Articles tagged with Exobiology
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that ancient ocean chemistry created a self-sustaining cycle that kept oxygen levels high after they first rose. This cycle, fueled by phosphorus recycling, allowed for biological productivity and maintained oxygen in the atmosphere.
A new study suggests that Enceladus's icy vents may concentrate organic molecules and molecular biosignatures into individual grains, making them easier to detect. Researchers propose that the process could aid in the search for life on the moon.
The UK is leading the development of one of the core instruments of the Habitable Worlds Observatory, a mission to search for Earth-like planets and study their atmospheres. The observatory aims to answer whether we are alone in the universe with technological advances and scientific breakthroughs.
Scientists have focused on a specific frequency range, known as the 'water hole,' to search for alien signals. A new study suggests that high-frequency radio telescopes could play an important role in future SETI programs and may provide an alternative avenue for detecting technological signals.
Researchers at Michigan State University found that current AI models can be duped into seeing signatures of life in digital organisms with high accuracy. However, when tested on unseen examples, the results were less impressive. The team showed that it was possible to convince the AI that it was seeing signs of life where they didn’t ...
A University of Manchester astronomer led a major international effort to update the long-standing 'post-detection protocols' used in Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). The revised Declaration of Principles marks the first major update in over 15 years, reflecting a media landscape transformed by social media and artifici...
Researchers found amino acids are consistently more diverse and evenly distributed in biological samples than abiotic ones, while fatty acids show the opposite pattern. This fundamental principle of life may be detectable in data collected by space missions.
A semi-autonomous robotic explorer equipped with compact instruments can significantly speed up resource prospecting and the search for biosignatures on planetary surfaces. The robot successfully identified diverse rock types relevant to planetary exploration, including gypsum, carbonates, basalts, dunite, and anorthosite.
Researchers pinpoint 45 rocky worlds with potential to support life, including TRAPPIST-1 d and e, Proxima Centauri b, and Kepler 186f. The study also explores the boundaries of habitability using exoplanets with unusual orbits.
A machine learning framework, LifeTracer, has been developed to analyze mass spectrometry data and identify patterns distinguishing abiotic from biotic origins. The framework achieved over 87% accuracy in classifying meteoritic and terrestrial samples, with key predictive features including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
A team of researchers from NASA Goddard and Penn State found that fragments of molecules from E. coli bacteria can survive for over 50 million years in pure water ice, but degrade faster in mixed soil samples. This suggests that future Mars missions should target locations with pure ice or ice-dominated permafrost to search for life.
Researchers found that methane, ethane, and hydrogen cyanide can interact in ways previously thought impossible, expanding our understanding of chemistry before life emerged. This discovery has implications for the origin of life on Earth and may shed light on similar conditions in other cold environments in space.
Researchers found that yeast can survive Martian-like conditions by assembling ribonucleoprotein condensates, which protect RNA and affect mRNA fates. The study suggests the importance of understanding RNP condensates in predicting the effects of Martian conditions on life.
New research suggests that technological alien life may be rare on planets without plate tectonics and too little carbon dioxide. The study found that a planet with 10% carbon dioxide could maintain a biosphere for up to 4.2 billion years, while one with 1% carbon dioxide would last only 3.1 billion years.
NASA microbiologist James Holden is searching for signs of microbial life in Earth's deep-sea volcanoes, which he believes could be similar to those on Jupiter's moon Europa. The hydrothermal vents, where these microbes thrive, provide a unique environment that may support alien life.
A UK-backed mission, VERVE, is set to search and map gases rich in hydrogen that shouldn't be present on Venus. The probe will investigate potential biomarkers phosphine and ammonia, which could indicate the presence of microbial lifeforms.
Research suggests that airport radar systems and military operations can inadvertently reveal our existence to potential advanced alien civilizations due to hidden electromagnetic leakage. Worldwide aviation hubs like Heathrow and Gatwick emit signals strong enough to be detected by telescopes up to 200 light-years away.
A new study reveals a connection between solar flares and short-term weather patterns on exoplanets. The research found that sudden outbursts of radiation from stars can cause measurable changes in a planet's climate within days.
Researchers suggest looking for tell-tale patterns of energy instead of particular molecules or compounds associated with life. They argue that any living organism is extremely unlikely to be on its own and will always be part of an ecological community.
Researchers estimate that detecting no signs of life on 40-80 exoplanets would allow for an upper limit on the prevalence of life in the universe. However, uncertainties and biases in individual observations must be carefully considered to ensure reliable results.
