Researchers at University of Exeter discovered engravings in Tanzania's Zanzibar archipelago made by soldiers on guard duty, revealing ships that sailed on the western Indian Ocean during the 19th century. The graffiti depict various vessel types, including European-style frigates and settee-rigged ocean-going vessels, providing valuab...
A team of international researchers created digital models of disease interactions to identify key proteins and signaling cascades in seasonal allergies. They found that inhibiting PDGF-BB protein was more effective than existing treatments, suggesting a potential breakthrough in personalized medicine.
Almost a quarter of physicians reported experiencing mistreatment in the last year, with women being twice as likely to report it. The study also found significant disparities in mistreatment by race and gender, highlighting the need for healthcare organizations to address these issues.
A new study analyzing 174 peer-reviewed studies on the effects of nature on human well-being found that participants were overwhelmingly white and from high-income countries. The research highlights a diversity problem in the field, which threatens its ability to make universal scientific claims.
The post-pandemic economic recovery of people with disabilities remained strong in April, with the employment-to-population ratio increasing to 34.0 percent and labor force participation rate also on the rise. The labor market continues to exceed pre-pandemic levels, with sustained good news since 2018.
A Texas A&M University study found that employee and company resiliency may be enhanced through remote work during natural disasters. Despite initial concerns, employees' work behaviors returned to pre-hurricane levels after working remotely for seven months.
Researchers at Tulane University have developed a new family of two-dimensional materials called transition metal carbo-chalcogenides (TMCC), which combines the properties of two existing families. The TMCC material has promising applications in advanced electronics, high-capacity batteries, and other fields due to its unique set of pr...
Obesity rates in Denmark have increased dramatically, from 6% in 1987 to over 18% in 2021, with a strong period effect observed. The study highlights the need for concerted action to reverse this trend and addresses social inequality in obesity.
The Mekong delta, Southeast Asia's most productive agricultural region and home to 17 million people, is at risk of disappearing by the end of the century due to subsidence. Sediment loss from upstream dams and poor water management exacerbates the issue, threatening food security and livelihoods.
Researchers used computer modeling to simulate the long-term evolution of a hypothesized type of supernova, known as D6. The study found that remnants of type Ia explosions are not necessarily symmetric, offering new insights into supernova physics. This finding has significant implications for using Ia supernovae as cosmic yardsticks.
SourceRIKEN·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateMay 6, 2022
Researchers developed a droplet-based microfluidic technology to produce micro-organospheres from cancer patient biopsies within an hour. These miniature tumors retain the original microenvironment and can be used for testing many drug conditions, showing almost perfect correlation with actual clinical treatment outcomes.
The article reviews the biosafety of different delivery systems for nucleic acid drugs, highlighting the importance of carrier selection and drug administration method. It also highlights the benefits of carrier-free delivery systems in reducing adverse effects.
A new study found that reality TV programs in the UK exhibit frequent displays of alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy foods, raising concerns about youth exposure. The research estimates that these shows delivered millions of impressions to children, highlighting the need for revised regulations.
A recent study found that tropical vegetation benefits less from elevated CO2 levels due to its surprising small effect on woody cover. Moisture availability and wildfire frequency were identified as the most important factors influencing woody cover change in tropical forest-savanna transitions.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai discovered how the brain uses a group of neurons in the frontal lobe to monitor performance, enabling humans to learn from mistakes and develop specific skills. This mechanism allows for flexibility in learning new tasks and adjusting focus based on conflict or difficulty encountered.
A new study published in Cyberpsychology, Behaviour and Social Networking found that taking a one-week break from social media can lead to significant improvements in wellbeing, depression and anxiety. Participants who took a break reported improved mood and reduced symptoms of anxiety compared to those who continued using social media.
Researchers at Helmholtz Institute Jena set a new record for polarized X-ray purity with 8×10^−11, enabling experiments on quantum optics and charge distribution in solids. The discovery also holds promise for detecting vacuum birefringence and could provide clues to previously unknown elementary particles.
A team of researchers found that wetlands, including salt marshes and mangrove forests, are global 'hotspots' of CO2 storage. Plants in these ecosystems build landscapes that capture and store carbon dioxide, making them a crucial tool in the fight against climate change.
A UK study of over a million adults found that young adults (under 45) and women were more likely to gain weight and move up at least one BMI category during lockdown. The study suggests that this could lead to an increased risk of obesity-related health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
A study in mice found that caloric restriction with timed feeding, particularly at night, promotes longevity. Calorie restriction extended lifespan as expected, but its benefits were maximized when the fasting interval exceeded 12 hours and food was consumed during the organism's natural active phase.
