Researchers have developed advanced optical 3D printing methods for creating tissue scaffolds with controlled structure and scale, mimicking native extracellular matrices. These methods offer high precision, cost-effectiveness, and potential for broader applications in tissue engineering.
A novel SURF4-to-proteoglycan relay mechanism regulates the secretion of sonic hedgehog (Shh), a key signaling molecule in cancer progression. The study offers new insights into inhibiting Shh secretion and shutting down the Hh signaling pathway to hinder cancer progression.
Intelligent metasurfaces have three crucial properties: digitalization, programmability, and intelligence. They enable control without human intervention, unlocking devices like cloaking, tunneling, and holograms.
Researchers are developing a project to improve team cognition for future space missions. The project will examine how decreases in cognition cascade to the team level and impact performance. It aims to develop training and technologies, such as AI-based assistants, to counteract potential decreases in team performance.
A team of scientists has discovered a bi-directional neural network connecting the legs and visual system in fruit flies, enabling them to walk while tracking their steps. The study reveals that this network supports walking on two different timescales simultaneously.
A new study maps the distinct differences among cells in the retina's retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which nourishes and supports photoreceptors. The research identifies five subpopulations with varying levels of disease sensitivity, opening doors to more precise cell and gene therapies for specific degenerative eye diseases.
A new white paper from Portland State University explores how purchase incentive programs can expand the current e-bike market, identifying effective program structures and administration methods. The study examines impacts and statistics from around 75 e-bike incentive programs in North America.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have identified a new mechanism that appears to reverse the build-up of aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. By stressing cells, they found that protein misfolding was eliminated, potentially allowing for the refolding of correctly folded proteins.
A statewide CHAMPS program in Mississippi increased breastfeeding rates among birthing women and reduced racial disparities. The program reached 98% of eligible patients, resulting in a 10-point increase in breastfeeding initiation rates.
Researchers discovered fossilized trilobite appendages exhibiting characteristics similar to those found in male horseshoe crabs. These findings suggest a unique mating strategy, where males use the appendages to grasp females during reproduction, providing insight into the reproductive behavior of ancient complex animals.
The study reveals that superconductors can transmit spin currents between magnets, allowing for controlled magnetic interactions and modifying the magnetic response. This breakthrough enables new approaches to information processing using magnetic materials at low temperatures.
The NIH has launched a Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate an investigational preventative vaccine for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The study aims to assess the safety and immune response of the EBV gp350-Ferritin nanoparticle vaccine with a saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant.
A new lensless opto-electronic neural network (LOEN) architecture is developed for computer vision tasks, utilizing a passive mask to perform convolution operations in the optical field. The system achieves high recognition accuracy and energy efficiency compared to traditional machine vision links.
A University of Washington model found that the body's ability to create cloned immune cells falls significantly with age, leading to increased susceptibility to COVID-19 in the elderly. The study suggests that genetic limits on cell division may play a role in the devastating effects of COVID-19 on older adults.
A new project led by INRS will assess how living organisms respond to reduced pesticide use, focusing on soil and water health. The study aims to provide a clear understanding of the benefits and limitations of reducing pesticide use in sustainable farming.
A new study by George Mason University Professor Priyanka Anand found that paid leave mandates reduce the likelihood of caregivers reducing their paid work hours to care for a spouse with a disability or health shock. However, without job protection, these policies may lead to increased employment departure among caregivers.
A new study by New York University's Center for Social Media and Politics found that labeling credible sources does not shift people away from low-quality information or reduce misperceptions. However, providing credibility indicators may improve the news diet quality of heavy misinformation consumers.
A UCI-led study shows that the global trade of agricultural goods is driving a growth in greenhouse gas emissions in less-developed nations, with land-use change contributing three-quarters of these emissions. The study highlights the need for importers to adopt 'buy clean' policies and for regions to improve supply chain transparency.
Researchers have discovered a simple way to prevent pharmaceutical fraud using candy-coated pills with unique color patterns. The technique, called CandyCode, uses tiny multicolored candy nonpareils as a uniquely identifiable coating for pharmaceutical capsules and pills.
A new photonic-engineered thermal management strategy incorporates enhanced color-preserving radiative cooling into existing enclosures, reducing energy consumption by up to 63%. The system is designed to simultaneously reflect solar energy and radiate infrared energy, while blocking heat radiation from entering the inner space.
