Articles tagged with Immune Response
A recent analysis found that individuals at risk for rheumatoid arthritis and those with the disease have higher blood levels of antibodies against Prevotella copri, a bacterial strain typically found in the gut. This study suggests that targeted therapies may be developed to prevent or treat the disease.
Researchers developed a new machine-learning approach to classify macrophages, which are key immune cells involved in pro- or anti-inflammatory responses. This technology could be used as a diagnosis tool or to highlight the role of specific cell types in disease environments.
Researchers identified urolithin A as a compound that improves function of immune cells against cancer. The study found that urolithin A induces mitophagy in T cells, recycling and renewing mitochondria to enhance tumor-fighting capabilities.
Researchers analyzed 408 patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and found no increased risk of side effects from receiving both immunotherapy and the vaccine. The study supports NCCN's recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in people with cancer, citing strong protection against severe COVID-19 for all variants.
A VUB study has mapped the immune system's response to brain infections, revealing that resident macrophages play a key role in defending against pathogens. The researchers found that blood-derived immune cells can eliminate parasites, but may retain 'memory' of past infections, altering their ability to respond to future insults.
A recent study led by Dr. Luis Cuello and Alain J. Labro found that a known Shaker channel mutation differs structurally from its human counterparts, with implications for drug development and ion transport mechanisms. The research reveals a unique conformation of the W434F mutant that is distinct from wild-type channels.
A new study shows that COVID-19 booster jabs significantly improve immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants in elderly Singaporeans. The study found that a third vaccine dose boosts low antibody responses and T cell responses in older adults, providing better protection against severe disease.
Researchers analyzed eight patients who experienced COVID-19 rebound after taking Paxlovid and found robust T-cell responses. The study suggests that rebound symptoms could be driven by the cellular immune response to residual viral RNA rather than an impaired immune response.
Researchers found that elderly Japanese individuals show a low immune response to the third mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccine. The study revealed that nearly 10% of participants had negligible antibody production despite receiving an additional dose. The findings suggest that elderly people may require specialized serological testing proto...
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that intravenous omega-3 treatment improved immune function and stimulated healing of inflammation without compromising the body's response to COVID-19. The study suggests a potential new, cost-effective low-risk treatment for severe COVID-19.
A study by MedUni Vienna's Department of Dermatology reveals that tick saliva inhibits the skin's defense function, making it easier for pathogens to multiply. Climate change increases the danger from ticks, which now pose a threat in higher-altitude regions of Austria and well into late autumn.
A new study led by Erika Pearce at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that the shape and function of mitochondria in Th17 cells play a crucial role in controlling their autoimmune activity. The researchers identified several molecules, including LKB1, that can influence this process, paving the way for potential therapeutic modifications.
Researchers at University of Liège discovered a carp virus's ability to inhibit host cell defense mechanisms through the Zα protein domain. This finding broadens our understanding of Zα domain-containing proteins involved in immune system diseases such as cancers and autoimmune diseases.
A recent study finds that exposure to proteins in common foods, vaccines, bacteria, and viruses can prime the immune system to attack SARS-CoV-2, potentially providing protection against COVID-19. The study's findings suggest that individuals with a history of exposure to these agents may be less susceptible to severe illness.
Research from UVA Cancer Center finds that an unhealthy gut microbiome can trigger changes in normal breast tissue, facilitating cancer's spread to other parts of the body. The study suggests that targeting the gut-mast cell relationship could help prevent breast cancer recurrence and metastasis.
A new study from OHSU reveals that breakthrough infections following vaccination can provide a potent immune response against COVID-19, with increased protection for those 65 and older. The research found an equally strong immune response among people who received a third vaccine booster dose three months prior.
A team of scientists from SMART and NTU Singapore has developed a rapid point-of-care test kit that measures antibodies against SARS-COV-2 and its variants, offering personalized vaccination strategies. The test kit requires just 10 minutes to show results and has up to 93% accuracy.
Researchers found that getting enough sleep influences the environment where monocytes form, develop, and get primed to support immune function. This process, hematopoiesis, occurs in the bone marrow and can accelerate clonal hematopoiesis, an age-related condition linked to cardiovascular disease.
Research at Karolinska Institutet shows that people with diabetes have lower levels of psoriasin, a key peptide that weakens the bladder's protective barrier function. This increases the risk of urinary tract infections. Oestrogen therapy may help regulate the immune response to UTIs in patients with diabetes.
