Articles tagged with Ionizing Radiation
GSI/FAIR's new Galactic Cosmic Ray simulator enables researchers to better understand radiation doses and control effects in human tissue and technical components. The simulator replicates the GCR exposure in a lightly shielded habitat, providing a crucial tool for space radiation research.
A new clinical trial, RECIPROCAL, seeks to optimize targeted radiation therapy for men with advanced prostate cancer by adjusting treatment based on individual PSA levels. The trial aims to minimize side effects while preserving survival benefits.
A team of researchers are studying the reproductive traits of Japanese tree frogs living in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, to understand how radiation affects their survival. Their findings suggest that radiation can disrupt genetic pathways associated with sperm motility, potentially altering reproductive success.
A team of scientists from Colorado State University and the University of São Paulo have developed a seismological solution to improve the resolution of ultrasound images for lung monitoring. This breakthrough could lead to improved critical care for patients, including continuous lung monitoring at the bedside. The technique uses seis...
A new handheld multi-purpose radiation detector detects all types of ionizing radiation, including alpha, beta, X-rays, and gamma-rays. The device has versatile measurement capabilities and can be used in various applications, such as nuclear industry, military, and first responders.
A new study suggests that CT scans could account for 5% of all cancer cases each year, primarily due to radiation exposure. The largest risk is among infants, followed by children and adolescents. To mitigate this risk, reducing the number of scans and doses per scan can help save lives.
Researchers at UT Health San Antonio have discovered a way to delay or even block recurrence of the deadliest brain cancer after radiation by targeting senescent cells with experimental 'senolytic' drugs. This approach shows promise in preventing tumor growth and improving patient survival.
Targeted alpha therapy shows promise in treating resistant NETs, offering a precision tool for patients exhausted by conventional treatments. Early preclinical trials have delayed tumour growth with minimal toxicity, while clinical studies have reported high disease control rates.
Glioblastoma, the most malignant primary brain tumour, has an 18-month median survival rate despite treatment. New research from the University of Ottawa suggests a drug used to slow ALS progression may also suppress glioblastoma's self-renewing cancerous stem cells.
Researchers investigate senescence phenotypes of human corneal endothelial cells upon treatment with ultraviolet (UV)-A. Cells exhibit enlarged morphology, increased β-galactosidase activity and decreased proliferation. UV-A-induced senescent cells show similar gene expression profiles to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cells.
A recent study published in Cell Genomics has uncovered the quantitative and qualitative mutational impacts of ionizing radiation on normal cells. The research team found that exposure to low levels of radiation resulted in an average of 14 mutations per cell, primarily causing short base deletions and complex genomic rearrangements.
Researchers developed a transmissive thin scintillator using perovskite nanocrystals to track and count single protons with exceptional sensitivity. The new detectors offer unparalleled sensitivity and could revolutionize proton therapy and radiography.
Researchers found that low-dose X-ray irradiation reduced lesion size and reversed motor deficits in TBI and ischemic stroke mice, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic strategy. The treatment also accelerated substantial motor function recovery and promoted brain rewiring after stroke.
Researchers developed a deep convolutional neural network to pinpoint cardiac catheter tip locations in photoacoustic images, achieving high precision and recall. The approach has the potential to replace fluoroscopy during cardiac interventions, leading to safer procedures.
Researchers at Kyoto University have developed a new fusion model that accurately predicts the rotational temperature of hydrogen molecules near the walls of tokamaks. This innovation enables the effective management of heat load and extends the lifetime of future fusion devices.
Researchers developed AlN diodes and transistors that can function above 300°C, with a record-breaking operation temperature of 827°C. The new devices were fabricated using sapphire substrates and nickel electrodes, which remained stable at high temperatures.
Researchers from Ohio State University found that some low-mass stars have unexpectedly strong surface magnetic fields, which could intensify their radiation for billions of years. This discovery challenges current models of stellar evolution and has important implications for the search for life on other planets.
Researchers have developed a new technique to generically treat several kinds of cancer, showing tumors grew almost three times less and survival rates reached 100% after just one injection. The method targets cancer cells with alpha radiation, sparing healthy tissue.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have successfully synthesized high-quality Cs3Cu2I5 thin films using a novel solid-state synthesis method. The team discovered that depositing CuI and CsI layers in specific ratios results in distinct local structures containing point defects, leading to highly efficient emissions.
Researchers used simulations to analyze the Lyman Continuum spectrum in dozens of simulated solar flares, confirming its connection to plasma temperature. The study found that analysis of this spectrum can be used for diagnosis of the solar plasma during solar storms.
