Articles tagged with Metaanalysis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer may be spared radiotherapy following surgery. The authors recommend closely following patients after surgery and offering radiotherapy only if the cancer recurs. This approach may spare many men from radiotherapy's associate...
Folate, magnesium, and dairy products have been found to be associated with a lower risk of bowel cancer. A diet high in fibre, fruit, and vegetables also shows promise, while garlic, onions, tea, coffee, fish, and meat may not have the same protective effect.
A trusting therapeutic relationship and collaborative approach between therapist and patient are crucial for successful mental illness treatment. Early alliance in therapy also plays a significant role in reducing symptoms and improving outcomes.
A systematic review of COVID-19 ICU mortality rates shows a relative decrease from 60% to 42% between March and May. Despite variations in admission criteria, treatments, and geographical location, the overall trend suggests improved survival rates for patients with severe COVID-19.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that COVID-19 patients commonly report gastrointestinal symptoms, with high rates of fecal viral shedding detected in stool samples. The study provides insight into the prevalence of these symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
A recent meta-analysis found that the treatment gap between men and women for stroke has narrowed to 13%, with most studies showing differences of less than 1% in thrombolysis treatment rates. The study suggests that additional research is needed to understand why a gap persists and whether it continues to decrease.
Researchers found that functional MRI measurements are highly suspect for predicting individual brain patterns, leading them to shift focus to brain structure measures instead. The study's findings have significant implications for the field of fMRI research, highlighting the need for more reliable methods.
A recent study analyzed 33 psychology meta-analyses and found that only 55% of effect sizes could be reproduced without issues. The researchers recommend improving data handling practices and workflow to increase the trustworthiness of meta-analytic results.
A meta-analysis of biotrophs, hemibiotrophs, and necrotrophs found a significant relationship between trophic type and latent period. Hemibiotrophic pathogens have the longest latent periods, while necrotrophic pathogens have the shortest.
A meta-analysis of existing data from 4,968 pregnant women found that artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) were significantly more effective than quinine in treating malaria. ACTs had better tolerability, with a lower risk of side effects, making them a safer option for pregnant women.
A study of 5,780 individuals found that prior beliefs do not influence responses to uncertainty in news, but rather impact trust in facts. Communicating numerical uncertainty may not be counterproductive when it comes to increasing public trust in facts.
A new meta-analysis of health data from over 1 million participants found no association between moderate egg consumption and cardiovascular disease risk. Researchers concluded that eggs can be part of a healthy eating pattern, but are not essential.
A large US-based observational study found no association between moderate egg intake and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Egg consumption was not linked to higher rates of heart attacks, strokes, or coronary heart disease. However, replacing eggs with processed red meat may be associated with an increased CVD risk.
A new meta-analysis found that tart cherry concentrate significantly improved endurance exercise performance when consumed for seven days to 1.5 hours before cycling, swimming or running. The study pooled results from 10 previously published studies and concluded that tart cherries improved performance in endurance-trained individuals.
A meta-analysis of five controlled trials including 471 patients found that vitamin C administration shortened ventilation time by 25% on average, with the effect dependent on the severity of illness. Vitamin C has been shown to have various biochemical effects, including influencing cardiovascular and energy metabolism.
A meta-analysis of North American and European studies found that less intense lawn mowing leads to increased pollinators, plant diversity, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, intense mowing favors pest species, weeds, and drought events. Long grass also reduces the need for pesticides and fertilizers.
A meta-analysis of 250 studies reveals that approximately 1.4 billion people worldwide, or 19%, are exposed to Toxocara. The prevalence rates vary greatly between regions, with highest rates in Africa and East Asia.
Research suggests that moderate coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition characterized by insulin resistance, hypertension, and obesity. The study highlights the potential role of polyphenols in coffee in reducing MetS risk.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of nine longitudinal studies involving over eight million people found that increasing green areas can prevent premature all-cause mortality. The analysis revealed a 4% reduction in premature mortality per each increment of 0.1 in vegetation score within 500 meters of the residence.
