Articles tagged with Neurology
Researchers aim to strengthen and retrain swallowing function in people with early Parkinson's disease using a novel treatment program. The three-year study will test the effectiveness of SwallowFIT on swallowing difficulties, aspiration rates and nutritional status.
A cross-sectional study found that US population faces significant challenges with nervous system disorders, impacting 180.3 million people, mainly due to stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic neuropathy, and migraine conditions.
Researchers found that higher muscle mass combined with a lower visceral fat to muscle ratio tracks with a younger brain age. Building muscle and reducing visceral fat are actionable goals for improving brain health. The study used whole-body MRI and AI algorithms to quantify muscle volume, fat tissue, and brain age.
Researchers at UCSF found distinctive brain patterns in children with sensory processing disorder, which could help clinicians refine treatments for tantrums and emotional volatility. The study suggests that over-responsive children's brains dial up inward-focused networks to gain self-control.
A new report warns that AI can worsen health disparities in brain disease diagnoses if proper safeguards are not implemented. Researchers call for diverse perspectives, AI education, and strong governance to ensure equitable implementation.
A new study shows a significant increase in the use of computed tomography (CT) scans of the head in emergency departments across the US from 2007 to 2022. The study found that Black people were 10% less likely to receive a head CT scan than white people, and those on Medicaid insurance were 18% less likely.
A novel study aims to uncover the connections between Fanconi Anemia and nervous system development, as well as nervous system decline. Researchers use C. elegans worms with FA gene mutations to track neural cell damage and behavior changes.
A study by neuroscientists found that babies born blind retain the ability to recognize faces and objects, but not small details like contours, in their brains. The research suggests that early vision loss may not hinder brain development as much as previously thought, paving the way for new visual therapies.
Scientists have developed a targeted genetic test to improve diagnosis for X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, a rare and disabling movement disorder that affects primarily men of Filipino ancestry. The test correctly identified cases that routine sequencing methods have missed, leading to proper diagnoses and end diagnostic odysseys.
A nationwide analysis found that roughly 25% of patients with Bell's palsy received CT or MRI scans within 30 days of diagnosis, not aligned with current guidelines. This study highlights the need for initiatives to align clinical practice with evidence-based guidelines, promoting early treatment and minimizing unnecessary imaging.
A study found that intimate physical contact reduces cortisol responses, while oxytocin administration promotes wound healing. This integration of relationship dynamics and neurohormonal modulation may lead to future interventions for improved health and recovery.
A new study has found that people with lower incomes and from historically underrepresented groups are more likely to have modifiable risk factors for dementia. Improving access to vision care and reducing social isolation could potentially mitigate some of these risks, particularly in those living below the poverty line
Researchers found that lower LRIG1 expression is linked to more aggressive gliomas, a type of brain tumor. The study suggests that LRIG1 could serve as a useful marker for tumor severity and potentially as a target for future therapies.
Researchers discovered that pancreatic tumors form pseudosynapses, exploiting the body's nervous system to drive tumor growth. Calcium waves triggered by glutamate binding promote metastasis and cancer progression.
Researchers identified 32 common differentially expressed genes involved in IA, including NGFR and SERPINE1, which may serve as biomarkers. The study suggests that understanding the involvement of aging-related genes can aid in developing therapeutic strategies to minimize surgical interventions.
Researchers at UVA School of Medicine found that the breakdown of protective brain structures called perineuronal nets leads to social memory loss in Alzheimer's patients. Preventing the degradation of these nets may lead to new treatments to prevent or delay the disease.
Researchers studied clinical features and treatment strategies for managing postoperative space-occupying cysts in brain tumor surgical sites. External drainage using an Ommaya reservoir or direct percutaneous puncture drainage showed favorable results, reducing cyst size and improving patient outcomes.
Spanish researchers at UMH have developed a new generation of visual neuroprosthesis capable of bidirectional communication with the cerebral cortex. The system uses a small external camera to capture images, which are processed electronically and converted into electrical stimulation patterns sent to the occipital cortex. Participants...
A new contactless optical-tracking registration method has been developed to simplify robot-guided SEEG surgery, reducing positioning errors and procedure time. The study demonstrates the accuracy and ease of use of this technique, making it a promising innovation in neurosurgery.
