Articles tagged with Pneumonia
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Researchers explore ECMO and CRRT treatment in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients, achieving a 100% survival rate for those with cardiopulmonary failure. The combined therapy is deemed an important treatment technique for critically ill patients.
Researchers identified genetic factors increasing pneumonia risk in patients of European and African ancestry, highlighting potential disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. The study may aid efforts to identify high-risk patients and develop targeted treatments.
Researchers at Northwestern University identified critical targets to treat severe COVID-19 pneumonia and lessen its damage. The study suggests macrophages can be infected by SARS-CoV-2, contributing to the infection's spread.
Research suggests that state laws requiring flu vaccination for hospital workers can reduce pneumonia and influenza mortality rates, particularly among the elderly. A quasi-experimental study found a 2.5% reduction in monthly pneumonia and influenza mortality rates after law implementation, averting approximately 1,822 deaths.
A new study found that COVID-19 patients are at a higher risk of health complications, hospital readmission, and death in the first 10 days after leaving the hospital. In contrast, heart failure and pneumonia patients have different patterns of readmission or death over 60 days.
COVID-19 patients are at increased risk of pulmonary thromboembolism due to endothelial injury, activated platelets, cytokine storms, and suppressed fibrinolytic systems. Early prophylaxis, antiviral therapy, and supportive treatment can mitigate this complication.
Researchers found T cell hyperactivation and paralysis in severe COVID-19 patients, leading to unbalanced immune response. This imbalance may cause severe pneumonia, highlighting potential new treatment targets.
The study found that tocilizumab significantly improved survival rates among adults hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia compared to standard care. By reducing mortality and shortening hospital stays, the treatment offers a promising alternative for critically ill patients.
Researchers compared tocilizumab with standard care to prevent clinical worsening in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. Early administration of tocilizumab was found to be effective in reducing the risk of worsening in these patients.
A Danish study found that patients taking ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers had lower mortality rates from influenza and pneumonia. The study analyzed data from over 500,000 hospitalizations between 2005-2018 and showed a significant protective effect against severe illness.
Researchers propose endotracheal aspirates as an attractive alternative to invasive bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia. The study revealed that ETA is functionally diverse and highly enriched in proteins involved in immunity, suggesting its potential to detect lung infection earlier and more accurately.
This study investigates the antimicrobial effect of rosemary and ginger essential oil-based nano-sized formulations on colistin-resistant K. pneumonia clinical isolates. The results show that oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles exhibit high antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, inhibiting the expression of the biofilm gene mrkD.
A study found that 26% of young hospitalised patients with COVID-19 developed pneumonia, while severe cases accounted for 2%. The study highlights the risk of pneumonia and severe pneumonia among young individuals, emphasizing the need for awareness and vigilance.
A new study published in The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific found that the pneumococcal vaccine PCV13 reduced hypoxic pneumonia and pneumonia requiring oxygen support by 37 per cent in children in Laos. This significant reduction in severe cases has great potential to alleviate the burden of disease on vulnerable populations.
Researchers developed a curcumin-functionalized endotracheal tube that inactivates up to 95% of bacteria when illuminated. This innovation may help prevent hospital-acquired infections and reduce the need for antibiotic treatment.
A study of nearly 3 million Americans found that influenza and pneumonia vaccinations significantly reduced hospital death rates among patients with heart failure. Vaccination coverage remains low, but the study's findings support annual immunizations for patients with heart failure to prevent respiratory infections.
A new study suggests that COVID-19 is causing significant dilation of the lung's blood vessels, contributing to low oxygen levels and unusual respiratory behavior. The dilation was detected using a non-invasive ultrasound technique, and its correlation with oxygen levels may help explain why some patients experience 'happy hypoxia.'
A team led by University of Pittsburgh's Jingtong Hu is working on a project to train algorithms that can accurately diagnose pneumonia caused by COVID-19 using CT scans. The goal is to create a mobile scanning device that can quickly screen for signs of the disease in crowded places.
Researchers used AI to predict bacterial infections in patients with pneumonia, enabling early antibiotic prescriptions. The analysis of over 50,000 ICU admissions data showed promising results in identifying MRSA and pseudomonas bacteria.
Researchers from the University of Seville have developed a system that uses deep learning to identify COVID-19 patients using lung X-ray images. The system achieves around 100% accuracy in identifying COVID-19 and can help reduce health professionals' workload by filtering out negative cases.