Researchers have mapped a huge, actively circulating groundwater system in deep sediments in West Antarctica, which could speed glaciers and release carbon. The discovery has significant implications for understanding the behavior of the frozen form found in glaciers.
A new study published by the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology shows that COVID-19 has increased anxiety and asthma symptoms among adults with asthma, while reducing food allergy-specific anxiety for parents of children with food allergies.
A new $5 million center, MIXR, aims to develop, test and certify XR technologies in medicine and healthcare. The collaboration between academia, industry and government will improve medical training, patient management and health outcomes.
A new study at the European Congress on Obesity found that toddlers who were rewarded for trying vegetables ate more of them. The study, which involved 598 children aged 1-4, showed that regularly offering vegetables increased recognition and willingness to try different types.
A COVID vaccine designed for oral administration neutralizes the SARS-CoV-2 virus in mucosal tissues, limiting infections and airborne transmission. The study found vaccinated hamsters were less symptomatic and shed fewer viral particles after exposure.
A flying intervention team deployment was significantly associated with shorter time to endovascular thrombectomy, supporting consideration for some stroke systems of care. The findings may need further research to confirm long-term clinical outcomes and applicability in other geographic settings.
A study by Norwegian University of Science and Technology found that humour is an effective flirtation tactic for both sexes, especially for men seeking long-term relationships. Women who want a short-lived fling should signal their intentions clearly. The research also highlights the importance of smiling, eye contact, and showing pot...
A team of physicists and chemists at the University of Surrey used computer modeling to show that quantum mechanics can cause errors in DNA replication, leading to mutations. The researchers found that protons can tunnel through energy barriers, causing mistakes in the pairing of DNA bases.
The study analyzed over 40,000 words from English texts and found that monosyllabic Middle English words predominantly had long vowels, which were more easily processed by the brain. This suggests that our brains are wired to learn and prefer frequent sound patterns, leading to gradual language changes.
A meta-analysis of 11 randomised trials found that vegan diets for at least 12 weeks can lead to clinically meaningful weight loss and improved blood sugar control. However, vegan diets did not affect blood pressure or triglycerides compared to other diets.
Researchers at Texas A&M University used an Artificial Intelligence Materials Selection framework to discover a new shape memory alloy with the highest efficiency ever recorded. The alloy's narrow transformation temperature window and high cyclic stability make it ideal for thermal energy harvesting and storage.
A new study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that neighborhood poverty and crowding are associated with higher rates of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Researchers analyzed data from over 5,991 pregnant patients and found disparities in SARS-CoV-2 positivity among different racial and ethnic groups.
The study reveals that NPY peptides use different 'docking pathways' to interact with their receptors, leading to varying signals in the cell. The flexibility and mobility of the complexes play a crucial role in this process.
Researchers have identified over 2.4 million households in 49 countries as being below a certain economic threshold, based on the percentage of unlit settlements detected using nighttime light satellite images. The study found a clear association between increasing percentages of unlit communities and decreasing economic wellbeing levels.
Scientists develop new method to visualize and characterize topological edge states in photonic crystals beyond the optical diffraction limit. The research enables enhanced quantum efficiency or inhibited quantum emission by controlling radiation characteristics of these states.
Researchers from Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have developed a single-material, single-stimuli microstructure that can outmaneuver even living cilia. These programmable structures could be used for soft robotics, biocompatible medical devices, and dynamic information encryption.
Researchers have discovered a unique mechanism called 'momentum-dependent spin splitting' that allows for strong spin currents and efficient magnetic switching. This discovery could lead to advances in magnetic random-access memory technologies.
Annual increases in uterine cancer mortality rates from 2010 to 2017 were found to be significantly higher among Hispanic (6.7%) and Black (3.5%) women compared to White (1.5%) and Asian (3.4%) women. These disparities highlight the need for targeted interventions to address racial and ethnic inequalities in uterine cancer care.
A new study reveals that recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) may be caused by an imbalance in the gut microbiome, which can lead to chronic inflammation and increased risk of future UTIs. Antibiotics given to treat UTIs can disrupt the microbiome, making it easier for disease-causing bacteria to spread.
A new study found that naming legislation after a victim increases support for the law and its associated punishment, with notable benefits for laws named after African American women. The study used distracted driving as an example and surveyed a national sample of 1,000 U.S. adults.
