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Science News Archive November 2022 - Page 35


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Flexible thermochromic fabrics enabling dynamic colored display

Researchers developed flexible thermochromic fibers that can change color and pattern in response to environmental signals. The fibers were used to create a dynamic colored display fabric with QR code, which was successfully recognized, enabling applications in social contact, information security, and wearable human-computer interaction.

SourceHigher Education Press·JournalFrontiers of Optoelectronics·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 3, 2022

Making extreme precipitation projections more reliable using observational constraint

A joint study by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics and the Met Office reduces projection uncertainty in extreme precipitation by 20-40% in mid-to-high latitudes. The emergent relationship between present-day precipitation variability and climate model projections provides a new constraint for more reliable projections.

SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalNature Communications·DateNov 3, 2022

Common path principle improves shape metrology of complex precision optics

A new common path interferometer combining Fizeau and Twyman-Green principles has been developed to measure complex precision optics with improved accuracy. The Tilted Wave Interferometer overcomes reference wave problems, enhancing flexibility and reducing measurement time.

SourceLight Publishing Center, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics And Physics, CAS·JournalLight: Advanced Manufacturing·DateNov 3, 2022
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Alzheimer's or Lewy body dementia? How patients draw can determine the type of dementia

A study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found that analyzing patients' drawing tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) and distinguish it from dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The researchers discovered that DLB patients showed differences in speed-, pressure-, and pause-related features, whereas AD patients sh...

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalJournal of Alzheimer’s Disease·DateNov 3, 2022

IBIS researchers describe the mechanism by which oxygen in the blood is detected

Researchers describe how oxygen levels in the blood are detected using specialized mitochondria in glomus cells. A study on genetically modified mice reveals that a functional electron transport chain is crucial for this process, which has implications for respiratory depression and diseases.

SourceUniversity of Seville·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 3, 2022

Illinois report says native fish overlooked as invaders in U.S. waters

A new review highlights the lack of understanding about non-game native transplant (NGNT) fish in the US, which can have significant impacts on ecosystems. Researchers urge anglers and aquarium hobbyists to take steps to prevent NGNT invasions, such as not releasing bait fish into different watersheds.

SourceUniversity of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences·JournalFisheries·DateNov 3, 2022

Nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 emits high-energy neutrinos

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has identified NGC 1068 as a source of high-energy neutrinos. The newly discovered properties of this source differ from previously known blazars, suggesting multiple populations of sources may contribute to the observed cosmic neutrino background.

SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateNov 3, 2022
Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station

Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station offers research-grade local weather data for networked stations, campuses, and community observatories.

Polarized X-rays reveal shape, orientation of extremely hot matter around black hole

Researchers use polarized X-ray measurements to refine models of black holes swallowing matter. The new data from Cygnus X-1 reveals a pencil-shaped plasma outflow and supports the hypothesis that processes near the black hole launch jets. This insight improves understanding of gravity's effects on space-time around black holes.

SourceWashington University in St. Louis·JournalScience·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 3, 2022

Shining new light on solar cell development

Researchers at Australian National University have developed a new way to boost the performance of silicon photovoltaic cells. By adding passivating contacts, they significantly reduce electrical losses and increase productivity.

SourceAustralian National University·JournalSolar·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 3, 2022

Perturbing the Bernoulli shift map in binary systems

A recent study by Tokyo University of Science researchers provides theoretical foundations for effective parameter tuning in the Bernoulli shift map. They used modular arithmetic to determine optimal parameter values for preserving chaos, with implications for other chaotic maps like the tent and logistic maps.

SourceTokyo University of Science·JournalChaos Solitons & Fractals·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateNov 3, 2022

IceCube neutrinos give us first glimpse into the inner depths of an active galaxy

Researchers have found evidence of high-energy neutrino emission from NGC 1068, an active galaxy in the constellation Cetus. The detection was made at the National Science Foundation-supported IceCube Neutrino Observatory, which reported its first observation of a high-energy astrophysical neutrino source in 2018.

SourceWisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center (WIPAC), University of Wisconsin-Madison·JournalScience·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 3, 2022
Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter is a trusted meter for precise measurements during instrument integration, repairs, and field diagnostics.

Having suffered trauma during childhood triples the risk of suffering a serious mental disorder in adulthood

A recent study analyzing over 93,000 cases reveals a direct link between childhood trauma and the risk of developing a mental disorder in adulthood. The study highlights the importance of treating psychological trauma in patients and investing in prevention programs to reduce the risk of suffering a mental disorder.

SourceIMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)·JournalEuropean Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience·DateNov 3, 2022

AI system to predict patients at higher risk for diabetes complications

Researchers at the University of Houston are developing a clinical decision support system to predict which patients with diabetes are most likely to experience complications. The tool, called Primary Care Forecast, uses deep learning to consider patient health history and social factors such as employment status and education level.

SourceUniversity of Houston·DateNov 3, 2022

A major clinical trial shows how to reduce the risk of stomach bleeding occasionally caused by regular aspirin use

A major clinical trial found that a short course of antibiotics can significantly reduce the risk of stomach bleeding caused by regular aspirin use, potentially improving its safety. The study involved 30,166 patients taking aspirin and showed rapid protection from hospital admissions for ulcer bleeding.

SourceUniversity of Nottingham·JournalThe Lancet·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateNov 3, 2022
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Speaking your mind: patients' speech can reveal type of dementia

A study published in Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring found that analyzing patients' speech can distinguish between different types of dementia. The research team developed a machine learning model using speech features to identify Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia.

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalAlzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring·DateNov 3, 2022

Can your phone tell if a bridge is in good shape?

A new study by MIT researchers shows that mobile phones can collect useful structural integrity data while crossing bridges. The study found that information about bridge vibrations can be extracted from smartphone-collected accelerometer data, and that this method could add years to a road bridge's lifespan. By leveraging crowdsourced...

SourceMassachusetts Institute of Technology·JournalCommunications Engineering·DateNov 3, 2022

A high-fat diet in pregnant monkeys impairs fetal blood stem cells

A high-fat diet in pregnant monkeys alters the transcriptional landscape of fetal blood stem cells, leading to a hyperinflammatory response and suppressed B-cell development. The study's findings suggest that maternal obesity may influence fetal bone marrow and immune system development.

SourceCell Press·JournalStem Cell Reports·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 3, 2022
GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter

GQ GMC-500Plus Geiger Counter logs beta, gamma, and X-ray levels for environmental monitoring, training labs, and safety demonstrations.

Cutting-edge combination shows promise in patients with chemotherapy-resistant urothelial cancer

A combination of pembrolizumab and nanoparticle-bound paclitaxel has shown a high response rate of 50% in patients with platinum-refractory or ineligible urothelial cancers. The treatment has also been associated with improved median duration of response and overall survival time, providing an urgently needed new treatment option.

SourceWolters Kluwer Health·JournalThe Journal of Urology·DateNov 3, 2022

In organizations, group dynamics influence individuals’ likelihood of blowing the whistle on wrongdoing

A new study at Carnegie Mellon University found that group cohesion reduces whistleblowing tendencies within an organization but increases them outside of the group. This challenges prevailing views on whistleblowing and highlights the importance of considering relational dynamics in organizational interventions.

SourceCarnegie Mellon University·JournalOrganization Science·DateNov 3, 2022

How much impact do boycotts and buycotts actually have on brand sales?

A study by Cornell University and Northwestern University found that boycotts have a limited impact on brand sales, while buycotts have a short-lived effect in increasing sales. The researchers analyzed sales data over time and by market, as well as social media activity, to determine the net effect of boycotts and buycotts on sales.

SourceInstitute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences·JournalMarketing Science·TypeObservational study·DateNov 3, 2022

Periods and pregnancy still taboo in women’s football

A new study by Staffordshire University reveals that women's football clubs in Europe are lacking in education on menstrual cycles, hormonal contraception, and pregnancy. The research highlights the need for more female coaches and formalized coach education to address these issues and promote player well-being.

SourceStaffordshire University·JournalSport in Society·DateNov 3, 2022
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

High-throughput computational microscopy imaging

Researchers develop hybrid brightfield-darkfield transport of intensity approach, expanding accessible sample spatial frequencies and achieving 5-fold resolution increase. This method enables precise detection and quantitative analysis of subcellular features in large-scale cell studies.

SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics·DateNov 3, 2022

Study: Schools’ social media posts may be compromising student privacy

A new study found that US schools and school districts have shared an estimated 4.9 million Facebook posts with identifiable images of students, posing a risk to student privacy. The research highlights the need for practical steps to mitigate this risk, including making school pages private and seeking parent consent.

