Articles tagged with Cancer Immunology
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A study by IRB Barcelona researchers has identified five independent factors that determine patients' response and survival after receiving checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy. These findings provide a framework for current and future biomarkers of immunotherapy response and could lead to more accurate patient classification.
Researchers have found that natural killer cells instinctively recognize and attack the XPO1 protein, which drives cancer growth. By targeting this protein, scientists may be able to activate more killer cells to destroy cancer cells. The study suggests that this approach could lead to personalized cancer treatment with less side effects.
Researchers have identified a shared molecular mechanism between pregnancy and cancer that suppresses the immune system. Progesterone was found to play a key role in this process, with blocking its signaling slowing down cancer growth in mice and activating the immune response.
Researchers develop optogenetic system to precisely target cancer cells using light, inducing inflammatory cell death and triggering immune response. The approach aims to modulate the immune suppressive environment around cancer cells, helping T cells recognize and attack the disease.
Researchers from Aarhus University have discovered that combining a cancer-fighting viral agent with the drug 4-Octyl-Itaconate (4-OI) enhances its effectiveness in treating resistant cancers. This groundbreaking finding may lead to new treatment options for previously incurable diseases.
A new immunotherapy approach employs a two-pronged attack against solid tumors to boost the immune system's ability to target and eliminate cancer cells. By combining CV1-producing T cells with cancer-targeting antibodies, researchers improved macrophage consumption of tumor cells, suggesting a potential solution to treatment challenges.
Researchers at University of Turku have discovered a novel RNA that controls the development and function of regulatory T cells. This finding may enable the development of precision medicine treatments for autoimmune diseases and cancer.
A team of researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University has engineered a short sequence of artificial DNA to target the mutant protein p53-R175H, linked to lung, colorectal, and breast cancers. The new molecule, dp53m, inhibits cancer cell growth and increases sensitivity to chemotherapy agent cisplatin.
Fred Hutch researchers present progress in treating metastatic cancer with novel therapies, including a Phase II study testing TNF-a inhibitors for castration-resistant prostate cancer. The center also explores improving hospice access and using machine learning with CAR T-cell therapy to enhance patient outcomes.
Researchers found that ARID1A mutation renders tumors sensitive to immunotherapy by triggering an antiviral immune response. This could lead to improved patient outcomes and the development of targeted therapies.
Researchers developed a predictive model, TRTpred, to identify the most potent cancer killing immune cells using artificial intelligence. The model achieved 90% accuracy in identifying tumor-reactive T cells and can be applied to personalized cancer treatments.
Researchers have discovered a new immunotherapy approach to overcome resistant leukemia by targeting the mutated TP53 gene. Combining pharmacological therapies with genetically engineered CAR T-cells increases effectiveness against cancer cells, offering promising strategies for patients with resistant disease.
A new DNA origami platform, DoriVac, enables precise spacing of adjuvant molecules and a variety of antigens to enhance anti-tumor responses. The vaccine demonstrated enhanced efficacy in controlling tumor growth and prolonging survival in mice, synergizing with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
A novel reporter cell experimental system enables the visualization of sequential changes during endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) induced by transforming growth factor-β. Researchers identified CD40 as a potential partial EndoMT marker, which suppresses the transition from partial to full EndoMT.
Lung adenocarcinoma cells manipulate macrophage lipid metabolism to drive tumor progression. This exploitation of immune cells' metabolic pathways may be targeted with statins, improving lung cancer treatments.
The Vilcek Foundation has awarded $250,000 to four immigrant scientists for their pioneering work in biomedical science. Luciano Marraffini, Gerta Hoxhaj, Tomasz Nowakowski, and Takanori Takebe are recognized for their contributions to cancer research, pluripotent stem cells, and CRISPR-Cas systems.
Researchers have found that some tumors release a protein with a virus-like structure, triggering an out-of-control immune reaction that can damage brain cells. The immune system targets this protein as if it were a foreign invader, leading to rapid-onset memory loss and cognitive deficits.
Researchers discovered that cisplatin chemotherapy enhances the immune system's ability to fight bladder cancer by modulating the immune response and damaging DNA in cancer cells. This approach may lead to durable disease control in a subset of patients with metastatic bladder cancer.
Researchers provide new insights into STING's function in innate immunity, revealing its role as a scaffold that activates TBK1. They also found that cholesterol plays a crucial role in STING clustering and activation, offering a potential target for treating diseases associated with STING inflammation.