Researchers from Harvard University and QuEra Computing have demonstrated a breakthrough application of neutral-atom quantum processors to solve practical optimization problems. The team achieved unprecedented quantum hardware power, showcasing a super-linear quantum speed-up compared to classical algorithms.
A recent study found that the US has a higher heart attack mortality rate compared to other high-income countries, including Taiwan. The study, published in The BMJ, analyzed data from six countries and found that the US had lower revascularization rates despite having advanced medical technology.
The Hubble Space Telescope has discovered a surviving companion star to SN 2013ge, providing crucial insight into the binary nature of massive stars. The finding sheds light on the puzzle of hydrogen loss pre-supernova and supports the theory that most massive stars are paired.
Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered a promising approach to treating pancreatic cancer, which has a low survival rate. The study found that a liposomal prodrug outperformed traditional treatments in cancer cell cultures and animal models.
Researchers found antibody levels in people with severe obesity are significantly lower than normal weight controls after receiving two doses of either the Pfizer/BioNTech or CoronaVac vaccine. The study suggests that individuals with severe obesity may generate a weaker immune response to COVID-19 vaccination.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science propose two new search strategies to reduce the computational cost of rebalancing in bicycle-sharing systems. The approaches focus on finding feasible solutions more efficiently and redefine the problem to minimize solving time.
A new method reduces computational complexity of traffic models, making them operate more efficiently. The modified algorithm breaks down complex forecasting questions into smaller problems that can be solved in parallel, significantly reducing run time. This approach also allows for a good enough solution within an error bar, rather t...
Scientists have developed a transparent device that produces a hidden image when light shines on it, using liquid crystals to recreate an ancient light trick. The technology has the potential to enable reconfigurable displays and stable 3D images.
Researchers discovered that moss cells can form mobile spindles during mitosis, moving like animal cells. This unusual process suggests a tug-of-war between microtubules and actin filaments to position the spindle, similar to animal cells.
A new study reveals that Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act has led to a significant decrease in diabetic foot amputations among racial and ethnic minority adults. The study found that this expansion has resulted in better healthcare outcomes for these underserved populations, reducing rates of diabetes-related major ampu...
A new study reveals that racial discrimination in medical settings can lead to low confidence in the health system and increased vaccine refusal among ethnic minority groups. The research found that nearly one in ten participants who refused a COVID-19 vaccine reported experiencing poorer service due to their race or ethnicity.
SourceSAGE·JournalJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine·TypeObservational study·DateMay 5, 2022
A RAND Corporation study found that strengthened school lunch standards were associated with less weight gain among free or reduced-price lunch participating school children. The findings suggest improving nutritional standards can help reduce the trajectory toward obesity among low-income children.
A recent study reveals that approximately 48% of existing bird species worldwide are undergoing population declines, with only 6% showing increasing trends. The study identifies key threats including natural habitat loss, direct overexploitation and climate change.
A study of 72,000 pediatric encounters found that non-Hispanic Black children were more likely to be readmitted within a year due to diabetic ketoacidosis. Healthcare disparities persist among racial and ethnic groups in pediatric care, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.
A new method for generating polygenic risk scores (PRS) has been developed to predict disease risk across populations, reducing bias and improving accuracy. The PRS-CSx tool integrates data from multiple populations and accounts for genetic similarities and differences between them.
Researchers from Australian National University have discovered how malaria parasites evade treatment by transporting drugs to 'safe zones', which can lead to new and longer-lasting treatments. The discovery could also inform cancer treatment development.
Researchers found that copper-coated surfaces significantly reduced viral load after one hour, while silver-coated surfaces had no effect on infectivity. The team investigated the antiviral properties of various metal-based sacrificial anodes and discovered a clear antiviral effect of copper against Sars-Cov-2.
Researchers have made the first detection of groundwater beneath an Antarctic ice stream, providing new insights into the region's hydrology. The study confirms what scientists had previously suspected but couldn't verify until now, improving our understanding of how the Antarctic ice sheet might affect sea levels.
Researchers have developed graphene-empowered dynamic metasurfaces and metadevices that can actively tune their electromagnetic wave manipulation capabilities. The devices exploit the unique properties of graphene to manipulate visible, terahertz, and microwave frequencies.
A molecular switch, p57, enables stomach stem cells to change allegiance from normal digestion to injury response, potentially leading to new treatments for gastric pathologies. The study's findings suggest that p57 is a key regulator of reserve stem cell state in gastric chief cells.