Articles tagged with Public Finance
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
New research by Bocconi University professors Francesco Decarolis and Paolo Pinotti finds women bureaucrats are significantly less corrupt and face lower risks of investigation and arrest. They attribute this to a defensive, risk-averse attitude among female officials.
A new study found that a higher minimum wage was associated with fewer people defaulting on their rent payments, particularly among those at the lower end of the housing expense market. However, landlords responded by increasing rent payments, offsetting some but not all of the increased income.
Researchers evaluated reimbursement fund distribution to healthcare professionals and facilities for uninsured patients with COVID-19, highlighting key disparities. The study found significant variations in funding allocation across different regions and provider types, affecting treatment access for vulnerable populations.
A new study by Bocconi University finds that private companies with similar organizational structures display higher accounting quality than public ones. This is particularly true for standalone firms, which tend to underreport earnings to save taxes, whereas business groups exhibit more reliable accounts.
Researchers found that trademark portfolios are an important predictor of firm success, leading to better product market performance and higher valuations. Obtaining a trademark signals quality and attracts financing on favorable terms.
Researchers from Bocconi University, NYU Stern, and the University of Bolzano found that private firms have higher 'earnings quality' or EQ compared to public firms. The study analyzed nearly 400,000 European companies across 11 countries over a nine-year period.
A recent study by North Carolina State University estimates that US government spending on military personnel improves the American workforce, with a positive impact of $89.8 billion on the economy in 2019. This improvement is attributed to human capital investments made by the military through personnel training and education efforts.
A new study identifies four key areas to combat climate misinformation: public inoculation, legal strategies, political mechanisms, and financial transparency. The research proposes coordinated strategies to counter false content and expose the institutional network enabling its spread.
A new study found that Medicaid expansion in Michigan boosted the financial health of low-income residents, with significant reductions in medical bills, unpaid debts, and bankruptcies. Those with chronic illnesses experienced the largest financial benefits, including improved credit scores and increased borrowing power.
A study suggests that redirecting fossil fuel subsidies to carbon prices could generate substantial funds for public goods like healthcare and education. This could cover a significant portion of the required public funding needs for sustainable development in several countries.
Economists estimate that asylum seekers have a positive impact on the economy of host countries after becoming permanent residents. The study analyzed 30 years of data from 15 Western European countries and found that an increase in migration flows produces positive effects on GDP per capita, unemployment rate, and public finances.
A new report analyzes 30 years of economic and migration data, revealing that asylum seekers have a positive impact on host countries' economies. Asylum seekers take longer than migrants to have a positive effect but still contribute significantly to tax revenues and improve public finances.
A policy package of bequest taxes and land value taxes could reduce wealth inequality without diminishing economic performance. The study finds that these taxes have a strong advantage over corporate taxation, and can even help mitigate housing shortages.
A study by Dr. MG Carta et al. found a high prevalence of symptoms of depression among healthcare workers in Italy, with significant risks for physicians, nurses, and surgeons. The study highlights the impact of job stressors on mental health and quality of life among healthcare professionals.
A study finds that many state pension plans use open-ended amortization to delay payments, making their financial condition appear better than it is. This practice exacerbates funding shortfalls and increases the risk of insufficient funds to pay pension obligations.
A new study finds that Indian technology firms, both registered and unregistered, engage in corruption when competing with smaller rivals. However, when facing foreign multinational corporations, they prioritize employee training over corrupt practices.
Researchers found that investors who experienced intense positive emotions before trading were more aggressive and pushed prices up, while those with negative emotions proceeded cautiously. This study increases understanding of how bubbles work and highlights the importance of considering emotional triggers in asset price inflation.
A new study found that companies experience significant improvement when a former politician takes a leadership role, but CEOs moving to politics do not provide the same benefits. Former cabinet secretaries proved to be the most valuable hires, stimulating stock returns of 3.6% per year.
Recent shale development has generally benefited local governments in the US, generating new revenues from property taxes, sales taxes, and severance taxes. However, some municipalities have struggled to manage rapid population growth and associated infrastructure needs.
New research suggests private exchanges like dark pools can actually improve price discovery in public markets by attracting less-informed traders. Well-informed investors may be unable to fill their orders quickly, prompting them to return to public exchanges for better liquidity.
A new study by University of Warwick economists reveals that lobbyists' revenues fall by 24% when their former employer leaves government office, highlighting the significant value of personal connections in US politics. The research uses public directories to quantify the impact of these connections on lobbyist earnings.
A study analyzing stock market volatility over 50 years reveals the existence of hidden temporal order and high correlations between fear-driven market fluctuations and price variations. This discovery implies that traditional investment strategies should incorporate consideration for the 'volatility of volatility' in portfolio design.
The report examines how individuals behave in stock and credit markets, noting that people tend to be more influenced by perceived risk than objective risk. It also discusses how financial crises impact people's well-being, including the role of cognitive biases and affective social influences.
A new report emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts and adaptive leadership skills in addressing complex social issues in Scotland's public sector. Experts recommend reevaluating leadership education to foster a culture of sharing ideas and learning from each other.
China is facing significant challenges to health equity, with rural infant mortality rates nearly five times higher than in urban areas. The country has established health insurance schemes, but faces issues with market failures, inadequate government investment, and inequity in social determinants of health.
A new study found that firms with high analyst coverage engage in excessive external financing and capital spending, resulting in lower future returns. Firms with high analyst coverage tend to have higher levels of investment compared to those with low analyst coverage.
Research published by SAGE explores the impact of teachers on education quality and equity, focusing on issues like teacher certification, recruitment practices, and salary effects. The study reveals complex challenges facing disadvantaged districts, including high teacher turnover rates.
A survey found that most physicians support financial incentives for better medical care, but oppose public reporting of quality assessments. Doctors worry that such programs may harm poor and non-compliant patients.
A new study finds that publicly schooled kindergarteners outperform privately schooled peers in terms of learning gains, contrary to expectations. The research suggests that instituting all-day kindergarten could help narrow the achievement gap between public and private schools.
A study of US government financial managers found that timely feedback from supervisors can mitigate stress and encourage ethical action. The majority of respondents reported feeling less stressed when they received regular, constructive feedback on their performance.