Researchers identify methyl halides as a potential sign of microbial life on Hycean planets with thick hydrogen atmospheres. The gas could accumulate in exoplanet atmospheres and be detectable from light-years away, offering an optimal strategy for the search for extraterrestrial life.
Scientists have retrieved handpicked samples from Mars, including rock cores and fragmented rocks, for the first time in history. The samples will help learn more about Mars' past life, climate, and geology, as well as provide insights into Earth's surface.
Researchers at UTIG develop a computer model to detect oceans in Uranus' moons by analyzing small oscillations in their spin. The technique could reveal liquid water worlds throughout the galaxy, potentially harboring life.
A modelling study suggests that Martian ice deposits in mid-latitudes could provide conditions necessary for photosynthetic life. The study found that ice containing dust content levels between 0.01-0.1% could have a habitable region at depths of 5-38 cm, with cleaner ice allowing for deeper zones.
Researchers used Google AI tool to map proteins' configurations and their ability to resist pressure changes, offering insights into protein design and life on other planets. The findings shed light on deep ocean life and could lead to new targets for structural and biophysical studies.
Researchers at Georgia State University have developed a new approach to finding life beyond Earth by focusing on the most abundant type of star in the universe: M dwarfs. With their vast resources and potential for habitable planets, M dwarfs offer the best chance for scientists to discover life-supporting exoplanets.
The samples, obtained from river deposits in a dried-up lake on Mars, are crucial for understanding the Red Planet's water history. The fine-grained sediments in the rocks are believed to retain signs of past biological activity, including organic molecules, making them significant for searching for life on Mars.
A team of scientists has found evidence for a large underground reservoir of liquid water on Mars, which could be a promising place to look for life on the planet. The reservoir is estimated to cover most of the Martian surface and is located in tiny cracks and pores in rock beneath the surface.
The James Webb Space Telescope has provided the first measurements of an exoplanet's core mass, with WASP-107 b showing a thousand times less methane than expected. The planet's super-sized core and turbulent atmosphere are being studied to better understand how planetary atmospheres behave in extreme conditions.
A new study challenges the initial detection of a biosignature gas on K2-18b, suggesting that the data may be inconclusive. However, researchers believe it's possible for life to produce detectable levels of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the planet's atmosphere.
Researchers found microbial communities in Atacama Desert soil, dominated by Actinobacteria and possibly relying on gypsum for water. The discovery hints at a previously unknown deep biosphere under hyper-arid desert soils, with potential implications for the search for extraterrestrial life.
A new paper argues that Venus, with its surface temperatures hot enough to melt lead and a toxic atmosphere, can provide valuable lessons about the potential for life on other planets. The study highlights the importance of understanding the conditions that make Earth habitable, as well as the risks of runaway greenhouse effects.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that the 2014 meteor fireball's signal was not from an extraterrestrial source but likely from a truck. The team re-examined data and found that the signal matched a road near the seismometer, contradicting earlier reports of alien materials.
Researchers from Ohio State University tested upcoming telescopes' ability to detect chemical traces of oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane and water on 10 rocky exoplanets. The study found that two nearby worlds, Proxima Centauri b and GJ 887 b, are highly adept at detecting biosignatures with advanced telescopes.
Researchers discovered two stages of evolutionary adaptation for cyanobacteria to use far-red light, enabling enhanced light absorption capabilities. The findings hold profound implications for understanding life in the cosmos, particularly in conditions surrounding M-dwarf stars.
A recent study by Professor Amri Wandel reveals that subglacial liquid water can extend the Habitable Zone for tidally locked planets and even broaden its limits. This discovery presents opportunities for searching for extraterrestrial life on a diverse range of exoplanets.
New studies show that giant gas planets in nearby star systems can prevent life on smaller, rocky planet neighbors by kicking them out of orbit and wreaking havoc on their climates. Researchers found that four giant planets in the HD 141399 system are likely to destroy the chances for life on Earth-like planets.
Researchers from Trinity College Dublin are searching millions of star systems for technosignatures that could support intelligent alien life. The team has already scanned 1.6 million star systems but so far, no signals have been detected.
Scientists have identified a previously unknown class of bacterial proteins that suppress the growth of methane clathrates as effectively as commercial chemicals, but are non-toxic and scalable. This discovery has significant implications for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the safety of transporting natural gas.
A new AI-based system can detect signs of biological life in samples with high accuracy, enabling the search for life on other planets. The system uses machine-learning methods to analyze data from various sources and predict whether a sample is biological or non-biological.
