Articles tagged with Placebos
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that low-dose estrogen therapy and low-dose non-hormonal venlafaxine hydrochloride extended release were both effective in reducing hot flashes and night sweats in menopausal women. The treatment options showed similar efficacy, with a slight superiority of estrogen therapy.
A recent study published in JAMA found that physiotherapy for adults with painful hip osteoarthritis does not produce greater improvements in pain or function compared to a placebo treatment. The study suggests questioning the benefits of specific physiotherapy components for this patient population.
Recent studies found that duloxetine and fluoxetine showed no significant difference in response rates when treating major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and teens. The authors suggest that complexity of the studies may be a factor, but also offer valuable insights for designing future investigations.
A post-hoc analysis of the TOPCAT trial showed that spironolactone reduced cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations for heart failure in patients from the Americas, but not in those from Russia and Georgia. The treatment also increased serum creatinine and hyperkalemia rates.
The Phase 3 trial demonstrated positive trends in lung function, as measured by relative change in % predicted FEV1, with a 2.5% average difference between ataluren and placebo in favor of ataluren. Additionally, there were 23% fewer pulmonary exacerbations in the ataluren group compared to placebo.
A 16-week study found that grape consumption significantly decreased self-reported pain related to activity and total knee symptoms in individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. The beneficial effect was more pronounced in females, particularly those under 64 years old.
A recent study used hip bone mineral density (BMD) measurements to predict fracture risk in postmenopausal women who stopped taking bisphosphonate therapy. The findings suggest that older age and lower hip BMD at the time of discontinuation were associated with higher rates of clinical fractures.
Infants with biliary atresia who received high-dose steroid therapy following surgery showed a small clinical benefit, while those without steroids experienced improved survival and reduced serious adverse events
In a randomized clinical trial, eplerenone significantly reduced the composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular mortality, re-hospitalization, or heart failure in patients with acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction. The study found lower levels of biomarkers BNP/NT-proBNP in the treatment group.
Two new studies release promising results for migraine prevention, with one study showing a 66% decrease in migraine days and another demonstrating a 63% reduction. The new treatments target calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a protein thought to be involved in migraine, and are considered safe and well-tolerated.
A study funded by the NIH found that acetazolamide can help preserve and restore vision for women with IIH, when combined with a moderate weight loss plan. The trial involved 161 participants who experienced improved visual field tests, optic nerve swelling reduction, and greater improvements in daily function and quality of life.
Phase III study results show obeticholic acid produces meaningful biochemical improvements, including reduced ALP and bilirubin levels. The treatment also demonstrates significant clinical benefits, such as improved liver function parameters and a lower risk of liver transplantation and death.
A recent study published in JAMA found that taking daily tadalafil did not prevent erectile dysfunction (ED) in men undergoing radiation therapy for prostate cancer. The study involved 242 men who received either tadalafil or a placebo, and showed no significant difference in ED prevention between the two groups.
The POISE-2 trial found that clonidine increased rates of clinically concerning hypotension and non-fatal cardiac arrest in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The study showed higher risks from clonidine without counterbalancing benefits, contradicting earlier findings that suggested it would improve outcomes.
The LAPLACE-2 study shows evolocumab produces highly significant reductions in LDL cholesterol when added to statins, with 93% of patients achieving an LDL level below 70mg/dL. Evolocumab also reduces non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a) levels without liver damage or muscle problems.
A multicenter study found colchicine significantly reduced the rate of disease recurrence, improved symptoms, and hospitalization rates in patients with recurrent pericarditis. The medication was also associated with higher remission rates compared to placebo.
The AleCardio trial was ended early after patients treated with aleglitazar showed higher rates of heart failure, kidney events, and gastrointestinal bleeding. The study found no cardiovascular benefits despite dual-action on PPAR receptors, leading researchers to consider the class of drug being tested clinically.
The novel inflammation inhibitor darapladib showed no primary-endpoint advantage over placebo in treating chronic coronary heart disease, but suggested benefits for specific coronary artery-related endpoints. Subgroup analysis revealed smokers had a greater decrease in major adverse cardiovascular events.
Research finds nicotine patches do not aid pregnant women in quitting smoking; behavioral support remains most effective approach. Average birth weights similar between groups, but nicotine patch linked to higher blood pressure.