An international team of researchers analyzed data from 93 studies on cardiovascular diseases and exposure to radiation, finding a modestly increased excess risk of heart disease with low dose radiation. The study suggests that mechanisms for these cardiovascular effects are poorly understood and that further research is needed.
An international team of researchers has successfully characterized the earliest galaxies in the Universe, which formed only 200 million years after the Big Bang. The study found that these early galaxies were relatively small and dim, processing less than 5% of their gas into stars.
Researchers at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center are developing non-invasive biomarkers for radiation exposure using Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry-based methods. The project aims to improve early detection and risk assessment of radiation exposure, which can lead to serious health problems and delayed consequences.
Researchers have discovered a new abiotic pathway for the formation of oxygen molecules, using sulphur dioxide as a precursor. This process can explain the presence of oxygen in the atmospheres of several Jupiter's moons, including Io, Europa and Ganymede, where biological life is absent.
Scientists at Max Born Institute create novel method to probe magnetic thin film systems, identifying heat injection from platinum layer as cause of magnetization changes. The approach allows femtosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution, paving way for studying ultrafast magnetism and device-relevant geometries.
Researchers have developed a new protocol for testing perovskite solar cells, which are radiation-hard and durable enough for use in space. The study found that perovskites are more resistant to damage from radiation than previously thought, making them suitable for applications such as lunar installations and satellite missions.
Researchers will investigate the radiation resistance of wide bandgap semiconductors to develop devices for environments with significant radiation. The team aims to understand defects and their impact on device performance to achieve optimum radiation hardness.
Three University of Central Florida researchers have been awarded multi-million-dollar projects by the US Department of Defense to advance hypersonic propulsion and improve semiconductor performance. The projects will focus on developing new technologies for ultra-fast intercontinental travel and making space travel more economical.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich have developed a new neutron-based method to detect clogs in underwater pipelines non-destructively. This approach uses prompt gamma neutron activation analysis to measure hydrogen concentration, allowing for the detection of blockages and hydrate formation.
A team of researchers used the X-ray laser European XFEL to study the detailed dynamics of how water molecules break apart when exposed to high-energy radiation. The study reveals that the disintegration process is more complicated than expected, with the oxygen atom not being flung away hard when the molecule breaks up.
Researchers from Osaka University have developed a laser-driven neutron source that can generate fast neutrons in short bursts, enabling rapid imaging. The technique was used to detect hazardous substances in batteries and images materials like boron carbide.
Researchers found changes in erythrocyte morphology and nanoparticles on cell surfaces during radiation therapy, which may indicate treatment effectiveness or prognosis. The study suggests that analyzing these changes could lead to the development of a diagnostic method for assessing RT efficacy.
Researchers developed polyarylene ether ketone-based copolymer (co-PAEK) films that can withstand electrostatic discharges caused by ionizing radiation. The films' high conductivity and low switching thresholds make them promising candidates for space electronics protection.
Researchers break down amino acid glutamine when bombarded with different doses of electrons. This process has implications for understanding the effect of ionising radiation on human cells and improving cancer radiotherapy.
New study finds low doses of ionizing radiation used in medical imaging create breaks that allow extra bits of DNA to integrate into the chromosome, potentially leading to mutations. The researchers stress that translating these findings to animal models is necessary to determine full effects and impact on patient health.
Researchers at NTU Singapore have developed a technique to observe how radiation damages molecules over time-frames of just one quadrillionth of a second. The technique allows for the study of biological tissue and molecules with greater precision, revealing complex vibrational frequencies that were previously unseen.
Researchers studied the effects of ionizing radiation on plants, finding that it can alter physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. The study suggests that ionizing radiation can have both negative and positive effects on plant life, depending on the context.
Researchers from Lobachevsky University developed a new diffusion-drift model to analyze the effect of ionizing radiation on submicron semiconductor devices. The locally non-equilibrium approximation accurately describes fast relaxation processes and calculates the probability of device failure.
Scientists successfully detected holes and identified their trapping sites after photoexcitation, revealing that photo-excited holes become trapped in substrate at singly charged oxygen vacancies. The detection opens up new insights for the development of devices and nanodevices based on transition metal oxides.
The study reveals that massive stars are much more abundant than previously thought, with a significant fraction of stellar mass in high-mass stars. The research has far-reaching consequences for the understanding of our cosmos, including an estimated 70% increase in supernovae and 200% increase in chemical yields.