Researchers at Breakthrough Listen project have devised a new technique for finding and vetting possible radio signals from other civilizations. The technique eliminates the possibility of signal being mere radio interference from Earth, boosting confidence in future detection of alien life.
Researchers found magnetotactic bacteria living on a hydrothermal vent chimney at 2,787 meters below the ocean's surface. The discovery provides clues to the early diversification of bacteria and offers insights into the environment that may support extraterrestrial life.
University of Arizona engineers create a communication network allowing robots to explore subsurface environments independently, deploying miniaturized sensors as they traverse caves. The 'breadcrumb-style' system enables swarms of individual robots to navigate convoluted environments without losing contact.
Researchers used AI to map sparse life hidden in salt domes, rocks, and crystals at Salar de Pajonales, a Martian analog. The study found that microbial life is concentrated in patchy biological hotspots linked to water availability, and AI can detect biosignatures up to 87.5% of the time.
University of Arizona engineers create autonomous vehicle system that allows robots to scout out underground habitats on other planets. The 'Breadcrumb-Style Dynamically Deployed Communication Network' paradigm enables robots to work together without human input, addressing NASA's space technology grand challenges.
A new study proposes focusing on time-resolved analogs to analyze changes in dynamic environments over many years. The researchers used the extremely salty Tirez lagoon in central Spain, which had experienced alternating dry and wet periods before reaching total desiccation in 2015.
A University of Maryland-led team developed a miniaturized analyzer to detect signs of life on other planets. The instrument combines a pulsed ultraviolet laser with Orbitrap analysis to identify chemical structures in planetary samples.
The Martian meteorite Tissint has revealed a rich inventory of organic compounds, offering insights into Mars' habitability. The study, published in Science Advances, discovered an unprecedented diversity of organic molecules, including magnesium compounds not previously seen on the planet.
Astronomers found that a planet like GJ 1252b, orbiting an M dwarf star, would likely lose its atmosphere due to intense heat and radiation. The discovery narrows the search for habitable planets around these stars, but leaves room for possibilities further away from the star.
Researchers find that airborne chemical methyl bromide is a compelling indicator of biological activity on other planets. Its detectability increases around M dwarf stars, making it an attractive target for future missions to search for extraterrestrial life.
Scientists have discovered new evidence of phosphorus availability in Enceladus's ocean, making it a prime target in the search for extraterrestrial life. The discovery suggests that Enceladus's subsurface ocean is likely habitable due to its high levels of dissolved phosphorus.
The Perseverance rover has collected the first Martian rock samples that could be returned to Earth, shedding light on whether Mars ever hosted life. The rock samples come from the Jezero crater floor, where scientists believe a watery past may have supported life.
Researchers have reconstructed what life was like for some of Earth's earliest organisms using light-capturing proteins in living microbes. The findings could help recognize signs of life on other planets with atmospheres similar to ancient Earth.
The Biofinder instrument has successfully detected bio-residue in ancient fish fossils from the Green River formation, confirming that biological residues can survive millions of years. The device's capabilities make it an ideal tool for future NASA missions to detect signs of past life on other planetary bodies.
A research team discovered that bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter bacteria survived on Mars-like conditions. The study found minor changes in the genome after reactivation on Earth, suggesting cellulose as a potential biomarker for extraterrestrial life.
Chemists at Scripps Research have found that cyanide can drive metabolic reactions to create carbon-based compounds from carbon dioxide, expanding our understanding of the origins of life on Earth and its potential for existing elsewhere. This discovery opens up new avenues for searching for extraterrestrial life.
Researchers from McGill University found that oxygen levels rose with complex eukaryotic ecosystems, indicating low oxygen was a significant limitation on evolution for billions of years. The discovery has implications for searching for biosignatures in other planets, focusing on ozone detection.
Researchers from the University of Liege have discovered a new methodology to identify phototrophic eukaryotes in fossils, revealing one of the first unambiguous algae. The discovery provides insights into the evolution of eukaryotic phototrophy during the Precambrian and the diversification of primary producers in early ecosystems.
Researchers found fatty acid compounds, GDGTs, and archaeol compounds in salt sediments of Qaidam Basin, a promising analog site for Mars exploration. The distribution of lipids provides important references for understanding Martian habitability.
A new telescope may be able to spot biosignatures on other planets in just three days, with six gas dwarf planets potentially harboring life. Researchers have calculated that the James Webb Space Telescope could detect ammonia around these planets after a few orbits.