A single-center observational study at Cedars-Sinai found that 23 out of 27 COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab experienced significant drops in body temperature and C-reactive protein levels. The medication was shown to reduce inflammation, oxygen requirements, blood pressure support, and risk of death.
Current research suggests that adequate zinc status can lower the risk of infectious respiratory diseases, pneumonia, and its complications. Zinc intake has also shown promise in modulating inflammation and suppressing viral replication, including coronaviruses that cause COVID-19.
Most COVID-19 lesions are located in the peripheral zone and close to the pleura, whereas influenza virus pneumonia is more prone to show mucoid impaction and pleural effusion. However, differentiating between the two conditions remains challenging due to overlapping CT manifestations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of food safety and biosecurity in preventing the spread of the virus. Initial epidemiological studies suggest that bats may be natural reservoir hosts of Coronavirus, and hunting for bushmeat can increase the risk of transmission.
Researchers analyzed insurance claims from 2016 to 2019 and found that out-of-pocket costs for respiratory illnesses were particularly high for consumer-directed plans. Tens of millions of Americans with self-insured health plans may face significant financial burden due to COVID-19 hospitalizations.
A recent study found that N-BPs like alendronate are associated with a 24% lower risk of pneumonia and 35% lower risk of pneumonia mortality compared to no treatment. The results suggest that N-BP treatment may also protect against pneumonia, warranting further investigation into its potential for treating COVID-19 symptoms.
Two studies from France and China found no significant reduction in COVID-19 hospitalizations or deaths with hydroxychloroquine treatment. Adverse events were more common in patients receiving the drug, contradicting previous lab test results and guidelines that recommended its use.
Blood biomarkers like CRP and procalcitonin may help identify most severe outcomes in children with community-acquired pneumonia, but do not predict overall severity. The study's findings highlight the need for more research to validate prognostic tools for pediatric pneumonia.
A new analysis of outpatient COVID-19 clinic data provides clues to distinguish between patients with COVID-19 and those with other conditions mimicking its symptoms. Key findings include fever not being a reliable indicator, COVID-19 often presenting with various permutations of cough without fever, and loss of the sense of smell as a...
A recent study found that elderly patients with pneumonia are twice as likely to die as those with hip fractures. The researchers hope that raising awareness about the severity of pneumonia will improve prevention efforts and increase vaccine uptake among aging populations.
The American Journal of Roentgenology review highlights the limitations of chest CT scans in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia. The authors recommend reserving CT for evaluation of complications or alternative diagnoses due to its potential for overestimation of sensitivity and specificity.
Researchers developed graphene-based sensors to measure oxygen transport in bovine lung tissue, revealing that a surfactant called cardiolipin disrupts oxygen balance in pneumonia patients. The study also found damaged spots in diseased tissue, which may be responsible for increased oxygen transfer.
A clinical research study at UC San Diego Health is using artificial intelligence to analyze lung imaging data for COVID-19 patients. The AI algorithm has provided unique insights into over 2,000 images, helping physicians identify early signs of pneumonia and potentially saving lives.
A study of 109 deceased patients found that mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia was concentrated among patients above 65 years old, especially those with major comorbidities. Patients admitted to the ICU lived longer than those who weren
New CT scoring criteria evaluate the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia by assessing both lobe involvement and changes in CT findings. The criteria suggest earlier diagnosis and treatment lead to shorter disease resolution times.
A team of international researchers led by Dr. Kunlin Jin used stem cells to boost a person's immune system and ward off COVID-19 pneumonia. The study showed that intravenous infusion of clinical-grade human mesenchymal stem cells is a safe and efficient approach for treating patients with severe cases.
Researchers found that gallium maltolate (GaM) can treat subclinical foal pneumonia without increasing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The study, published in Scientific Reports, suggests GaM as a viable alternative to overprescribed antibiotics.
Most patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have ground-glass opacities (86.1%) or mixed GGO and consolidation (64.4%), according to a multi-center study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology. The lesions are often peripheral, bilateral, lower lung predominant, and multifocal.
A new study of over 88,000 veterans with pneumonia found that broad-spectrum antibiotics did not improve outcomes and may even increase the risk of death. The researchers suggest sticking to standard antibiotic treatments for a couple of days before considering anti-MRSA therapy.
Scientists from China's top research institutes discovered the novel coronavirus responsible for the Wuhan pneumonia epidemic through next-generation sequencing and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. The virus is 99.8-99.9% similar among all patients' samples, closely related to bat SARS-like CoVs.