SourceAmerican Educational Research Association·JournalEducational Researcher·DateNov 2, 2022

Protected areas buffer climate change for biodiversity

A new study reveals that protected areas of natural and seminatural vegetation effectively cool the land surface temperature, providing a thermal buffer against climate change. This helps to protect species in the wild from episodes of extreme heat and moderates biotic responses to macroclimate warming.

SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalScience Advances·DateNov 2, 2022

A new look at brain function and psychiatric disorders

The study provides detailed pictures of NMDA receptors, which mediate essential signals between neurons. The findings have significant implications for treating schizophrenia, depression, and other neuropsychiatric conditions.

SourceCold Spring Harbor Laboratory·JournalMolecular Cell·DateNov 2, 2022
Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C)

Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C) provide clear calls and strong noise reduction for interviews, conferences, and noisy field environments.

How magnetism could help explain Earth’s formation

Researchers analyzed fluid dynamics and electrically conducting fluids to conclude the Earth must have been magnetized before or as a result of its formation. This discovery could help narrow down theories on the Earth-Moon system, with implications for future research.

SourceUniversity of Leeds·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 2, 2022

Enhanced observations for better forecasting tropical cyclones over the South China sea

The campaign boosted confidence in forecasting similar events with simultaneous satellite, aircraft, and balloon-based observational data. The results showed positive impacts on track and intensity forecasts of TC Mulan, as well as improved rainfall forecasts along the South China coast.

SourceInstitute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences·DateNov 2, 2022

Yeast fungus with the potential to become global health problem

A strain of yeast called Candida auris is causing persistent and difficult-to-treat infections globally. The fungus has been found in hospitals on multiple continents, with cases registered in Denmark, where it has spread through hospital equipment and patient contact.

SourceUniversity of Southern Denmark·JournalBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes·TypeImaging analysis·DateNov 2, 2022

A new therapeutic strategy to improve treatment of aggressive endometrial cancer

Researchers at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona have developed a new therapeutic strategy to tackle endometrial cancer by inhibiting the MAPK kinase ERK5. This inhibition impairs tumor cell proliferation and survival, potentiating the anticancer activity of chemotherapy.

SourceUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona·JournalCellular and Molecular Life Sciences·TypeNews article·DateNov 2, 2022
Creality K1 Max 3D Printer

Creality K1 Max 3D Printer rapidly prototypes brackets, adapters, and fixtures for instruments and classroom demonstrations at large build volume.

Brain changes in autism are far more sweeping than previously known, UCLA-led study finds

A new UCLA-led study found comprehensive brain-wide changes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, refining scientists' understanding of how the condition progresses. The study analyzed gene expression across 11 cortical regions, revealing strong evidence that RNA changes in the brain are likely the cause of ASD.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences·JournalNature·DateNov 2, 2022

Higher speeds in free-space optical communications in the midinfrared band

Researchers developed high-capacity free-space optical links using unipolar quantum optoelectronic devices, achieving unprecedented data rates of up to 30 Gbit/s at 31-meter distances. The system's performance is resistant to weather conditions and showcases potential for fast, long-range optical links.

SourceSPIE--International Society for Optics and Photonics·JournalAdvanced Photonics·DateNov 2, 2022

Revealed: oldest star clusters in the universe

A team of astronomers used the James Webb Telescope to identify five ancient globular clusters, potentially containing the first and oldest stars in the universe. The clusters were formed close to the Big Bang, offering insights into star formation and galaxy evolution.

SourceUniversity of Toronto·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·TypeObservational study·DateNov 2, 2022

How cells find the right partners

Researchers found that the Eya protein regulates cell contact behavior, allowing for self-organization of epithelial cells with nurse cells. This mechanism enables complex development processes, including egg chamber formation and sperm cell development, in Drosophila.

SourceUniversity of Freiburg·JournalNature Communications·DateNov 2, 2022
DJI Air 3 (RC-N2)

DJI Air 3 (RC-N2) captures 4K mapping passes and environmental surveys with dual cameras, long flight time, and omnidirectional obstacle sensing.

Problem drinking linked to increased risk of suicide and self-harm

A new study by UCL researchers found that problem drinking is associated with a higher risk of suicide and self-harm, particularly among those with 'probable dependence'. The study also identified signs of alcohol negatively impacting people's lives as risk factors.

