Researchers found that smooth barriers higher than 50cm can be toad-proof through design changes or upgrades during routine maintenance. This method could protect ecosystem services supporting pasture health and prevent millions of offspring from spreading across the landscape.
Researchers developed a smart window that uses electromagnetic Weber beams to eliminate blind zones in in-vehicle communications. The system demonstrates significant improvements in 5G signal power, enabling real-time transmissions of high-fidelity images.
Researchers at DGIST have developed a next-generation optical sensor that can detect the spin information of photons, enabling direct detection of circularly polarized light. The sensor demonstrates high performance and broad spectral range, opening doors for diverse fields like quantum communication and secure optical communication.
Researchers from Zhejiang University found that inhaling citrus essential oils promotes relaxation-related autonomic activity, enhances brain rhythms associated with positive emotions, and reduces stress and tension. The study identified four key mood-enhancing molecules: d-limonene, linalool, α-terpineol, and geranial.
A new brain-computer interface (BCI) has been developed that records brain activity from the lateral ventricle, a cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavity deep within the brain. The BCI showed signal bandwidth comparable to standard electrodes, but with superior long-term stability and a reduced immune response.
Researchers at DGIST elucidated the microscopic mechanism of quantum order loss in 'open quantum environments', a long-standing challenge. They discovered that interactions with the environment govern ultrafast electronic decoherence in solids, resolving the mystery.
Quantum physicists have observed pairs of helium atoms entangled in motion, representing a major advancement on previous experiments using photons. This breakthrough enables new ways to examine the interaction between quantum mechanics and gravity at the universal scale.
This special issue explores the latest research progress in 6G technology development, standard formulation, and engineering practice. Key findings include advancements in AI-driven design, semantic communication systems, and generative artificial intelligence for 6G mobile networks.
Scientists have developed a universal nano-amplifier strategy using plasmonic gold or silver nanocavities to overcome detection barriers in 2D materials. This breakthrough allows for the clear detection of layer-breathing modes in multilayer graphene, hBN, and their heterostructures.
A global clinical trial led by SickKids has found that mavacamten improves blood flow and reduces obstruction in youth with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic heart disease. The study's results offer hope to families avoiding open-heart surgery, setting the stage for precision therapeutics.
Research found that people who spend a higher proportion of their total physical activity doing vigorous activity have substantially lower risks of all eight serious health conditions. The benefits of vigorous activity remained even when the amount of time was modest.
The study found that women with pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection (P-SCAD) have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, including dissections and aneurysms. Women with P-SCAD also experienced less recovery in left ventricular ejection fraction compared to those without P-SCAD.
Patients with atrial fibrillation have a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events, including stroke, heart attack, and cardiac arrest. Serum neurofilament light chain levels can serve as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk in these patients.
Extended low-dose apixaban effectively reduced symptomatic superficial vein thrombosis (SuVT) risk. Patients with enduring risk factors for SuVT benefited from this anticoagulation strategy.
In high-risk patients without known significant atherosclerosis and with diabetes, evolocumab significantly reduced the risk of a first major cardiovascular event. The study found that evolocumab was effective in preventing cardiovascular events in these patient populations.
A clinical trial found that intensive cholesterol-lowering therapy reduced the risk of cardiovascular events by 31% in high-risk patients with diabetes. The treatment, evolocumab, lowered LDL-C levels by approximately 60%, and was well-tolerated.
A post hoc analysis found that tirzepatide was associated with a lower incidence of a broad composite cardiovascular and kidney endpoint. The study compared tirzepatide with dulaglutide in patients with diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.
A post hoc analysis of the Finerenone Trial reveals that sudden death in heart failure was often preceded by modest worsening of symptoms and declining quality of life. The study suggests limited specificity for sudden death among other modes of death, implying a complex trajectory before modes of death.
The EMPEROR-Preserved risk model demonstrated good performance in the FINEARTS-HF trial, showing that baseline risk does not modify the relative treatment effect of finerenone. Finerenone has been shown to have a significant benefit for heart failure patients.
The MOMENTUM study found that 27% of patients with resistant hypertension have hypercortisolism, a condition characterized by elevated cortisol levels. This finding suggests that hypercortisolism may be an underlying cause of resistant hypertension, which impacts nearly 10 million patients in the US.
A new trial found that using a microaxial flow pump before and during cardiac stenting procedures for high-risk heart attack patients with severe heart attacks did not reduce heart damage. The study, published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, also showed increased bleeding complications.
