Articles tagged with Preventive Medicine
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
This cross-sectional study reveals a substantial rise in alcohol-associated liver disease mortality, particularly among women and younger adults. The findings highlight the importance of targeted public health initiatives to address this growing health concern.
A cohort study suggests severe neonatal morbidity is a significant risk factor for childhood mortality, highlighting the importance of preventing and identifying early signs of severe conditions. Efforts to reduce mortality through infancy and late adolescence may benefit from targeted prevention strategies.
A cross-sectional study found significant differences in poor mental health among US workers by sociodemographic categories and industry/occupation groups. The findings suggest that work-related factors may contribute to mental health outcomes, underscoring the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
A study found that knowledge-based messages are more well-received than those focusing on avoiding pain during a pap test. Demonstrating medical instruments like the speculum can cause unintentional fear, especially when combined with messaging about potential discomfort.
The CONFIDENCE trial demonstrates that combination therapy with finerenone and empagliflozin leads to significantly greater reductions in albuminuria than either agent alone. The study shows a 52% median reduction in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, achieving the ADA-recommended target for 70% of patients.
Researchers found that higher McCance Brain Care Score is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease and three common cancers worldwide. The score evaluates physical, lifestyle, and social-emotional domains linked to brain health.
Long-term data from the Phase 1/2 study of zigakibart demonstrate sustained proteinuria remission, stable kidney function, and a reassuring safety profile in patients with IgA nephropathy. The treatment also led to reductions in serum immunoglobulins, consistent with APRIL pathway inhibition.
A national decline in measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccinations has been observed across US counties since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, with an average decline of 2.67% and 78% of counties reporting drops in vaccinations.
A new study found that routine testing for multiple infectious diseases among migrants can identify key infections earlier, improving health outcomes and reducing onward transmission. The Leicester screening programme, which tested 4004 migrant patients, revealed new diagnoses of TB, Hepatitis B and C, and HIV.
A first-of-its-kind clinical trial demonstrates the impact of therapeutic plasma exchange on biological age, reducing it by an average of 2.6 years. The study used multi-omics biomarkers to investigate the effects of TPE on biological age and found promising results for its potential in disease prevention and longevity applications.
A study by researchers at the University of Arizona Health Sciences found that vaccinated people generated an overall protective immune response to Delta and Omicron strains, with slightly fewer antibodies for the mutated parts of the virus. The research suggests that immune changes due to antigenic imprinting may not be a significant ...
Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the third most common stroke type, accounting for 5-10% of all strokes. Despite declining age-standardized burden rates, SAH remains a major public health concern globally.
A new study found that eight times more American young adults now take HIV-prevention medication than a decade ago, but inconsistent use and barriers persist. PrEP can reduce the chances of acquiring HIV by 99%, emphasizing the need for healthcare providers and public health agencies to promote consistent use among high-risk patients.
A new smartphone app, ECHAS, can help people determine if they are suffering from a heart attack or stroke and need medical attention. The app, developed by experts at UVA Health and other leading institutions, proved effective in identifying patients with cardiac and neurological emergencies.
A cohort study found children on the path to obesity by age 3.5, highlighting modifiable risk factors that can be targeted in prevention programs. The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort provided valuable insights into early-life factors and BMI trajectories.
A 25-year review highlights the stomach cancer-fighting potential of Brazilian plant species, which contain bioactive compounds with potential anticancer properties. The studies suggest that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in polyphenols and flavonoids may help lower the risk of stomach cancer.
A new partnership between Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Retro Biosciences will advance personalized therapies for children and adults with bone marrow failure, leukaemia, and other blood disorders. The $35M agreement aims to develop autologous therapies using the breakthrough blood stem cell discovery.
A new partnership between Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Retro Biosciences aims to develop personalized blood stem cell treatments for children and adults with blood disorders. The collaboration has the potential to prevent complications from mismatched donors by using a patient's own perfectly matched cells in transplants.
MIT researchers develop polymer microparticles that release vaccine doses at predetermined times after injection, reducing the need for follow-up shots. The particles showed comparable antibody levels to traditional vaccines in mice, paving the way for potential childhood vaccines with fewer doses.
