating simulations that would take thousands of years with traditional methods.
Researchers at the University of Surrey have discovered a fundamental connection between atomic nucleus sizes and black hole thermodynamics. By applying geometrical thermodynamics, they were able to accurately calculate nuclear radii for helium isotopes without relying on conventional microscopic models.
A new approach evaluates vaporization enthalpies of alkylaromatic compounds and their derivatives, showing high accuracy compared to experimental methods. The method uses additivity principles and accounts for non-additive effects due to π-conjugation and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Historical context of black hole thermodynamics investigated through Roger Penrose's energy extraction theory and its influence on Stephen Hawking's groundbreaking discovery of black hole radiation. The study explores the connections between Western and Soviet physicists, shedding new light on the development of this field.
Scientists at Wuhan University have developed a novel method to synthesize 2D rare earth oxides (REOs) with specific facets. The technique uses a facet controlling assistor to control the growth mode and direction of crystals, leading to anisotropic growth of non-layered REOs materials.
Scientists harness light to alter solid properties and create new applications for high-speed information processing, lossless energy transfer, and quantum technologies. The team reviews the latest developments in ultrafast materials science and explores unifying themes for controlling materials with light.
Fire tests in Austrian tunnels found that e-vehicles pose a lower risk than conventional cars. However, multistorey car parks and commercial vehicles like e-buses and e-trucks require further investigation. The results provide reassurance for tunnel safety.
A Japanese collaborative team presents a novel method for tuning hydrodynamic interfacial instability through a thermodynamic parameter controlling liquid–liquid phase separation. They successfully predict pattern changes of a growing interface by applying the maximum entropy production principle.
Researchers at the University of Göttingen have discovered a novel type of ordering effect generated and sustained by steady shear deformation. They found that under sufficient driving force, an interesting ordering effect emerges, revealing a hidden order in the force directions.
Researchers have developed a novel gas sensor using SnS2/black phosphorus heterostructure that can detect trace levels of NO2 as low as 100 ppb at room temperature. The sensor achieves high response, fast response/recovery, and good stability due to Lewis acidity suppression.
Researchers at North Carolina State University developed a new method to calculate thermodynamic properties using partition function zeros on quantum computers. By calculating the zeros of the partition function, they can determine free energy, entropy, and other properties without necessitating huge numbers of quantum computations.
Researchers at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology have discovered a non-classical nucleation process that can greatly facilitate ice formation on foreign surfaces. This finding has the potential to decelerate glacier melting and alleviate environmental concerns by predicting and controlling crystallization processes.
Researchers at TU Wien have invented a new cooling concept that combines thermodynamics and quantum physics to break low-temperature records. By using quantum effects to cool a cloud of ultracold atoms, they achieved temperatures closer to absolute zero than ever before.
Scientists introduced tiny precipitates into an alloy, tuning their size and spacing to enhance both strength and ductility. This approach allows for the creation of lightweight, strong materials that can withstand catastrophic deformation without breaking.
Physicists have finally experimentally documented the melting of Wigner Crystals into a liquid in response to quantum fluctuations, a long-sought-after goal in the field. The study used a novel experimental technique to observe this transition in atomically thin semiconductor bilayers.
University of Pittsburgh researchers received prestigious awards for their work on phase diagrams, thermodynamic properties, and uncertainty quantification in alloy powder production. Assistant Professor Wei Xiong won the inaugural CALPHAD Young Leader Award, while graduate student Xin Wang received the Best Poster Award.
A team from the University of Arizona recreated the history of a dust grain formed during the solar system's birth, providing insights into planetary system formation processes. The analysis revealed clues about the environmental conditions that shaped the grain's journey, contradicting current theories on protoplanetary disk physics.
Professor Yuri Mishin at George Mason University is advancing understanding of interface thermodynamics and kinetics through atomic modeling. He aims to investigate grain boundary segregation, phase transformations, and solute drag effects in alloys.
A team of bioengineers defined ten overarching classes of constraints on early metabolic networks based on basic chemistry and physics. These abiotic constraints dictate fundamental aspects of chemical processes, influencing the evolution of alternative transport systems and stress response mechanisms.
A research team at USTC reports a new class of axial superlattice nanowires (ASLNWs) that enable large lattice-mismatch tolerance and vast material combinations. They achieve this by designing an axial encoding methodology for predictable, high-precision synthesis.
Harvard researchers develop a stable solid-state lithium battery that can be charged and discharged at least 10,000 times, increasing the lifetime of electric vehicles to 10-15 years. The battery's multilayer design prevents dendrite growth, allowing for high current density and quick charging.
A new experiment has found that the accuracy of a clock is directly proportional to the amount of heat supplied, with more energy consumed resulting in more accurate timekeeping. This discovery has implications for future technologies and suggests that clocks are constrained by thermodynamics.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a novel thermometer to measure temperatures during quantum calculations with extremely high accuracy. The breakthrough provides a benchmarking tool for quantum computing and opens up experiments in quantum thermodynamics.
Researchers have made groundbreaking discoveries about the formation of galaxies and stars using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. By analyzing microwave observations, they found that only a small percentage of gas in galaxies (about 10%) is turned into stars, shedding light on why galaxy formation remains inefficient.
Researchers developed a new quantum theory that resolves the Gibbs paradox, a 150-year-old thermodynamic thought experiment. The study shows that even an 'ignorant' experimenter can extract work from a mixing process in a quantum system.
Engineers at Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg create turbine blades with integrated drives to optimize flow and reduce stall conditions, leading to increased efficiency and lifespan. This technology aims to combat climate change by harnessing sustainable tidal energy, reducing the need for high-performance materials.