Researchers uncover a link between hyperactive Rac2 and human immune deficiency, shedding light on a mysterious condition. They also find promise in using cellular cannibalism to enhance cancer treatment.
Researchers have found a way to control MYC's hyperactivity using a peptide compound with sub-micro-molar affinity. This breakthrough offers hope for more effective treatments for cancer patients.
Gladstone scientists have created an intricate map of how the immune system functions, examining the detailed molecular structures governing human T cells. This study will accelerate the development of new and better therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
A phase 1 clinical trial demonstrates the efficacy of third-generation anti-CD19 CAR T-cells in treating relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas without causing neurotoxicity. The study also shows a robust response rate of 52% and improved safety profile compared to previous CAR T-cell therapies.
Studies at single-cell resolution reveal significant tumor cell heterogeneity and an immune-evasive environment that contributes to treatment resistance in T follicular helper cell lymphomas. A novel marker, PLS3, is also identified as a key player in this process.
Researchers confirm that pancreatic cancer triggers a response in the immune system, but T cells struggle to infiltrate tumors. This finding could guide future treatment development for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a deadly form of pancreatic cancer.
Scientists at Texas Biomedical Research Institute found a promising cancer therapy also effectively reduces TB growth, even for drug-resistant bacteria. The therapy combines MCL-1 and BCL-2 inhibitors with antibiotics to control TB up to 98%.
Researchers are exploring new ways to fight metastasis, including the use of bacteria to activate a defensive response against cancer. Stress and changes in circadian rhythms have also been linked to metastasis, suggesting that these factors may be targets for prevention or treatment.
Researchers at Institute for Systems Biology have made a breakthrough discovery about T cells, finding that the genetically encoded T-cell receptor sequence determines a T cell's function. This fundamental discovery has huge potential for developing custom immune responses to specific antigens.
A research team from the University of California - Davis Health has identified a crucial epitope on the CD95 receptor that can trigger programmed cell death in cancer cells. This finding could lead to improved cancer treatments and potentially enhance CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors like ovarian cancer.
A new cancer drug candidate has been found to restore the effectiveness of the immune system in fighting tumors, including melanoma, bladder cancer, leukemia, and colon cancer. The drug works by lowering a toxic compound called MTA, which impairs normal functioning of immune cells and blocks immunotherapies.
Researchers have discovered that gamma delta T cells are crucial to preventing bowel cancer. The study found that patients with higher concentrations of these immune cells had better outcomes and improved survival rates.
Researchers identified a 'guard mechanism' controlling protein GPB1 to attack microbes and cancer cells. The study found that disrupting this mechanism can kill pathogens like Toxoplasma and potentially treat cancer.
Researchers discovered that fine-tuning mitochondrial energy production reduces melanoma tumor growth and enhances immune response in mice. The study reveals that manipulating mitochondrial electron transport increases expression of immune genes and makes tumor cells more visible to killer T cells.
Researchers found that beta-blockers can revive exhausted killer T cells, making them better cancer fighters. The study discovered a link between the sympathetic stress response and immune system response to cancer.
A team of Chinese and UK researchers has identified superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) as a potential target for reversing drug resistance in ovarian cancer. By using nanoparticles to deliver siRNA that reduces SOD1 levels, the study showed reduced growth and decreased resistance to cisplatin in female mice.
Researchers found that certain anti-cancer compounds cause distinct nucleolar shapes and stress, which can be measured using a new classification system. This discovery could lead to improved understanding of why some drugs fail in clinical trials, providing a potential tool for identifying promising drug candidates.
Researchers find immunotherapy treatment anti-CTLA-4 leads to greater survival in mice with glioblastoma and discover new way cells kill cancer by triggering microglia, specialized immune cells in the brain. This breakthrough could lead to more effective treatments for human brain cancer.
Researchers discovered GDF-15 blocks LFA-1 dependent T cell recruitment into the tumor microenvironment, impairing immune responses to anti-PD-1 treatment. Visugromab improved T cell infiltration and increased tumor clearance with a synergistic effect
Researchers discuss the potential of glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) as a target for cancer immunotherapy. Preclinical studies have shown potent anti-tumor efficacy, but clinical trials have yielded inconsistent results due to complexities in immune responses and antibody structure.
Researchers elucidated Siglec-15's crystal structure and binding epitope, revealing its interaction with T cells and CD11b. The study shows that Siglec-15 binds to α(2,3)- and α(2,6)-linked sialic acids, providing new insights into glycosylation-dependent immune responses.