After recovering from pneumonia, alveolar macrophages transform and retain a memory of their prior experience, influencing future responses to infections. This finding may lead to improved lung defenses against pneumonia in young adults.
Exposure to diesel exhaust particles has been found to increase an individual's susceptibility to pneumococcal disease. The study reveals that DEPs can lead to the reduction of airway macrophages' ability to kill bacteria, allowing it to survive and cause severe inflammation in the lungs.
A new study reveals that the 2019-nCoV coronavirus likely originated from a combination of a bat coronavirus and an unknown coronavirus, with recombination allowing cross-species transmission to humans via snakes. This finding highlights the importance of understanding viral origins for effective control of emerging outbreaks.
Researchers developed a new ELISpot blood test to diagnose bacterial infections, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which can trigger skin and mucous membrane lesions in children. The test detects specific immune cells targeted against M. pneumoniae, allowing for more specific treatment and prognosis.
Researchers found no link between e-cigarette vapor and pneumonia in mouse models, contrary to earlier concerns about vaping's health risks. However, e-cigarette vapor did alter gene expression of pneumococcus bacteria, which may impact immune response.
A new device called NewPneu has the potential to impact pneumonia diagnosis in children worldwide. It uses biometric sensors and an Android app to detect respiratory rate and blood-oxygen level, two common measurements for detecting pneumonia.
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine have discovered that lung resident memory T (TRM) cells recruit neutrophils to protect the lungs against future bacterial infections. This study has implications for preventing and treating pneumonia, potentially leading to improved treatment options and personalized medicine.
A new study finds that a vaccine against pneumococcal bacteria reduces the likelihood of severe pneumonia in children by 35%. The research also highlights the importance of vaccinating children to protect the whole community and reduce the spread of pneumococcus. By evaluating the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines in Asia, the stu...
Research found that low blood oxygen is common in sick children, increasing the risk of death by eight times. The study also highlights the need for better access to pulse oximeters and oxygen therapy in low-income countries.
A new study reveals that lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are responsible for one in seven child deaths worldwide. Since 1990, vaccines, improved nutrition, and better indoor air quality have substantially reduced LRI deaths, but progress has lagged behind other childhood infectious diseases.
A study published in JAMA found that patients with limited English proficiency are more likely to experience hospital readmissions and return emergency department visits. The observational study examined two Toronto hospitals and found that those with limited proficiency were more prone to complications and required additional care.
The American Journal of Roentgenology review article details common imaging manifestations of vaping-associated lung injury, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and organizing pneumonia. The article emphasizes the importance of recognizing these patterns in radiologists to prompt clinical teams to ask a...
The new guideline offers evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating community-acquired pneumonia in adults, with a focus on outpatient settings. It suggests using amoxicillin as first-line empiric therapy, while also recommending more microscopic studies of respiratory tract samples to avoid unnecessary antibiotic use.
A new AI system can accurately identify key findings in chest X-rays of pneumonia patients in just 10 seconds, significantly outperforming current clinical practice. This ultra-quick detection enables physicians to confirm a pneumonia diagnosis faster, allowing for timely treatment and reducing delays for severely ill patients.
A study published in Mucosal Immunology reveals that ASC and NLRP3 are key players in maintaining innate immune homeostasis in the airway, independent of caspase-1. This alternative mechanism may provide a new understanding of different possible mechanisms involved in airway protection against microbial infections.
Researchers discovered that a common type of gut bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, produces high levels of alcohol in the body and can cause liver damage even in non-drinkers. The study found that 60% of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) had high- and medium-alcohol-producing K. pneumonia in their gut.
Researchers at University of Utah Health identified large immune cells containing oily droplets in the lungs of vaping patients, enabling faster diagnoses and shedding light on the mysterious condition. The discovery may lead to better treatment options and a deeper understanding of the illness's causes.
Researchers at Umea University found that bacteria release hydrogen peroxide to inactivate inflammasomes, a key component of the immune system. Vitamins like Vitamin C may boost anti-bacterial immunity by neutralizing hydrogen peroxide.
A UC researcher has received a $1.9 million grant to study the sexual reproduction cycle of Pneumocystis pneumonia, a pathogen that causes lung infections in immunocompromised patients. Testing echinocandins as a potential therapy could block transmission of the pathogen.
A new study found that nearly two-thirds of pneumonia patients in Michigan hospitals received excessive antibiotic prescriptions, with most written during the discharge process. This over-treatment can lead to physical side effects and does not improve patient outcomes.