A Cornell undergraduate has found a potential solution to immune dysfunction in space, suggesting that a transcription factor called MRTF could be the missing link. The study identified changes in the cytoskeleton of macrophages as a key factor in immune system dysfunction.
A deficiency in gene regulation disrupts the clearance of surfactant lipids in alveolar macrophages, leading to their bloating and foaming. This defect is associated with conditions like pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, obesity, and atherosclerosis.
Researchers discovered a telomere transfer reaction between immune cells that extends their lifespan and confers long-term protection. This 'anti-ageing' mechanism has potential clinical applications for diseases like cancer and dementia, and may enable people to live healthier and longer.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have developed a new immunotherapy strategy to eliminate fibroblasts in targeted manner, reducing lung and liver fibrosis in mice. The treatment triggers an immune response via cytotoxic T-cells, eliminating activated connective tissue cells while leaving resting cells undamaged.
A recent study found that the immune response to COVID-19 booster vaccination decreases over five months, with a slower decline in antibody levels after the third dose compared to the second. The neutralizing response to the Omicron variant was also found to be lower than other variants of concern.
A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that mucosal antibodies in the airways significantly reduce the risk of omicron infection. High levels of these antibodies more than halved the risk of becoming infected, while also being associated with lower viral replication.
Researchers found that gut commensal bacteria enhance the pathogenesis of a tumorigenic murine retrovirus by upregulating genes that suppress the immune response. This ability to evade the immune system allows tumors to develop and progress in mice infected with the virus.
A new study provides valuable insights into the roles of B cells and plasma cells in early-stage lung cancer biology, highlighting their influence on tumor development and treatment outcomes. The research also reveals environmental factors and molecular features that contribute to the landscape of infiltrating immune cells.
Bladder cancer researchers discovered a subset of CD8 T cells that adapts to tumor evasion strategies, offering a strategy to reduce tumor cells' ability to fight them off. The study also identified potential ways to make immunotherapy more effective against this deadly cancer by targeting the HLA-E/NKG2A axis.
A study by researchers at Linköping University suggests that severe COVID-19 infection has long-lasting negative effects on the immune system. The results showed that patients developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 within 2-3 weeks of symptoms, which then started to fall after six months.
A team of Stanford scientists has developed a new method to predict which antigens will lead to a strong immune response, allowing for more effective cancer immunotherapies. By applying a sliding force between peptides and T cell receptors, the researchers can identify the best antigen-receptor pairs in under five hours.
A study published in NEJM found that individuals infected with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants have four times greater protection against the current Omicron BA.5 subvariant than those who were not infected. This hybrid immunity provides significant protection against future infections.
Researchers discovered a substance that increased immune response to an experimental COVID-19 shot in mice, producing antibodies 25 times greater than without an adjuvant. The new adjuvant, αGC-CPOEt, is being investigated as a potential treatment for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
Researchers at Indian Institute of Science create a novel virus-like particle (VLP) to safely study SARS-CoV-2 mutations and trigger an immune response. The VLP is stable, can attach to host cells, and elicit antibodies that neutralize the live virus.
A recent study by Medical University of Vienna researchers has identified a crucial dual function of neutrophils in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. The findings suggest that these immune cells produce factors necessary for liver growth, enabling the organ to recover quickly from tissue damage.
Researchers found that statins, commonly prescribed lipid-lowering drugs, provide a protective immune function in females. Women taking statins were 75% less likely to be ANA+, suggesting a sex-specific difference in the relationship between lipid metabolism and immunity.
A research team led by Professor Wolfgang Kastenmüller has discovered that unconventional T cells play a crucial role in triggering site-specific immunity in distinct lymph nodes. The study reveals that different subtypes of unconventional T cells migrate to specific lymph nodes, influencing the immune responses there.
Researchers captured first image of antigen-bound T-cell receptor complex with bound antigen at atomic resolution. The study reveals no significant structural changes in the receptor after antigen binding, sparking further investigation into the signaling pathway activation mechanism.
Researchers found that immune cells prefer nutrient fuels previously thought to be waste products, including lactate. This discovery could lead to personalized dietary recommendations to supercharge the immune system. The findings also suggest a strong influence of nutrients on T cell function and survival.
A recent international study has shed light on the inner workings of the adaptive immune response, revealing how killer T cells recognize viral invaders using molecular road signs. The study highlights the crucial role of chaperones in ensuring the stability and longevity of these road signs, allowing for more effective detection and d...