A recent study reveals that confinement can enhance enzyme intrinsic activity through enthalpy effect and entropy effect, promoting improved preorganization of the active site. This effect has been observed in two model systems, BSLA and PETase, suggesting potential universality.
Globally, meningitis resulted in over 259,000 deaths and 2.5 million infections in 2023, according to a comprehensive study. The disease disproportionately affects low-income countries, particularly in Africa, where air pollution, premature birth, and low birthweight are major risk factors for death.
A new study from Tulane University found that women with high predicted cardiovascular risk face nearly double the risk of hip fracture. The association was stronger in women under 65, and higher cardiovascular risk was linked to fractures in weakened bones in major areas.
A new study published in the journal Nutrients found that the traditional WHO body mass index (BMI) classification system misidentifies significant numbers of people as having overweight or obesity. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), researchers showed that more than one-third of those with obesity defined by BMI were actual...
A new study published in mBio describes the unique relationship between diatoms and a newly identified species of marine bacteria. When diatom growth ceases, the bacteria become aggressive, releasing compounds that damage the algae and then feeding on them. In nutrient-rich environments, the bacteria can overcome the diatom's defenses.
Researchers developed a new type of engineered biochar that can deliver oxygen in a controlled and stable way, overcoming limitations of current materials. The phosphate-modified biochar demonstrated strong environmental adaptability, making it suitable for complex natural environments.
A global analysis reveals that microbial communities play a decisive role in determining biochar's carbon storage potential. Biochar increases soil organic carbon by an average of 52.4%, but its effectiveness varies depending on the composition of soil microbial communities and environmental conditions.
A new review highlights biochar's potential to reverse land degradation, improve soil health, and support sustainable agriculture in arid regions. Biochar can increase crop yields, reduce erosion risks, and enhance soil resilience, while also contributing to global carbon sequestration efforts.
Researchers documented new habits and habitats for current Nautilus and Allonautilus species, revealing they live in deeper water than their extinct cousins and scavenge food constantly. A new population of Allonautilus was found off New Britain, thriving due to hunting restrictions inspired by research efforts.
The International Society for Stem Cell Research has named Stem Cell Reports as the official conference journal for the Latest Advances in Stem Cell-Based Disease Modelling and Drug Screening meeting. The journal will focus on high-impact research spanning basic discovery to clinical translation in stem cell science.
A recent study found that temperature fluctuations over time, rather than just extreme temperatures, affect mussel health. Researchers exposed mussels to varying temperature regimens and discovered distinct responses even when average temperatures were the same.
A $2M USDA grant funds research on bird flu's infectivity in the air, with goals of preventing or mitigating future outbreaks. Nonthermal plasma technology has been shown to deactivate airborne virus particles.
A new study by Stanford University reveals that Antarctic sea ice extent grew for decades until 2016, when it declined abruptly due to the release of accumulated ocean heat. The researchers used data from autonomous floats in the global Argo array to analyze the relationship between wind-driven upwelling and sea ice variability.
UT's latest AAAS Fellows are Brad Binder, Jennifer DeBruyn, and Elisabeth Schussler, recognized for their contributions to biochemistry, environmental microbiology, and ecology. Their work addresses pressing issues like plant stress, decomposition, and sustainability.
Researchers identify gut-derived cells as key initiators of autoimmune neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. The study reveals that intestinal epithelial cells upregulate antigen presentation pathways, leading to the expansion of pathogenic Th17 cells that migrate to the CNS.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new method to understand protein motion, which can aid in designing effective drugs and treatments for cancer. By analyzing natural fluctuations in proteins, scientists can predict larger motions and improve drug design.
Researchers at King's College London have developed a new brain organoid system that reduces variability and allows for longer-term recordings of neural activity. The approach enables the simultaneous study of multiple parallel cultures, providing a better understanding of how drugs or gene variants affect neural networks.
The Mount Sinai team developed Biomni-AD, an AI-powered 'co-scientist' that reduces time required to generate scientific insights from complex biomedical data. The platform has already identified robust biological signals and helped prioritize promising drug targets with greater speed and confidence.
Researchers have developed a new system to map gene expression across whole mouse bodies, providing a toolkit for studying molecular and cellular processes. The technique allows for the analysis of inflammation in every cell type and organ tissue, paving the way for a 'virtual mouse' model that could be used for research.
