Articles tagged with Immune Response
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi identified microRNAs associated with a weakened immune response and ICU admission. The study provides new insights into how patient genetic makeup affects disease severity and offers potential biomarkers for disease monitoring.
The BCG vaccine, primarily developed to prevent tuberculosis, was found ineffective against COVID-19 in a large international trial involving nearly 4,000 healthcare workers. Researchers discovered that vaccination increased the risk of symptomatic disease during the first six months following enrolment.
Indiana University School of Medicine researchers will investigate muscle-directed gene therapies and test alternative treatment options for degenerative disorders like Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The goal is to develop more successful and long-term ways to help patients living with muscle disorders.
Scientists at University of Virginia Health System discovered a gene that acts as a master controller for immune tolerance, shedding light on how our immune systems are calibrated to prevent MS. The new understanding could lead to better, more targeted treatments.
A retrospective study found a 24% response rate to Docetaxel among patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer who experienced progression on immunotherapy. The median progression-free survival was 3 months, suggesting chemotherapy may still play an important role in treatment after immunotherapy failure.
The study found that the immune response to spinal-cord injuries is impaired in older individuals, leading to weaker cell responses and reduced recovery. The researchers identified an essential role for the meninges surrounding the spinal cord in mounting the immune response, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches.
Researchers found that lymphoid depletion lesions in the spleen of SARS-CoV2-infected mice may trigger novel therapies to restore defective antigen-presenting cell functions in humans. The severity of COVID-19 varies significantly, with dysregulated immune responses linked to poor outcomes.
New research from King's College London suggests that many people with depression have an activated immune response, independent of CRP levels. This finding could pave the way for more personalized approaches to treatment and management of MDD.
A new study found that COVID-19 vaccination triggers effective immune responses against the virus in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The research shows excellent antibody and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, with high levels of antibodies binding to the virus following two vaccine doses.
A new study published by LSU Health New Orleans found that a diet high in fruits, dark-green vegetables, and beans can significantly lower the risk of genital high-risk-HPV infection, which is associated with cervical cancer. The research also showed that women who eat healthily tend to practice other healthy behaviors.
A new vaccine against meningococcal disease has shown safety and efficacy in a phase 3 trial, generating higher immune responses than existing vaccines across five strains. The vaccine, NmCV-5, also induces a strong response to the emerging meningococcal X strain, providing potential protection against epidemics.
Researchers from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden report that individuals vaccinated against smallpox decades ago retain cross-reactive immunity to mpox. The study found that previous smallpox vaccination provides about 80% protection against mpox.
Scientists at St Jude Children's Research Hospital have captured six cryo-EM structures of a key transporter involved in cancer and immunity, providing unprecedented insight into its function. The findings have significant implications for developing targeted therapies against cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Research reveals that age-dependent changes in germinal centres lead to reduced vaccine response in older people. The study demonstrates that reversing these changes can be achieved through interventions.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Immunology suggests that cutaquig infusions at higher infusion rates and volumes are well-tolerated and effective, with reduced infusion time, fewer injection sites, and improved compliance. The study results will be presented at the Clinical Immunology Society 2023 Annual Meeting.
Researchers create a human-brain-like environment to study microglia development and function for the first time in living human-derived tissue. The findings suggest that brain environment influences microglia development and function, particularly in diseases such as autism spectrum disorder and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers from Cima University of Navarra have found that inhaling menthol improves cognitive ability in animal models of Alzheimer's disease by modulating the immune system and reducing interleukin-1-beta levels. This study opens doors to developing therapies based on stimulating and training the olfactory system.
Scientists have developed a new method to deliver genetic information to stem cells using nanoparticles coated with a specific polymer, enabling more efficient control over cellular differentiation. This innovation has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of regenerative medicine treatments.
Researchers found lower levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in people with Long COVID, as well as increased B cells and immune cell dysregulation. Autonomic nervous system problems also contributed to symptoms like fatigue and 'brain fog',
Researchers found breast cancer tumors send signals to bone marrow altering its environment and suppressing anti-tumor response. After tumor removal, changes persist, reducing immunotherapy's success.
Rice University scientists developed a screening technique to identify high-performing biomaterials for encapsulating insulin-secreting cells, providing long-term blood sugar level control in diabetic mice. The study's findings have the potential to open the door to a more sustainable and self-regulating way to treat Type 1 diabetes.