Researchers at UT Southwestern discovered that timing feedings to match the active period of the circadian cycle extended the life span of lab mice more than three times as much as caloric restriction alone. The findings showed improved metabolic health, lower inflammation and cancer incidence in long-lived animals.
A six-month coaching program for female resident physicians significantly reduced emotional exhaustion and imposter syndrome, while increasing self-compassion. The program addressed toxic physician culture and provided tools to manage thoughts, feelings, and actions.
A UK study of nearly 400,000 adults found that being overweight or obese amplifies the harmful effects of alcohol on cancer risk. Higher obesity levels are associated with a greater risk of developing both obesity-related and alcohol-related cancers, regardless of alcohol consumption.
The world's ocean is losing its year-to-year memory due to global warming, making it harder to predict ocean conditions. This decline in ocean memory will have significant impacts on fisheries management, population estimates, and land-based weather forecasts.
Researchers from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science successfully detected OH radicals at 2.8 μm wavelength using optical-feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OF-CEAS). This breakthrough provides a new direct detection method for OH radicals, crucial for understanding atmospheric chemistry.
Researchers estimate that European soils receive between 31,000 and 42,000 tonnes of microplastic particles each year, mirroring ocean surface waters. Microplastics spread onto farmland can contaminate the food chain, posing a significant threat to wildlife.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba developed a portable MRI system to identify wrist cartilage damage among athletes, providing a convenient means of early detection and treatment. The system enables quick screening at remote locations, eliminating the need for hospital visits.
Surgeons-in-training suggest reducing waste, switching to reusable devices and gowns, optimizing OR energy use, and delivering care via telemedicine to lower climate impact. Implementing these changes can help extend patient lifespan and expand access to timely care while addressing climate change.
Chirped pulse driving is proposed to eliminate multiple temporal trapping positions in passive Kerr-resonators-based dissipative cavity solitons. The results demonstrate the chirp is responsible for single soliton generation, with deterministic generation achieved at sufficient chirp parameters.
A study suggests that women who have had weight loss surgery should wait at least two years before trying for a baby due to the risk of having an underweight (small for gestational age) baby. The longer interval from surgery to conception is associated with a lower risk of SGA babies.
Inversions in the human genome are more common than previously believed, according to a recent study. The researchers found that these genetic variations can lead to genomic instability and an increased risk of certain diseases, including developmental delays and neuropsychiatric disorders.
A study by Berkeley Haas researchers found that people in advantaged positions perceive equality as harming them, leading to opposition to policies that reduce disparities. This cognitive mistake causes individuals to prioritize their relative advantage over absolute gains, even if it means voting for policies that cause economic harm.
The article discusses the importance of nano-catalysis in chemical transformations, energy conversion, and storage. A comprehensive review on innovative catalysts is presented, shedding light on their synthesis strategies, applications, and impact on catalytic processes.
A researcher at Eindhoven University of Technology has successfully printed a 4D-beetle that changes color when it gets wetter. The beetle uses iridescent properties and is made from liquid crystal technology, which allows it to respond to external stimuli like humidity.
Researchers aim to overcome physical limitations of telecommunications by creating immediate response regardless of distance. The eTouch project leverages Model-Mediated Teleoperation and Edge Computing to enable haptic feedback perception without noticeable delay.
CHOP researchers developed CancerVar, an artificial intelligence-empowered platform for interpreting somatic cancer mutations. The tool provides standardized procedures for assessing the clinical impacts of over 13 million somatic cancer mutations.
A study analyzing Medicare claims data found that policy changes reduced the share of patients receiving hospice care for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The changes also slowed growth in hospice care use by these patients.
A comprehensive review of non-separability in classical light explores its potential for fundamental science and applications. The study introduces a unified framework for classifying non-separable states involving different degrees of freedom of light, offering a timely perspective on the field.
Researchers found that forests and forest edges provide natural conditions that buffer extreme heat and drought, allowing for a greater diversity of pollinating insects. This study suggests that maintaining large proportions of forested land in the landscape could help mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on insect populations.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati are exploring a cost-effective solution to deploy in urban streams, such as adding fallen logs and branches. The goal is to create more standing pools for fish during droughts, slow periodic floodwaters, and reduce nutrients that can harm aquatic life.