The USPSTF recommends early, universal screening for syphilis infection during pregnancy to prevent congenital syphilis. Untreated syphilis can cause premature birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth in the fetus.
The Buck Institute's hybrid intervention combines a daily ketone ester with ICOPE-INTENSE, a personalized approach improving Intrinsic Capacity and age-related functions. The team aims to restore muscle, cognition, and immune function by 10 years in one year or less.
A recent study found that a protein called URI degrades p53, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumour formation. Researchers have identified URI as a crucial regulator of p53 levels, which may be associated with environmental factors such as poor diet.
A new study reveals a significant increase in ischemic heart disease prevalence across Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania between 1990-2021. The regions experience distinct risk factors, including air pollution, dietary patterns, and high blood pressure.
Researchers from Japan evaluate the LC16m8 vaccine, an attenuated vaccinia virus strain, for its efficacy and safety against mpox. The study confirms the vaccine's ability to induce strong immune responses and protect against mpox in mice, monkeys, and humans.
Viet Le, a clinician and researcher, will serve as the next editor of the American College of Cardiology's CardioSmart program. The program aims to personalize care and foster partnership between patients and clinicians through trusted resources and tools.
A systematic review found a strong association between ultra-processed food consumption and adverse health outcomes. The study suggests that limiting intake of such foods may offer measurable health benefits.
Researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital found that teen drivers in vehicles 6-15 years old and those with fewer driver assistance technologies had a higher risk of death in fatal crashes. The study also showed that driving newer vehicles can reduce the risk of fatal crashes for teen drivers.
A cross-sectional study finds a doubling in nicotine pouch past-30-day use and an increase in pouch plus e-cigarette dual use, leading to decreased exclusive e-cigarette use among US 10th and 12th graders. Prioritizing surveillance, regulation, and prevention strategies is crucial for addressing pediatric nicotine pouch use.
A new study identified 56 non-clinical risk factors associated with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), finding that improving unfavorable profiles could prevent up to 63% of SCA cases. Lifestyle habits and environmental factors were found to be the most impactful in preventing SCA cases.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) emphasizes the need for high immunization coverage to protect European populations from diseases like measles and polio. Vaccination remains a crucial tool in public health, with recent data showing a tenfold surge in reported measles cases in the EU/EEA.
The study estimates that expanded Medicare coverage for GLP-1RAs would increase access to these treatments and reduce obesity-related comorbidities. However, this would come with substantial costs over a decade, projected at $8 billion, highlighting the need for further price reductions and cost-saving strategies.
Experts argue that large health care platforms are exhibiting concerning traits similar to big tech, including monopoly power, reduced innovation, and increased costs. They recommend antitrust attention and action to prevent further consolidation and promote vigorous competition.
A new study from the University of Missouri suggests that exercise can improve brain health and mitigate cognitive decline, even when ketone production in the liver is impaired. The research found that endurance exercise can prevent cognitive impairment caused by compromised hepatic ketogenesis.
A recent study by the University of Zurich examined the connection between retinal nerve connections and schizophrenia. The researchers found that individuals with a higher genetic risk for schizophrenia tend to have thinner retinas, which can be detected using non-invasive retinal measurements.
A UConn clinical trial confirms walnuts improve colonic health by reducing systemic inflammation and increasing the production of potent anti-inflammatory molecules called urolithins. Elevated urolithin A levels correlated with reduced colon cancer risk, particularly in obese patients.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open highlights the need for tailored prevention strategies for at-risk women. The research found that less than one-third of women who died by firearm suicide had documented evidence of mental health treatment.
A cohort study found that hearing loss is associated with an increased risk of incident dementia in older adults. Treating hearing loss may help delay dementia onset for a large number of people, suggesting potential benefits for dementia prevention.
Research found that certain diabetes medications associated with weight loss can contribute to muscle mass loss and increased risk of falls. The study identified three significant risk factors for falls: history of falls, use of SGLT2 inhibitors, and advanced age.
A systematic review of nearly 6000 runners found that lower energy and fat intakes were strongly associated with a higher risk of injury in female runners. A low-fibre diet also increased the likelihood of bone stress injuries.
The USPSTF updates its recommendation on primary care interventions to support breastfeeding, citing established associations between breastfeeding and child health benefits. As of 2021, 59.8% of infants at 6 months are breastfed, while 27.2% are exclusively breastfed.