Researchers have discovered a broadly neutralising antibody, ZCB11, that protects against all SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants. Administration of ZCB11 either prophylactically or therapeutically shields lung infection in golden Syrian hamsters from Omicron viral challenge.
Researchers at UNSW Sydney have found a transposable element that regulates the immune response to virus infection in mice, leading to exaggerated immune responses and tissue damage. Reintroducing the element restores survival, suggesting its potential as a target for treatment.
Boosting with either Janssen or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine boosts humoral and cellular immune responses. Boosting with Janssen vaccine provides durable antibody and T-cell responses for at least four months.
Researchers at Kyoto University have developed a cancer therapy model that utilizes a protein degrading system to transiently degrade and reduce the PD-1 protein, which blocks immune function. This approach has shown high therapeutic efficacy in inhibiting cancer cell growth in mice.
Researchers aim to uncover information on blotchy bass syndrome's prevalence, distribution, and potential risks through data collected by citizens. The study will help determine which bass species are susceptible and which seem immune.
A team of researchers from The Mount Sinai Hospital has made a groundbreaking discovery into the genetic and molecular mechanisms that predispose individuals to Alzheimer's disease. They identified 21 candidate risk genes, including SPI1, which regulates microglia and AD risk.
A University of Queensland-led research found that children's noses have a more effective anti-viral response to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 than adult noses. The study suggests that this may contribute to the lower infection rates and milder symptoms in children compared to adults.
A study from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a new list of friendly proteins generated by the human thymus that protects healthy tissue from T cell attacks. This finding may lead to improved treatments for autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes.
Researchers create a modified live attenuated mumps virus for delivery, showing it induces stronger immune responses and provides superior protection against SARS-CoV-2. The new vaccine candidate uses a prefusion version of the spike protein and offers potential to enhance MMR childhood vaccine.
CoVaRR-Net is investing $6.9 million in 15 research projects focused on understanding Omicron subvariants and finding solutions to curb their spread. The studies will explore various aspects of variants, including viral transmission between animals and people, new variant mutations, and the impact of social factors on Indigenous Peoples.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center used mathematical modeling to study the impact of tumor size, immune cell populations, and interactions on cancer treatment outcomes. The models predicted optimal therapeutic approaches for different types of therapies, including cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapies.
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein activates the natural immune response in heart muscle cells, causing damage and inflammation. The study found that the spike protein also caused hypertrophic remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in lab mice, highlighting a novel, ACE2-independent pathological role of the virus.
A study by Goethe University Frankfurt found that antibodies against Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 decline rapidly, even after a second vaccination or booster shot, offering limited protection against infection.
Researchers have developed a novel COVID-19 vaccine based on altered plasmid DNA that effectively blocks cell infection across all tested variants. The vaccine targets a specific vulnerability in the SARS-CoV-2 virus's spike protein, inducing a focused antibody response.
A new clinical trial found that COVID-19 booster vaccinations in adults elicit high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant, but these antibody levels decrease substantially within 3 months. The immune response to Omicron sub-lineages shows reduced susceptibility to rapidly emerging variants.
A new study uses machine learning models to predict cancer patients' responses to immunotherapy based on their gut microbiome features. The research identifies common gut bacterial taxa associated with responders versus non-responders, providing a potential tool for distinguishing and predicting immunotherapy responders.
Researchers found that COVID-19 vaccinations have an underperforming immune response in the airways compared to natural infection. Nasal sprays could provide a boost to protect against emerging variants and offer higher cellular and humoral immunity. The study suggests that mucosal antibodies play a crucial role in neutralizing the virus.
A rise in severe acute hepatitis of unknown causes (SAHUC) in children has been reported worldwide, with symptoms including jaundice, vomiting, and diarrhea. Diagnostic tests such as liver enzymes and biopsy reports can help identify the disease, but its etiology remains unclear.
Researchers analyze delta variant's biophysical characteristics, revealing unique traits that evade neutralizing antibodies and contribute to severe symptoms. The study sheds light on why vaccinated individuals can still contract the virus and why delta variant hospitalizations are higher than other variants.
Researchers at the University of South Australia have discovered that combining anti-rejection medication with immune checkpoint inhibitors can significantly reduce the risk of organ rejection and eliminate cancer cells in a quarter of patients. The study involved 22 patients with renal transplants and incurable locally advanced or met...
A study by researchers from the University of Chicago reveals that bacteria in donated organs complicate the immune response after transplantation. The findings show that immune responses against commensal bacteria add to the rejection of the organ, reducing the effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs and causing damage to the graft.