Scientists discovered that eIF1A and eIF5B suppress toxic protein synthesis implicated in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The study sheds light on the mechanisms behind RAN translation, a process linked to neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers found that heavy drinkers experienced strokes a decade earlier and with greater severity than non-heavy drinkers. Heavy drinking was also linked to signs of cerebral small vessel disease, which causes long-term brain damage.
A study published in Neurology found a significant link between heart attacks and the development of late-onset epilepsy in older adults. Researchers discovered that people who experienced a heart attack were nearly twice as likely to develop late-onset epilepsy, with a higher risk of dying from vascular causes related to the brain.
A new study redefines refractory hydrocephalus, offering a systematic definition and classification. The study provides a framework for individualized care, matching treatment to each subtype of RH. This approach aims to reduce unnecessary interventions and improve patient outcomes.
A new Northwestern University study reveals how a key disease protein, TDP-43, drives overactive nerve cells in ALS and FTD. The findings highlight a promising new drug that can fix this error and restore balance to neurons.
Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine have harnessed bioinformatics to identify Thiorphan as a promising new drug for spinal cord injury, showing effectiveness in adult human brain cells and improving hand function in rats with SCI.
A comprehensive review of emerging neuromodulation techniques reveals their potential to treat treatment-resistant OCD. Targeting abnormal brain activity, these methods aim to normalize circuits underlying decision-making and emotion regulation.
The Mount Sinai team will investigate neural mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder and pioneer novel neuromodulation-based treatment strategies.
A small study found that five volunteers with late-onset Alzheimer's disease showed significant improvements in cognitive tests and decreased biomarker tau proteins after two years of receiving 40Hz light and sound stimulation. This suggests that the therapy may slow cognitive decline and have direct biological impacts on Alzheimer's p...
A UK-wide study of 5,509 people with MS found that the condition significantly affects health-related quality of life. The research used EQ-5D-5L tool to measure changes in health status, revealing varying thresholds by MS type and relapse history.
The 15th annual Les Turner Symposium on ALS will bring together leading researchers to discuss the latest research and perspectives on the disease. Dr. Don Cleveland, a renowned expert, will deliver a keynote address on developing designer DNA drug therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
In a new Stroke article, Dr. Joseph Broderick predicts stroke care advancements by 2050, with a focus on patient-wearable diagnosis tools and AI-driven treatments for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Researchers will overcome the challenge of neuroprotection and develop smaller, safer clot removal devices.
African nations are well-equipped to tackle dementia and brain health with the Africa Task Force on Brain Health. The six-year framework will accelerate preparedness and protect aging citizens.
A new study from McGill University found that increased physical activity in older adults with cardiovascular conditions is linked to greater social support and access to greenspace. Brain imaging revealed a connection between brain connectivity and exercise behavior change.
Scientists found a promising candidate, pleiotrophin, which is essential for brain development and function; restoring it may improve brain circuits in individuals with Down syndrome and other neurological diseases. The study's findings suggest using modified viruses to deliver the protein directly into cells could lead to new treatments.
Researchers highlight the importance of designing 'human-in-the-loop' systems with expert input for AI model training and validation. Machine learning models offer more interpretable results, but generative AI requires robust safeguards to protect patient data.
Post-traumatic vasospasm (PTV) is a sudden narrowing of brain arteries that can lead to stroke and long-term neurological damage. Early diagnosis using tools like transcranial Doppler ultrasound and S100 protein blood tests is crucial to prevent secondary brain injury.
Graz University of Technology and the University of Regensburg are conducting research on the interaction of cell types at the blood-brain barrier, with a particular focus on sex-specific differences in depression. The study aims to identify mechanisms contributing to depression and develop targeted therapies.
A new clinical trial is investigating the use of advanced brain monitoring to improve epilepsy diagnosis and management. The trial involves multiple sites across Europe, including Ireland, where patients will undergo long-term outpatient monitoring using a subcutaneous EEG system.
Nemours Children's Health neurologist Rodney Scott will investigate malfunctions in the brain's hippocampal region to identify shared therapies for patients with autism, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. He aims to develop novel methods of brain stimulation that could restore healthy function across a range of disorders.
A University of Cincinnati study found increased neutrophil-driven inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) seven days post-stroke, compared to earlier time points. The researchers also identified miR-3613 and miR-3690 as key regulators of this process, suggesting potential new treatment targets.