SourceUniversity College London·JournalBJPsych Open·TypeObservational study·DateNov 2, 2022

The beta cell whisperer gene

A team of scientists has identified a key gene that enables beta cells to communicate with each other, enabling the pancreas to respond to glucose by insulin secretion. The discovery could help create replacement beta cells for diabetes therapy in the future.

SourceMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG)·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 2, 2022

The exceptional case of a person who has survived 12 tumors opens up new avenues for early diagnosis and immunotherapy in cancer, say CNIO researchers

Researchers discover exceptional individual with 12 tumors, shedding light on early detection methods and immune system response. Single-cell analysis technology shows promise in identifying cells with tumor potential before symptoms appear.

SourceCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO)·JournalScience Advances·TypeCase study·DateNov 2, 2022
GoPro HERO13 Black

GoPro HERO13 Black records stabilized 5.3K video for instrument deployments, field notes, and outreach, even in harsh weather and underwater conditions.

Nose swabs may distinguish babies with RSV needing longer intensive care

Researchers used nose swabs from children with RSV in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to examine gene expression. They found that some children had greater damage to nasal cells, correlating to longer PICU stays. This discovery could lead to a diagnostic test to predict which infants will require a longer stay.

SourceAnn & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago·JournalFrontiers in Immunology·DateNov 2, 2022

Flu vaccine lowers risk of stroke

Researchers at the University of Calgary found that vaccination against influenza significantly lowers the risk of stroke among adults. The study analyzed health records of over four million Albertans and showed that the risk of stroke was reduced in all age groups, not just those at high risk.

SourceUniversity of Calgary·JournalThe Lancet Public Health·TypeObservational study·DateNov 2, 2022

Neuroscientific evidence induces study participants to recommend longer sentences for convicted criminals if they think prison is for rehabilitation or public protection, but shorter sentences if prison is considered punishment

Study participants recommend longer sentences for rehabilitation or public protection, but shorter sentences if punishment is the primary focus. The findings highlight the importance of considering the underlying motivations behind incarceration in sentencing decisions.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·DateNov 2, 2022
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

DNA 'nanotransporters' to treat cancer

Researchers have designed DNA-based transporters that can deliver precise concentrations of drugs, potentially improving cancer treatment. These nanotransporters can also be programmed to prolong the effect of a drug and minimize its dosage, reducing side effects.

SourceUniversity of Montreal·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 2, 2022

Information carrying could be improved through hopfions

Scientists demonstrate dynamic scalar optical hopfions, proposing a method to encode and transfer topological information. The discovery may spur interest in exploring novel methods for light-matter interaction and optical manipulation.

SourceLight Publishing Center, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics And Physics, CAS·JournaleLight·DateNov 2, 2022

Many middle-aged adults wary of taking part in studies of dementia prevention drugs

A new study found that only 12% of middle-aged adults are willing to participate in dementia prevention drug trials, citing concerns over the risks involved. The study suggests prioritizing those with a family history or perceived personal risk for dementia and communicating about trial safety could increase participation.

SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalThe Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease·TypeSurvey·DateNov 2, 2022

NIH grant funds HIV research

Researchers at the University of Cincinnati are awarded a $3.5 million NIH grant to examine how alcohol use alone or in combination with fentanyl affects HIV medications, including PrEP medication. The study aims to determine metabolite signatures and pharmacological biomarkers of PrEP in HIV-negative populations.

SourceUniversity of Cincinnati·DateNov 2, 2022
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Daytime sleep enhance fear memories of emotional trauma and anxiety

A study by Ural Federal University found that daytime naps and wakefulness both reinforce the formation of fear memories in response to emotional trauma. This research has significant implications for developing strategies for rehabilitating individuals with anxiety disorders.

SourceUral Federal University·JournalCognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience·DateNov 2, 2022

This simple material could scrub carbon dioxide from power plant smokestacks

A simple material called aluminum formate has been found to be effective in removing carbon dioxide from power plant smokestacks. The material, made from abundant and readily available chemicals, is up to 100 times less expensive than other materials with similar performance.

SourceNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)·JournalScience Advances·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 2, 2022

In the latest human vs. machine match, artificial intelligence wins by a hair

In an experiment pitting human expertise against artificial intelligence, researchers found that the computer program correctly predicted six out of nine proteins capable of self-assembly. This breakthrough suggests machine learning can complement human intuition in biotechnology research.

SourceRutgers University·JournalNature Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 2, 2022