Invasive group A Streptococcus infections increased substantially in 10 US states between 2013 and 2022. Accelerated prevention efforts are needed, especially among high-risk groups, to combat the spread of this bacterial infection.
Researchers at Nagoya University have discovered a unique sound stimulation technology that alleviates motion sickness, reducing symptoms by up to a minute of stimulation. The device stimulates the inner ear with a specific wavelength of sound, activating the vestibular system and improving balance.
A global study led by UCalgary researchers found that one in five people who experience a minor stroke or TIA will have another stroke within 10 years. The study analyzed data from over 171,000 patients across four continents and shows a persistently high risk of future strokes for at least a decade.
A new Electronic Frailty Index 2 (eFI2) system will improve the accuracy of identifying older people's frailty by integrating data on 36 health problems. This will enable GPs to provide personalized treatments to prevent costly loss of independence and falls in older age.
A UniSA-led study is trialing medication safety rounds in aged care homes to identify and address potential problems with medication use. The project aims to reduce medication-induced harm and improve residents' health and wellbeing through pharmacist-led safety rounds, adapting an existing palliative care need rounds model.
A study published in JAMA found that patients who have experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke are at a persistently high risk of subsequent stroke. The findings highlight the need for improved long-term stroke prevention measures in this patient group.
The Ochsner Children's & ISMP Safe Medication Management Fellowship aims to educate pharmacist leaders in the fight against medication errors. Participants will learn from ISMP's experts virtually and support error prevention efforts onsite at Ochsner Children's in New Orleans.
A study found that US avoidable mortality has increased across all states, while neighboring high-income countries have seen improvements in health outcomes. This unexpected trend raises questions about the efficiency of US healthcare spending.
The INHALE-3 extension study found that a regimen of inhaled technosphere insulin and insulin degludec reduced post-meal hyperglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. The treatment showed significant improvements in mean time in range, with 43% of participants expressing interest in continuing the regimen.
The Dexcom G7 CGM device demonstrated an accuracy of 8.0% in a study involving 130 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, setting a new standard for continuous glucose monitoring devices.
Researchers found that ultrafine bubble showers significantly suppressed inflammation in mice with atopic dermatitis caused by external factors. The treatment also improved skin protective barrier proteins. However, no significant effects were seen in mice with atopic dermatitis caused by genetic factors.
A new study found that poor sleep health is associated with a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes. Women who slept six hours or fewer per night had a 32% higher risk compared to those who met the recommended seven to eight hours of sleep.
A study by Oregon State University researchers found that incorporating a lower extremity injury prevention program reduces ACL tears and healthcare expenses by over 70%. Implementing such programs could save $60 million annually in the US high school soccer community.
A new study analyzing global data from 1990 to 2021 found significant cross-country disparities in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, with approximately two-thirds of individuals living in low- and middle-income countries. The study highlights the need for targeted prevention and control strategies in different countries.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reports a significant increase in measles cases across EU/EEA countries, with eight out of ten unvaccinated individuals contracting the disease. Vaccination levels fall short of the 95% target, leaving vulnerable populations susceptible to measles.
A responsive parenting intervention demonstrated a significant reduction in child weight outcomes from age 3 to 9 compared to a control group. The intervention's benefits were most pronounced among female participants, and its long-term effects may be sustained with a life-course approach.
A recent study in Frontiers in Public Health documents the prevalence of suicide among musicians, highlighting occupational mortality data from England and US epidemiological data. The research emphasizes the need for evidence-based interventions addressing systemic stressors in music careers.
A cohort study found that consuming more butter was associated with higher mortality rates, whereas increasing consumption of plant-based oils was linked to lower mortality. Substituting butter with plant-based oils may provide substantial benefits in preventing premature deaths.
Pacific children are not meeting daily recommended intakes for key micronutrients, leading to associations with childhood obesity and acanthosis nigricans. The study highlights excessive sodium intake across the region, posing cardiovascular health risks.
Research reveals nearly 10% of individuals with disabilities misused prescription drugs in the past year, compared to 4.4% without disabilities. Young adults and those with cognitive disabilities are particularly vulnerable to prescription drug misuse.