Researchers have developed a full-set wireless self-powered ammonia leakage monitor system for ammonia-energy ships, which includes a honeycomb triboelectric nanogenerator-based power generation system and a carbon nanotube doped polypyrrole-based ammonia detection system. The system exhibited good performance with low detection limits...
Researchers have developed a new method to expand the wavelength range of nanowire lasers using the second-order nonlinear effect. By utilizing this effect, high-quality GaAs/In core/shell NWs can generate visible lasing peaks at 508 nm via self-frequency-conversion processes such as second-harmonic generation (SHG). The technology als...
Daniel Preston, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Rice University, has won the National Science Foundation CAREER Award for his proposal on textile-based wearable robots. The grant aims to develop a platform for non-electronic computation that can be integrated directly into wearable robots, addressing problems with s...
The US military is facing a significant challenge due to the growing obesity epidemic, which limits recruits, decreases re-enlistment candidacy, and reduces mission readiness. Nutrition education and access to healthy food are key solutions proposed by experts to address this issue.
SourceElsevier·JournalJournal of Nutrition Education and Behavior·TypeCommentary/editorial·DateMay 6, 2022
A recent study by Nationwide Children's Hospital found that low-income US children and teenagers experienced significant weight gain during the first 3–6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. This trend was particularly pronounced among younger children, girls, and ethnic-minority youth.
A mailed at-home disposal kit increased self-reported rates of disposal of unused opioids after common surgical procedures. The study found that patients who received the kit reported a higher rate of opioid disposal compared to those without access to such kits.
Researchers at UC San Diego describe the underlying signaling pathway that causes PAH and a novel monoclonal antibody therapy that blocks abnormal blood vessel formation. The study reveals two opposing roles of NOTCH ligands and opens a door to a potentially new treatment for PAH.
Researchers successfully implemented and reconfigured 7 kinds of logic functions into one single nanotrack using magnetic skyrmions-based logic gates. This simplification promotes the potential application of these devices in information processing.
Researchers found that some quantum computer chips are dangerously close to chaos due to improper disorder design. A delicate balance must be struck to safeguard device operation.
A regional COVID-19 prevention system in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan did not substantially alter user behavior despite being associated with some positive health behaviors. The study aimed to investigate factors that make these systems effective and identify areas for improvement.
A recent study found that only 3% of adults with a recording of overweight or obesity in England are referred to weight management programmes, indicating under-reporting in primary care. The programme's effectiveness varies across the country, and the lack of national registry makes it difficult to determine access for patients.
Research published in Circulation Journal Report found no cardiovascular disease benefits among adults using both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes. E-cigarette use was associated with lower self-reported cardiovascular events compared to traditional cigarette smoking, but more data are needed for long-term evidence.
A 36-mer cellulose synthase supercomplex is formed in cotton fibers during the secondary cell wall synthesis period. The supercomplex requires all three subunits for full function and is essential for cellulose microfibril structure and secondary cell wall strength.
A study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that mailing opioid disposal kits doubled the rate of safe disposal among patients who received them. The kits were provided to 235 patients after orthopedic or urologic procedures and resulted in the safe disposal of 480 unused tablets.
A collaboration between researchers identified crucial minerals regulating gene expression to control tissue renewal and growth. Minerals such as silicon, magnesium, and lithium induce endochondral ossification by turning on key genes, leading to the transformation of stem cells into bone cells.
Women with obesity and high waist circumference are more susceptible to fractures than those with normal weight. The study found a linear relationship between waist circumference and the incidence of fracture at any site and at the distal lower limb, particularly at the ankle.
Serial self-testing with untrained individuals revealed a high frequency of procedural steps errors and accurate interpretations were inconsistent. The study suggests that self-performed RADT may not be suitable for mass screening in the workplace.
A theoretical study reveals that long-range quantum entanglement can persist at temperatures above absolute zero if a three-way interaction is present. This finding has significant implications for the development of room-temperature stable quantum devices, which could revolutionize future energy transport and computing.
SourceRIKEN·JournalPhysical Review X·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateMay 6, 2022
Research using high static magnetic fields up to 33T found no serious effects on healthy mice but improved sociality and spatial memory, alleviating anxiety symptoms. The study suggests high SMFs may be developed as anti-depression treatments in the future.
A study by Jeffrey Hall found that face-to-face interaction has declined uniformly across the US, Great Britain, and Australia since before the rise of social media. This decline is attributed to increased work hours and media consumption, rather than a displacement effect.