The study found that Glycerol phenylbutyrate significantly reduced hepatic encephalopathy events, hospitalizations, and ammonia levels compared to placebo. GPB's direct ammonia-lowering agent properties suggest its therapeutic potential for patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy.
Researchers found a significant decrease in cataract risk among male physicians taking a daily multivitamin supplement, with a 9% lower risk compared to the placebo group. However, the study also found a slight increase in age-related macular degeneration risk among multivitamin users.
A study by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that patients' expectations, whether positive, negative, or neutral, significantly influence the effects of both medications and placebos on migraine pain. The researchers discovered that a positive message and powerful medication are essential for effective clinical care.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a decision-making model that compares and weighs multiple variables to predict the optimal choice. By using this 'predictive advantage index' in personalized medicine, clinicians can make more informed decisions based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant data.
Extended varenicline treatment improved tobacco abstinence rates among individuals with serious mental illness. Participants who received varenicline and cognitive behavioral therapy for 40 weeks had three times more success maintaining abstinence than those receiving only cognitive behavioral therapy.
A 40-week treatment with varenicline resulted in abstinence rates three times higher than placebo, while cognitive behavioral therapy showed significant benefits. The study suggests that maintenance treatment may reduce tobacco dependence and smoking-related morbidity and mortality in individuals with serious mental illness.
Vitamin E, a fat-soluble antioxidant, has been shown to slow functional decline and reduce caregiver time in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. In contrast to previous trials, this study found no significant increase in mortality risk with vitamin E, suggesting potential cost-effectiveness.
A 2-year study found diflunisal reduced neurological impairment and preserved quality of life in familial amyloid polyneuropathy patients compared to placebo. The treatment showed potential benefit in a phase 1 study and is well-tolerated by patients.
A study found that using antidepressant nortriptyline for 15 weeks did not improve symptoms of idiopathic gastroparesis. Researchers concluded that tricyclic antidepressants may not be an effective strategy for treating this disease.
Most multivitamin supplements have no benefit in preventing chronic disease or death, and long-term use does not preserve cognitive function. Researchers found that high doses of multivitamins and minerals do not protect against cardiovascular events following myocardial infarction.
A recent study published in the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology found that oral garlic did not provide significant relief for women with vaginal thrush. The research involved 63 women who took either garlic tablets or a placebo for two weeks, with no notable reduction in Candida levels observed.
A new study found that thalidomide improves clinical remission in children and adolescents with refractory Crohn disease, with 63.3% achieving remission after 8 weeks of treatment. The drug also showed longer average duration of remission compared to placebo.
A trial testing varespladib to reduce cardiovascular events showed the drug actually increased the risk of heart attacks and other events. Researchers found that patients treated with varespladib were more likely to experience sudden death, heart attacks, strokes, and unstable angina than those on placebo.
A clinical study found that exercise with GM-CSF boosts mobility in patients with peripheral artery disease. Participants who responded strongly to GM-CSF treatment showed significant improvements in maximum walking time.
Two clinical trials present new hope for treating patients with kidney disease: a phase 2 trial of ZS-9 shows significant reductions in blood potassium levels, while another trial of abatacept plus cyclophosphamide fails to improve renal response in lupus nephritis. Researchers explore these findings at Kidney Week 2013.
A new study published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology found that metformin had no significant impact on cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic individuals with heart disease taking statins. However, the medication did reduce body weight and other related risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
A human clinical study has demonstrated that participants taking Natura Therapeutics' NutraStem Cardio showed a significant increase in cognition compared to age-matched individuals taking a placebo. The results improved decision-making speed across a two-month test period.
A new drug, pimavanserin, has shown significant improvement in reducing psychotic symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients. The study found a 37% improvement in psychotic symptoms compared to placebo, with no worsening of motor symptoms reported.
A meta-analysis found that receiving an influenza vaccination was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. The greatest treatment effect was seen among patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS), such as heart attack or unstable angina.
A study found that intranasal application of hormone oxytocin enhanced placebo analgesia response. The researchers observed greater pain reduction on the placebo site after applying oxytocin compared to saline.
A Phase III trial found that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) significantly reduces the incidence of severe canker sores (grades 3 and 4) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. LLLT also improves patient quality of life, reducing oral pain and opioid analgesic use.
A study of 300 ICU patients in France found that statin therapy did not decrease day-28 mortality rates among those with ventilator-associated pneumonia. The results suggest that new treatments are needed to improve outcomes for this common and costly infection.