A new study by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center finds that people with long COVID-19 produce higher levels of antibodies against the virus than those without. The elevated antibody levels persist for months longer than expected after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, sparking further research into the condition.
Researchers discovered a 'cocktail' of human antibodies that show promise in fighting severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, including Omicron variants. The study revealed how the original Moderna vaccine could prompt the body to produce these broad-spectrum antibodies.
A cell therapy using myeloid cells bound to drug delivery microparticles reduces disease burden in a preclinical multiple sclerosis model. The therapy partially reverses hind limb paralysis and improves motor functions.
Research from Lund University shows that feeding small birds during winter reduces the need to lower body temperature, allowing them to fight infections more effectively. This study highlights the importance of access to food during winter in modulating a bird's immune response and ability to combat infection.
Researchers at UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine discovered that tissue resident memory cells are crucial for inducing a powerful immune response against Salmonella. Molecules like interleukin-1 and 2 enhance the formation of these cells in the liver, providing a rapid-response force.
A study found that mutant strains of Salmonella cause more severe infections in commercial poultry than wild-type bacteria. The deletion of genes ttrA and pduA led to increased immune response and pathogenicity, emphasizing the importance of animal health measures and proper food conservation.
A new study creates an experimental combo vaccine by adding a key protein from norovirus to a harmless strain of rotavirus, generating antibodies against both viruses. Mice produced neutralizing antibodies in response to the vaccine.
Researchers identified potential novel receptors for SARS-CoV-2 that utilize multiple receptors to facilitate its life cycle. The study reveals a strong correlation between tissue age-dependency and SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced receptor expression, with older adults being more susceptible to severe outcomes.
A team from Osaka University discovered that celastrol blocks the progression of rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting a protein complex that promotes autoimmune responses. The researchers found that celestrol binds to COMMD3 covalently, preventing the formation of the COMMD3/8 complex and impairing antibody production.
A study published in the journal Cancer found that long-term pancreatic cancer survivors have a robust immune response and enriched gut microbiome species, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. The research suggests that these bacterial species may promote immune response to pancreas cancer.
Researchers have discovered the critical role of linker histone protein H1 in plant immune responses to bacterial and fungal infections. The study found that mutant plants with knocked-out H1 isoforms exhibited higher defense gene expression and resistance to infection, but lacked priming ability.
A new study found a protein that regulates macrophage function, clearing residues from regenerating muscle and recovering regenerative capacity in aged mice. The discovery holds promise for regenerative medicine and aging, potentially improving the success of current stem-cell based therapies.
The study successfully generated functional patient-specific T-cells and thymic epithelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells using thymus organoids. This breakthrough provides a new experimental model system to investigate thymic insufficiency and function, potentially leading to cell-based treatments for thymic defects.
Researchers created a three-dimensional structure that mimics bone and houses osteosarcoma cells beside immune cells, finding increased inflammation reduces chemotherapy effectiveness. The study highlights the importance of the tumor microenvironment in disease progression and treatment.
A study published in Nature Immunology found that female mouse and human NK cells have more of a specific epigenetic regulator called UTX, which boosts anti-viral function while repressing NK cell numbers. This suggests that therapies need to be tailored to individual differences, including sex.
Researchers at NTU Singapore have found a way to spur brain immune cells to clear toxic waste linked to Alzheimer’s disease by targeting their metabolism. The study reveals a ‘metabolic switch’ in the brain’s immune cells that can be manipulated to improve their function.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discovered an immune cell in women with pancreatic cancer that blocks the immune response, leading to poor survival. The study identifies a specific protein FPR2 as a potential therapeutic target for immunotherapy in women.
Researchers discovered that lipid deposition on medical implant surfaces can signal to the immune system whether to attack or ignore the implant. This knowledge could help develop biomaterials that deflect host immune aggression, reducing malfunction rates for devices like pacemakers and surgical mesh.
A meta-analysis of seven studies found that sleeping less than six hours per night reduces the immune response to vaccination. The deficit was equivalent to two months of antibody waning. This suggests that getting good sleep may also extend the duration of protection provided by vaccines.
Researchers have discovered higher levels of immune proteins in the blood before and after epileptic seizures. The study suggests a potential biomarker for epilepsy, which could be identified using a simple blood test. This finding may help distinguish epilepsy from other conditions, such as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.