A new study found that child neurologists often lack knowledge and education on motor difficulties in children with autism. Motor impairments are common in autistic children, affecting their development, language skills, and social interactions. The study recommends more training for medical students and residents to recognize and addr...
This study found that aged rats living in socially enriched environments retained better memory and cognitive flexibility than those housed alone. Socially housed rats showed increased activity in the hippocampus and reduced overactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex, suggesting a more balanced and efficient neural response.
A new system developed by researchers at Nagoya University can detect genetic mutations in brain tumors with high accuracy and speed. The system successfully identified key markers for diagnosis of diffuse glioma, a common type of brain tumor.
Senescent astrocytes lose their ability to support brain endothelial cells, leading to BBB dysfunction. Increased angiotensin signaling is implicated in this process.
Researchers found a significant increase in AMPA receptors across Long COVID patients' brains, correlating with cognitive impairment severity. This discovery provides a direct biological explanation for brain fog symptoms and may lead to novel treatments.
A new study published in Biomaterials has developed a tiny, bioengineered system to deliver anti-inflammatory proteins to specific targets in the brain. The AstroCapsules, which are 300 micrometers in diameter, were confirmed to function when implanted into the brain and reduced neuroinflammation by measuring inflammatory biomarkers.
A study published in Neurology found that preterm infants who received more skin-to-skin contact had stronger brain development in areas related to emotion and stress regulation. The study also linked longer skin-to-skin sessions to improved brain connectivity and lower stress markers.
Salk scientists pinpoint gracile nucleus as brain area responsible for differentiating between painful and non-painful touch, with dysfunction leading to chronic pain. Altered neuronal activity in the dorsal column nuclei drives mechanical allodynia, causing the brain to misinterpret innocuous light touch as painful.
Johns Hopkins researchers used machine learning to analyze electric activity of mini-brains grown in a lab, revealing unique firing patterns associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The study improves accuracy in distinguishing between healthy and unhealthy brain organoids, paving the way for potential diagnostic tests and p...
A team of researchers at the University of Cologne has made a groundbreaking discovery about the molecular basis of inhibitory synapse formation. They found that gephyrin filaments play a crucial role in forming post-synapses, which are essential for billions of synapses in the brain. This study has significant implications for underst...
Researchers discovered that FGF21, a muscle hormone released during exercise, is elevated in people with ALS and may play a protective role. Higher levels of FGF21 were associated with slower disease progression and longer survival in patients.
A University of Houston researcher found that recording brain activity while listening to a story can help diagnose primary progressive aphasia, a rare neurodegenerative syndrome. The method was up to 75% effective in classifying the disorder's subtypes using machine-learning algorithms and electroencephalography data.
Researchers found that a high-fat diet impairs memory formation in fruit flies by reducing autophagy, a crucial cellular recycling process. This suggests that lifestyle interventions promoting autophagy, such as exercise or intermittent fasting, may improve cognitive decline associated with HFD.
The VasCog-2-WSO criteria update provide operationalization and guidance on neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers for VCID diagnosis. This new standard aims to facilitate diagnostic consistency among clinicians and researchers worldwide.
A study found that older adults with Parkinson's disease have a higher rate of brain amyloid positivity compared to younger patients, even without dementia. The researchers suggest this may indicate an accelerated transition from healthy cognition to dementia in PD patients.
Researchers developed new methods to accurately target the centromedian nucleus for deep brain stimulation in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Advanced imaging techniques, such as high-resolution MRI and DTI tractography, improve targeting accuracy by identifying specific brain pathways and neural firing patterns.
A $8.6 million NIH grant has renewed funding for the Rare Disease Clinical Research Network project, focusing on cognition, communication, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with rare diseases. The initiative aims to develop biomarkers, support pilot projects, and foster skilled investigators.
Home high-intensity aerobic training outperforms home balance training in improving ataxia symptoms, fatigue, and aerobic fitness among those with cerebellar ataxias. Regular training maintained benefits at 1 year.
A new form of electric brain stimulation, HD-tDCS, has been shown to be effective and faster than traditional treatments for depression. Participants who received the therapy reported significant improvements in mood scores, which were sustained during follow-up assessments.
A study found that fine particulate matter air pollution exposure is associated with increased dementia severity and Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes. Population-based studies are needed to better understand this relationship.