The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center has been awarded a $3 million National Cancer Institute Career Development Award to support early-career oncology researchers focused on improving cancer outcomes for patients from diverse backgrounds. The program, called Advancing Oncology Research C...
Researchers have uncovered evidence of tetrataenite, a hard magnetic mineral, in lunar soil returned from the South Pole-Aitken Basin. The discovery provides fresh insights into the formation and evolution of magnetic anomalies on the Moon's surface.
A team of researchers from Spanish universities has found a remarkably well-preserved 3,500-year-old loom that provides new insights into the textile revolution during the European Bronze Age. The loom's wooden structure and components made from wood and plant fibers have allowed the researchers to accurately determine how it worked.
A new doctoral thesis explores how companies and users collaborate to establish norms and values on social media. Anna Granstedt's findings reveal that ethics on social media is a dynamic process influenced by company communication, user reactions, and platform algorithms.
The University of Gothenburg has secured funding to preserve Lennart Nilsson's archive, containing a life's work that transformed how we understand the human body, science, and photography in society. The archive will be made accessible for research and the public by 2029.
A new study reveals that women excel in aligning confidence with correctness, particularly in fluid intelligence tests. The research challenges long-held assumptions about gender differences, suggesting that efforts should focus on encouraging greater self-awareness and calibrated confidence among men.
The government has introduced new guidelines on screen time for young children, developed in partnership with experts from the University of East London. The guidelines suggest simple swaps to help families build healthy habits from an early age, including limiting screen time to one hour a day for 2- to 5-year-olds.
The study reveals that peri-urban agriculture is key to urban resilience and calls for an urgent shift in planning policies. Agricultural land losses are driven by urban expansion, real estate speculation, and low profitability.
Researchers propose a new framework for jointly optimizing coverage, connectivity, and cost in laser power-beaming networks. The team's terrain-aware approach advances system-level design of laser power-beaming networks for extreme exploration tasks in the Moon's permanently shadowed regions.
A research team from Dresden analyzes risks in human-AI interactions and makes recommendations for manufacturers and regulatory evaluators. The authors identify seven key risks, including increased likelihood of misunderstood outputs, miscalibrated trust, and automation bias.
Researchers developed AI models to analyze conversations between children with cancer and their caregivers, detecting severe symptoms that require extra support. More complex prompting strategies outperformed simpler ones in accurately identifying symptom severity and its impact.
Recent ESA research studies explore supply and demand of bird migration routes, scavenging by mid-sized carnivores, and polar bear adaptation to a thawing Arctic. A new metric compares bird demand with habitat supply to assess stopover sites along migratory routes.
A new study led by University of Iowa Health Care researchers found that TENS reduced movement-evoked pain and fatigue in patients with fibromyalgia, with effects lasting for at least six months. The treatment was also shown to be safe, effective, inexpensive, and readily available.
Researchers from the University of Warsaw and other institutions created optical tornadoes by combining spatially variable birefringence with an optical microcavity. This allows for the creation of miniature light sources with complex structures, potentially enabling simpler and more scalable photonic devices.
Researchers developed a novel Hybrid Optical Diffractive Neural Network (H-ODNN) with variable neuron sizes to overcome fabrication flaws and alignment errors. The architecture matches or surpasses vaccinated networks' performance without re-training, significantly reducing development time and increasing production yields.
Researchers have discovered a tumor biomarker that can predict which gastric cancer patients will benefit from immunotherapy before surgery. The biomarker, tsMHC-II expression, showed strong correlation with treatment response and was easily assessable using standard immunohistochemistry techniques.
Researchers discovered an unusual interfacial layer that promotes higher growth rates by adsorbing carbon dioxide molecules. The study aims to explore larger hydrate structures for technology development and address real-world problems such as CO2 containment and water desalination.
The choice of crystal facet affects the ease of obtaining two-dimensional halide perovskites. The (111) facet offers a more feasible exfoliation route, resulting in direct bandgaps and superior visible-light absorption. This work provides a theoretical roadmap for high-performance Pb-free 2D perovskite devices.
Marie Soulière, Frontiers' Head of Editorial Ethics and Quality Assurance, has been elected as a Trustee of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). She brings expertise in rigorous editorial practices, integrity, and transparency to COPE.
Researchers compared commercial PlanetBasemap data to a public data set from the United States Geological Survey and found that higher-resolution imagery detects more small bodies of water. However, in seasons with high vegetation, public data excels at detecting water hidden beneath forest cover.