Research at McMaster University found that cannabis use didn't reduce illicit opioid use during treatment and failed to retain people in treatment. The study involved over 3,600 participants and provided limited insight into the potential benefits of cannabis as an 'exit drug' for opioid use disorder.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials found only three significant improvements in acne severity with blue light therapy. The majority of trials lack sufficient evidence to conclude the treatment's efficacy, highlighting the need for more research.
Researchers discovered 48 genetic variations associated with brainstem and subcortical structure volumes, including those related to diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The study's findings may lead to novel drug targets for treating these conditions.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 58 studies found that people with psoriasis are at a higher risk of developing and dying from cancer. The research suggests a potential underlying biological mechanism for the increased cancer risk in patients with psoriasis.
Children with autism spectrum disorders have a 41.1% higher risk of developing obesity compared to matched groups, with 22 out of 100 affected. Additionally, certain subgroups, such as non-Caucasian race and female children, are disproportionately affected by excess weight gain.
The study graded 45 meta-analyses of observational studies, assessing the association between antidepressant use or exposure and adverse health outcomes. The findings indicate mixed results across different populations, highlighting the need for further research to determine the causal relationship.
An observational study of nearly 230,000 participants found that optimism was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events and overall death. The review's findings suggest that interventions promoting optimism may have potential health benefits.
A recent systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that artificial intelligence can detect diseases from medical imaging with similar accuracy to health-care professionals. However, the true power of AI remains uncertain due to limited high-quality studies, and researchers call for higher standards of research and reporting.
A systematic review of 58 studies from 23 countries found no association between overall screen time and academic performance. However, excessive TV and video game use was linked to poorer grades.
A large meta-analysis of over 2 million pregnancies has found a 53% increased risk of gestational diabetes in women who conceived through IVF compared to natural conception. The study also suggests that pregnancies achieved by assisted reproduction technologies are associated with more obstetric and perinatal complications.
A meta-analysis found that drinking light to moderate amounts of alcohol decreases triglyceride levels and insulin in people with T2DM. The study suggests that further research is needed to evaluate the effects of alcohol consumption on blood sugar management
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that the FDA approved drugs and devices based on nonrandomized clinical trials (10%), with estimated treatment effects higher for these approvals. The study's findings suggest that no clear threshold of treatment effect exists, which may lead to more frequent RCTs in the future.
A study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that differences between people with autism and the general population are shrinking over time. The researchers believe that changes in diagnostic criteria, such as a shift from lack of interest in others to simply having fewer friends, are contributing to the apparent increase in prevalence
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 128,000 participants found a significant association between e-cigarette use and increased risk of marijuana use among adolescents and young adults. The study suggests that e-cigarette use may be a gateway to marijuana use, particularly among vulnerable populations.
A comprehensive review of 103 studies involving nearly 478,000 European children aged 2-13 found that nearly 20% were obese and over 15% were overweight. The study highlights the urgent need for effective prevention strategies to address childhood obesity in Europe.
A systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the rate of new cases of frailty and prefrailty among older adults, with a high risk of progressing to frailty. The study combined results from 46 observational studies involving nearly 121,000 non-frail adults from 28 countries.
A recent meta-analysis of research on implicit bias found that changing people's biases may not necessarily lead to changes in related behaviors. The study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, reviewed 492 studies and found no evidence of a causal relationship between biased thinking and behavior.
A new meta-analysis of 31 studies found that parent-based interventions increase condom use among adolescents and have specific features that enhance their effectiveness. These include targeting younger adolescents, culturally specific programs, equal involvement of parents and teens, and longer program durations.
This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant association between adherence to plant-based eating habits and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts was linked to lower diabetes risk in adults.
A meta-analysis of 61 neuroimaging studies involving 1,850 participants found no correlation between biological sex and brain responses to visual sexual stimuli. The findings contradict previous assumptions about sex-dependent differences in men's and women's reactions to visual erotic stimuli.
A meta-analysis of up to 4.4 million adult participants found that preterm birth is associated with lower rates of romantic relationships, sexual relations, and parenthood. This may be due to social withdrawal and low risk-taking in adolescence, but supportive interventions can help.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 studies found an association between being born preterm or low birth weight and later social outcomes. Adults born preterm or low birth weight were more likely to have difficulties in romantic partnerships and friendships, as well as a reduced likelihood of becoming parents.