A study found that dextrose gel treatment can almost halve the likelihood of hypoglycaemia treatment failure in at-risk babies. Babies treated with dextrose gel were less likely to be admitted to intensive care and formula fed, reducing hospital admissions and costs.
A trial comparing e-cigarettes with nicotine patches found they were comparable in helping smokers quit, with e-cigarettes showing higher reduction in cigarette consumption after six months. The study suggests e-cigarettes have potential as effective smoking cessation aids despite regulatory uncertainty and inconsistency.
A recent trial found that e-cigarettes were comparable to nicotine patches in helping smokers quit for at least six months. The study also showed that e-cigarette users had reduced cigarette consumption by half after six months compared to those using patches or placebo devices.
The ATOMIC-AHF study found that omecamtiv mecarbil showed greater dyspnoea relief in the highest dose cohort compared to placebo, with significant dose-related and plasma concentration-related trends. The study also revealed increases in systolic ejection time and reductions in heart rate without decreasing blood pressure.
A study published in JAMA Network found that aliskiren, a renin inhibitor, did not slow the progression of coronary artery disease in patients with prehypertension. The treatment had no significant impact on atheroma burden or regression of fatty deposits.
A recent trial by Cleveland Clinic found that the drug RVX-208 failed to improve coronary health in patients with low HDL cholesterol, contradicting previous hopes for an 'HDL-raising' treatment. The study used intravascular ultrasonography to assess plaque buildup and found no significant difference between RVX-208 and placebo.
The ASSURE study found that the experimental apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) inducer RVX-208 failed to incrementally impact atherosclerotic plaque, despite promising earlier findings. The lack of efficacy was attributed to adverse events and liver enzyme elevations in the treatment group.
A new study published in JAMA found that treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence simultaneously does not lead to increased drinking, but rather improves treatment outcomes. Prolonged exposure therapy combined with naltrexone reduced cravings and drinking days, even after treatment stopped.
A study found that naltrexone treatment reduced the percentage of days drinking among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence. The combination of prolonged exposure therapy and naltrexone did not increase drinking or alcohol craving, contradicting common views.
Research found that responses to placebos are influenced by diverse factors including route of administration, environmental cues, and learning. Participants' expectations correlated with pain thresholds and tolerance, suggesting a complex relationship between placebo effects and individual traits. Sham acupuncture's effect on genuine ...
Experts say India's new policy protecting research participants could have serious consequences for public health and the country's role in global clinical research. The policy's compensation provision for injury from failed investigations could discourage trial participation, leading to a shortage of registered drugs.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center used pharmacometabolomics to analyze biochemical changes in people taking antidepressants, finding that those whose depression improved had distinct metabolic profiles. The study suggests that serotonin metabolism in the pineal gland may play a role in depression treatment outcomes.
A study published in JAMA found that daily soy protein supplementation for two years did not reduce or delay the development of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. In fact, the supplement may even accelerate the onset of recurrence by a few weeks.
A study of postmenopausal hormone therapy found no long-term benefits or risks to cognitive function in women aged 50-55. Cognitive assessments conducted 7.2 years after treatment cessation showed similar global and domain-specific cognitive functioning between those who received hormone therapy and placebo.
A new study found that participants who received the dietary supplement Juven experienced significant increases in lean body mass, while those who received a placebo did not. Blood concentrations of IGF-1 also increased among Juven recipients, but the correlation with improved muscle mass was not statistically significant.
A Phase III study by MD Anderson Cancer Center found no overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) benefits for bevacizumab in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients. However, patients on bevacizumab experienced higher rates of toxicities and symptom burden compared to placebo.
A randomized double-blind trial showed that Coenzyme Q10 decreases all-cause mortality by half, improving survival in severe heart failure patients. The study found that CoQ10 also significantly lowers cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations for heart failure.
A new oral vaccine against ETEC has been developed and shown to be safe and highly immunogenic in a phase I study, inducing immune responses in all volunteers. The vaccine is designed to protect travelers and children living in areas endemic for ETEC.
A post-hoc analysis of a multicenter study found that extended use of azithromycin reduced hospitalization rates among COPD patients, with those treated receiving a significant delay between first and subsequent respiratory-related hospitalizations. The study suggests chronic azithromycin therapy may offer benefits to COPD patients at ...