Researchers have created a bacterial 'suicide squad' that targets tumors and attracts immune cells to destroy them. The engineered E. coli bacteria release their contents when they reach a quorum inside a tumor, triggering an immune response.
A study from Swansea University found that reducing social media use by 15 minutes a day can significantly improve physical health and psychological well-being. The results showed a 15% improvement in immune function, 50% improvement in sleep quality, and 30% fewer depressive symptoms.
Researchers at UIC hope to understand how the human immune system regulates lung tissue and develop new treatments for conditions like COPD and pulmonary fibrosis. The grant aims to create an infrastructure for collaboration among researchers studying lung endothelial cells and their role in inflammation.
A new study shows that patients with liver cirrhosis have a lower immune response to COVID-19 vaccines, but this does not affect the vaccines' effectiveness. Age, type of vaccine, and viral hepatitis etiology also play a role in immune responses.
Patients with stage IIIB-IV melanoma who received neoadjuvant pembrolizumab had a significantly lower risk of cancer recurrence compared to those receiving adjuvant therapy only. The study found improved event-free survival rates in the neoadjuvant group, suggesting that starting immunotherapy before surgery generates better outcomes.
A new method developed by Flatiron Institute researchers can diagnose COVID-19 with near-perfect accuracy, even in asymptomatic patients. The technique monitors the body's molecular response to a viral attack and measures mRNA molecules to identify an immune response.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism of immune surveillance by liver-resident macrophages called Kupffer cells that prevent liver metastasis from escaping. They successfully cleared tumors in various animal models using a new method for in situ targeted expression and remodels of KCs' anti-tumor function.
A recent study published in Immunity reveals that human T-cell receptor genes exhibit unexpectedly high variability among individuals, with each person having a unique set of gene variants. The researchers identified 175 new gene variants originating from Neanderthals, which are present in up to 20% of modern humans in Europe and Asia.
A new Northwestern University study suggests that COVID-19 boosters may be less effective due to pre-existing antibodies from initial vaccinations. The study found that these antibodies can rapidly clear the booster from the body, limiting its efficacy. Increasing time between vaccinations is also beneficial for the immune response.
Researchers at Osaka University found that male patients with COVID-19 have a faster loss of circulating Treg cells, leading to dysregulated antibody responses. Females, on the other hand, have higher levels of these cells, which may help protect them from infection.
Researchers found that white guests are less likely to book with non-white hosts if they see featured reviews from previous white guests, but this effect is more pronounced for Black and Asian guests. Same-race endorsements on Airbnb can actually reduce racial discrimination in host selection.
Researchers highlight CD200's role in regulating immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and propose alternative strategies for its neutralization. Unbiased genomic- and proteomic-based approaches may help clarify CD200 expression regulation across various human cancers.
A high-fat diet allows the immune system to eliminate a parasitic worm that causes long-lasting infections in the large intestine. This discovery may lead to new treatments for millions suffering from intestinal parasitic infections worldwide.
Researchers at Rice University have developed light-activated nanoscale drills that can kill pathogenic fungi, providing a potential new treatment option for fungal infections. The molecular machines target the mitochondria of fungal cells, disrupting cellular metabolism and leading to cell death.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered the detailed mechanism of action of Inmazeb, a three-antibody cocktail designed to combat Ebola virus infection. The study reveals new information about how the drug interacts with the virus and its potential effectiveness against additional species of Ebolavirus.
A new study published in The American Journal of Pathology suggests that promoting autophagy with rapamycin restores intestinal barrier function during sepsis. The study also identifies the PLK1-mTOR axis as a crucial regulator of autophagy and intestinal barrier dysfunction, providing novel insights for treatment of sepsis.
A study by OHSU researchers found that immunity from COVID-19 gathers strength over time, indicating that vaccination should not be delayed. The study suggests that vaccine boosters can be spaced no more frequently than a year apart among healthy individuals.
Research suggests that avoiding or withdrawing from tough conversations can lead to emotional distress, bad feelings about the relationship, chronic inflammation, and lowered immune function. Couples who exhibit negative communication patterns report fewer positive emotions and slower wound healing.
Research reveals that commonly used antiretroviral drugs TAF and TDF directly impact mitochondria's energy production in immune cells. The study suggests a larger energy reduction when combined with other antiretrovirals, sparking concerns about potential long-term effects on human cells.