African countries study finds that 87.5% of mosquito bites occur indoors, while bed-time bites account for 79.4%, highlighting the need for effective vector control measures.
A meta-analysis of 15 million pregnancies found that the longer a pregnancy continues past 37 weeks gestation, the higher the risk of stillbirth. The risk increased with advancing gestation, with a 64% increase in stillbirths between 40-41 weeks and 3.18 stillbirths per 1000 pregnancies at 42 weeks.
A meta-analysis of 60 million individuals in high-income countries found significant decreases in HPV infections, anogenital wart diagnoses, and precancerous cervical lesions (CIN2+) after girls-only HPV vaccination. The study supports the WHO's revised position on vaccinating multiple age cohorts of girls aged 9-14 years old.
The American Heart Association statement addresses the controversy surrounding paclitaxel-eluting stents and drug-coated balloons in peripheral interventions. Despite a 2018 meta-analysis suggesting increased mortality with paclitaxel exposure, individual sponsor-driven analyses have failed to replicate these findings.
Research from Iowa State University found that cultural values significantly limit the effectiveness of transformational leadership. The four core components of transformational leadership were tested in nearly 200 studies of over 57,000 employees from 34 countries.
Researchers analyzed 82 studies on working memory mechanisms in adults of different age groups. Meta-analyses showed that brain function decreases agreement with aging, suggesting functional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex. This changes may be a sign of compensatory function or increased variability in older adults.
Psychologists have found that facial expressions can influence emotional feelings, with smiling making people feel happier and scowling making them feel angrier. The study combined data from nearly 50 years of research involving over 11,000 participants.
A new study published in Advances in Nutrition reveals that refined grains are not associated with increased disease risk and premature death. Refined grain intake was found to have an inverse association with total cancer deaths and a statistically significant inverse association with all-cause death rate.
A meta-analysis of 473 patients found that weight loss reduces headache frequency, pain intensity, and disability in obese migraine sufferers. Weight loss through bariatric surgery or behavioral intervention also shows significant improvements.
A proposed blockchain-based platform can record researchers' workflows and track analysts' decisions in meta-analyses, facilitating transparency and reproducibility. This approach aims to identify inconsistencies between contradictory results by pinpointing individual timestamps of analytic decisions.
A study published in The Lancet reveals that consuming at least 25g to 29g of dietary fibre per day can reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and colorectal cancer by 16-24%. Whole grains also show promise in reducing mortality rates and incidence of these diseases.
A meta-analysis of nearly 80,000 firms across 20 countries found that independent audit committees offer the strongest protection against corporate misconduct. The study also showed that national corruption can undermine the effectiveness of board independence variants in curbing misconduct.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that CoQ10 supplementation significantly reduced total-cholesterol, malondialdehyde, and creatinine levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. The treatment did not affect other metabolic markers, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit for CKD patients.
Researchers found corticosteroids, biologics, and immunosuppressive agents to be effective for treating urticarial vasculitis. Antihistamines and other anti-inflammatory drugs were ineffective, contrary to common practice.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-digital board games found promising results in improving health-related knowledge and behaviors. The study evaluated 21 studies and revealed that board games can be a widely disseminable method for delivering the benefits of games for health.
Researchers used statistical tools to analyze data from 55 studies on dietary oils and found seed oils, such as sunflower oil and flaxseed oil, perform best in improving cholesterol. However, there are caveats, including the study only measured blood lipids and may not be applicable to clinical outcomes.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that sexual minority adolescents are at a greater risk of attempted suicide compared to their heterosexual peers. The study estimated over 2.3 million heterosexual and 113,468 sexual minority adolescents from 35 studies conducted in 10 countries.
A large meta-analysis of over 191,000 postmenopausal women found that early menopause and premature ovarian failure are associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Women who begin menopause before age 40 are 50% more likely to develop the disease than those with normal menopause between ages 45-55.
Research explores digital media's effects on children, revealing enhanced phoneme learning and potential links to aggressive behavior. Early media exposure also affects attention in young minds.