A retrospective study found a 24% response rate to Docetaxel among patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer who experienced progression on immunotherapy. The median progression-free survival was 3 months, suggesting chemotherapy may still play an important role in treatment after immunotherapy failure.
A new CAR T cell design approach using machine learning and artificial intelligence is being developed to improve cancer treatment. The project aims to create a hybrid knowledge- and data-driven approach to guide the design of immunotherapeutic cells.
Edward Chouchani, an associate professor at Harvard Medical School, has been awarded the $50,000 Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in Biomedical Science. His research focuses on understanding metabolic disease using mass spectrometry and biochemical approaches.
Researchers found that probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri stimulates cancer-killing T cells by secreting indole-3-aldehyde, which activates a receptor in CD8 cells. A diet rich in tryptophan enhances the effect of immunotherapy on shrinking tumors and prolonging survival.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a type of cell that plays a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment. The authors suggest that understanding CAFs is essential for developing effective cancer therapies. Research targeting CAFs has shown promise, but challenges remain due to their complex nature.
An international panel of experts has developed standardized definitions for immunotherapy side effects, providing a shared vocabulary for clinicians to standardize clinical practice guidelines. This will help support clinicians in offering the best treatment to patients and enable research into biomarkers predicting adverse effects.
Dr. Crystal Mackall, a leader in advancing cell and gene therapies for children's cancers, is the newest recipient of the Edward Netter Leadership Award. She has led numerous clinical trials treating children with sarcomas and brain cancers.
Researchers at Garvan Institute of Medical Research found that introducing bacteria to a tumor's microenvironment triggers an immune response, activating neutrophils to destroy tumors in animal models. This breakthrough therapy targets neutrophils to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
Researchers re-examine molecular characteristics of WNT-subgroup patients to identify optimal treatment strategies for low-risk medulloblastoma. Key findings suggest that therapy-related late toxicity remains a concern, despite comparable survival rates between children and adolescents with this disease subtype.
A recent study suggests that routine evaluation of HER2 expression in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is crucial to avoid under or overtreatment. The research found a significant association between HER2 overexpression and a higher risk of recurrence, as well as improved radiotherapy outcomes.
The Cleveland Clinic has launched a phase 1b clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immune response of a preventive breast cancer vaccine in high-risk individuals who have undergone prophylactic mastectomy. The study aims to recruit 6-12 patients and is expected to be completed by the end of 2023.
Researchers from the University of Southampton have discovered that changing how tightly an antibody binds to a target can improve cancer treatments. By reducing affinity, immunomodulatory antibodies can effectively fine-tune the antibody to the desired level and activity.
A new study found that measuring activation of immune-system B cells may be better than measuring either T-cell activation or total number of immune cells in and around a tumor. The findings suggest that six signatures of immune cell gene activation from B cells were associated with higher elimination rates and better survival outcomes.
Researchers at University of Chicago Medical Center have identified biomarker predicting response to combined RT and ICB treatment in mNSCLC. High tumor aneuploidy associated with improved survival when RT is added to ICB, while low aneuploidy shows no survival benefit.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center identified a protein complex called NLRP3 inflammasome that drives hyper-progression of melanoma cells treated with checkpoint inhibitors. A blood-based biomarker and tumor tissue-based biomarker can predict disease resistance and hyper-progression.
Filopodia contribute to building a barrier surrounding breast tumours, blocking their escape. Cancer cells lacking Myosin-10 cannot maintain this barrier, making it easier for them to spread.
Researchers analyzed 408 patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and found no increased risk of side effects from receiving both immunotherapy and the vaccine. The study supports NCCN's recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in people with cancer, citing strong protection against severe COVID-19 for all variants.
A recent study published by Wiley suggests that biological sex differences are the primary reason for higher cancer rates in men compared to women. The study analyzed data from 171,274 males and 122,826 females aged 50-71 years and found that incidence was lower in men only for thyroid and gallbladder cancers.
Researchers discovered that liver cancer cells modify their metabolism to leave them susceptible to disruptions in arginine supply, a key molecule. A three-pronged approach targeting tumor metabolism, blocking survival-promoting responses, and starving tumors of arginine can induce senescence, making cancer cells killable.
A new study found that crown-like structures surrounding breast tumors in overweight and obese patients can hinder their response to therapy. Researchers identified a potential molecular biomarker, CD32B, which is associated with poorer treatment outcomes.