An international team has discovered an 'astonishing' overabundance of massive stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy. The study used detailed analyses of nearly 1,000 massive stars to determine their distribution, revealing that massive stars are much more abundant than previously thought.
Researchers discovered that prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation can delay cell cycle and increase DNA repair efficiency, with potential implications for cancer risk reduction. The study found that human stem cells can activate alternative DNA repair mechanisms, such as homologous recombination, in response to prolonged irradiation.
The study found that VLF radio communications can interact with particles in space, creating a barrier around Earth. This 'barrier' corresponds to the inner edge of the Van Allen radiation belts and may help remove excess radiation from the near-Earth environment.
Researchers develop a bacteria-fighting wound dressing made from the shells of crustaceans, which could prevent up to tens of thousands of infections annually. The dressing combines chitosan, an antibacterial and biodegradable substance extracted from crustacean shells, with hydrogel dressings to create a durable and elastic solution.
A UMass Amherst researcher argues that a historical investigation error led to the adoption of the LNT model, which challenged fundamental beliefs about ionizing radiation effects. The corrected research supports a threshold rather than linear dose response for carcinogens.
A team of astronomers used the MUSE instrument to study the effects of nearby massive star radiation on the pillars of the Carina Nebula. The research found a clear correlation between the radiation and the dissipation of the pillars, suggesting that photoevaporation plays a key role in shaping these structures.
Researchers found that chronic low-dose-rate ionizing radiation can induce molecular changes in the brain resembling Alzheimer's disease. Studies exposed mice to cumulative doses of radiation, inducing changes in the hippocampus, a key region for learning and memory.
The article highlights the need to communicate the risk of low doses of ionizing radiation associated with imaging, while managing the dose. Dr. Cynthia H. McCollough suggests approaches for presenting radiation risk and benefit information that support the ALARA principle.
The University of South Carolina's Tim Mousseau and Anders Møller studied the natural inhabitants of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, finding damaging effects of chronic radiation exposure on wildlife. They discovered that even low levels of radiation can cause cataracts, diminish brain size, and affect fertility in animals.
A team of researchers has identified 46 genes in Escherichia coli necessary for its survival at high levels of radiation, including DNA repair pathways. The discovery reveals potential new ways to protect humans from cancer and improve our understanding of ionizing radiation effects.
A study found that women significantly overestimated radiation exposure from a single mammogram compared to other benchmarks. To address this, medical staff should inform patients about the low dose of radiation associated with mammography and provide objective facts to ensure informed decisions.
Researchers found that just a handful of genetic mutations give E. coli the capacity to withstand ionizing radiation, making them similar to Deinococcus radiodurans. The study demonstrates active DNA repair mechanisms that allow organisms to resist radiation damage.
Researchers identified chromosomal rearrangements that result in fusion oncogenes in post-Chernobyl radiation-induced thyroid cancers. These events promote upregulation of MAPK signaling, a common cancer-associated pathway. The study offers new understanding into how ionizing radiation exposure contributes to cancer development.
Calabrese's research reveals how the linear no-threshold dose-response approach was adopted despite experimental support for a threshold model. He accuses two geneticists of suppressing evidence to prevent consideration of an alternative model.
Researchers have successfully identified natural elemental fluorine in a special fluorite called 'fetid fluorite' or 'antozonite', which emits an intense odor when crushed. The discovery resolves a long-standing debate and provides insight into the properties of fluorine, a highly reactive element.
Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood may increase the risk of developing leukemia and brain cancer. A study published in The Lancet found that cumulative doses of around 50-60 mGy from 5-10 scans tripled the risk of these cancers.
A new study published in The Lancet found that MRI scans are more accurate than SPECT tests in detecting coronary heart disease. MRI scans also do not use ionizing radiation, potentially reducing exposure for patients and healthcare professionals.
A new study published in The Lancet shows that multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is superior to single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for diagnosing coronary artery disease. CMR has a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value, making it a more accurate and reliable diagnostic tool.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab found evidence of non-linear DNA damage response to low dose radiation, suggesting a non-proportional relationship between dose and cancer risk. The study used time-lapse live imaging to observe the formation of DNA repair centers, which may be an optimal way for cells to deal with sparse damage.
A new study from Rhode Island Hospital found that MR enterography without anti-peristaltic agents is reliable for determining the presence of Crohn's disease and reduces patient exposure to ionizing radiation. MRE may be considered a first-line study for evaluating known or suspected Crohn's disease in young patients.