Researchers identify argyrin B as a potent therapeutic agent against C. difficile while preserving the gut microbiome. The natural compound specifically targets and kills C. difficile while leaving beneficial microorganisms intact.
A new study finds that AI's environmental cost in healthcare is significant, but the technology can also be used for beneficial purposes. AI-powered digital clinics and improved medical services have tangible benefits for people's lives. Researchers argue that environmental impact should be integrated into AI development.
A study investigated how individual differences in anger management relate to emotion recognition and processing speed, finding distinct patterns in facial expression recognition and masked expression perception. Individual styles of anger expression were also associated with faster recognition of certain emotions.
Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel, honored for their work on photosynthetic oxygen evolution, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The DFG congratulates the winners, highlighting their significant contributions to scientific research.
A new 16-week clinical trial found that a low-fat vegan diet reduced liver fat by a third and improved insulin function in adults with type 2 diabetes. The study, which measured liver fat, muscle fat, visceral fat, and tissue AGE accumulation, showed that healthy eating can reverse underlying mechanisms driving the disease.
A residual-based machine learning validator enhances GNSS positioning in urban canyons and dense vegetation by reducing wrong fixes and improving correct ambiguity fixing rates. The compact MLP classifier achieves accuracy and precision above 90% in real-time use.
A research team found that a methanogen's nitrogenase enzyme forms a large inactive complex when energy or nutrients are limited, preventing nitrogen fixation. This discovery reveals a new strategy for regulating this important biochemical reaction and has huge implications for sustainable agriculture and biotechnology.
A new self-disinfecting cotton fabric has been developed to eliminate bacteria, fungi, and viruses in hospital settings. In laboratory tests, the fabric inactivated Escherichia coli within 60 minutes and Enterococcus faecalis within 20 minutes when exposed to light.
Researchers discovered a rare population of dendritic cells expressing the gene RORC in malignant ascites, a common problem across cancers, which may promote immune tolerance in cancer. This finding has potential implications for developing new therapies for patients with advanced solid tumors.
Quaise Energy has secured up to $25 million in US funding for its superhot geothermal project, aiming to harness the world's underground source of zero-carbon power. The company's Project Obsidian aims to be the world's first commercial superhot geothermal power plant, with the potential to generate over 50 megawatts of electric power ...
A recent study found that fewer than 10% of people with Lynch syndrome take aspirin to prevent colorectal cancer, despite scientific evidence supporting its benefits. The study suggests that lower doses of aspirin may be a more practical and better-tolerated option for these patients.
A new study by Anglia Ruskin University found that AI-related qualifications improve employment prospects for women from underrepresented backgrounds, but the gains are not enough to eliminate inequalities. Women from underrepresented groups are more likely to receive interview invitations when they signal AI-related digital skills.
A UK study finds that major societal events like Brexit and Covid-19 lockdowns have contributed to the country's lasting mental health decline. The research, led by University College London, found that psychological distress has been increasing in the UK since 2009, with young people and those in disadvantaged groups experiencing the ...
Researchers have discovered a method to protect human red blood cells using tardigrade proteins and trehalose, improving preservation rates and biocompatibility. The technique, simpler than current glycerol methods, restored red blood cell counts in anemic mice, showing promise for cryopreservation and blood storage.
Researchers developed a mathematical formula to predict when AI models will switch from safe to dangerous responses. The formula, based on
Researchers propose that the evolution of microbes that break down collagen may explain why some early animals were preserved as fossils, while others were not. This discovery suggests that a biological mechanism has shaped the fossil record of soft tissues across Earth's history.
A new study found that 54.9% of LGBTQ+ adults in Massachusetts experienced food insecurity in 2024, with barriers including embarrassment and stigma. Researchers suggest community-informed solutions, such as grocery gift cards and home delivery, to improve access to food assistance
Researchers developed precision phenotyping to improve risk prediction for sensorineural hearing loss, using a large genetic biobank and audiometric data. This approach offers a more nuanced snapshot of a patient's hearing loss, potentially leading to earlier detection and more effective treatment.
A new study highlights the need for ocean conservation to cover large areas to protect sperm whales from climate change. Suitable habitat is expected to shrink, but 'long-term core habitat' remains important off the Seychelles and Mauritius. Protection must cover extensive areas to allow whales to feed, breed, and migrate.
A major clinical trial found that nicotinamide riboside (NR) provided no clinical benefit in early Parkinson’s disease, with participants experiencing worsening symptoms. The treatment did not slow or accelerate changes in the brain’s dopamine system, and the overall occurrence of adverse events was similar in both groups.
A new long-acting HIV treatment combines lenacapavir and cabotegravir to expand options for people with resistance to commonly used HIV drugs. The study found all participants achieved and maintained control of the virus, paving the way for improved care before clinical trials are completed.
Researchers from Monash University have developed a new type of lithium-alloying electrode that significantly reduces the energy required to produce ammonia, overcoming a fundamental energy limitation of the technology. The breakthrough could help advance the transition to cleaner and more cost-effective production of ammonia.
The review highlights the importance of balancing mechanical support, biological activity and controlled degradation in bone regeneration. Silk fibroin-PLA composite scaffolds have shown improved cell responses, osteogenic activity, mechanical performance and tissue repair in experimental models.
A recent study from the University of Eastern Finland reveals that remote monitoring in healthcare is shaped by healthcare professionals' understanding of their current work and its challenges. Nurses' day-to-day work plays a central role in the pilot phase, with both technological development and human factors influencing the outcome.
A new study assesses the feasibility of using hydrophilic deep eutectic solvents for dissolving pulp production, achieving yields comparable to conventional processes. The economic analysis highlights the importance of solvent recovery, energy demand, and process integration for industrial feasibility.
Researchers at Graz University of Technology found that short-form video platforms use algorithms to maximize user engagement, leading to a 'engagement trap' that undermines executive functions in people with ADHD. The study highlights the need for inclusive design solutions to mitigate the negative effects of these systems.
Emerging technologies such as AI, blockchain, and data analytics are transforming financial institutions and customer experiences. The book examines the opportunities and challenges associated with digital transformation, including fintech regulation, cybersecurity, and financial fraud detection.
The Cambrian explosion's triggers are linked to supercontinent breakup, mantle plume activity, and extreme geomagnetic stress, driving genetic and environmental changes. The multi-sphere driving mechanism coupled these factors to create a habitable environment.
Personalized medicines can improve dose accuracy and accessibility for patients with unique treatment needs, such as children and older adults with changing medication requirements. A new technology, inspired by 3D printing, enables mass production of customized treatments, increasing product quality and consistency.
A new model suggests that climate disinformation can weaken support for carbon taxes, leading to a
Researchers used AI to analyze 70 million cells and identified genes involved in autophagy and the immune system, including STING and GPHR. The study demonstrates the potential of combining AI with scalable image-based genetic screening to advance biological discovery.
A new study found that armed conflict accelerates cropland loss, with areas experiencing high-frequency and severe conflicts losing significant cropland. The study also highlights the importance of monitoring conflict alongside cropland change and integrating humanitarian responses with efforts to restore agricultural infrastructure.
A new system combines living bacteria with synthetic nanoparticles and a cancer drug to target bladder cancer cells. The treatment breaks down collagen in the tumor's matrix, allowing chemotherapy to penetrate and disrupt cancer cells.
A new book series from CRC Press and the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) aims to address crucial questions about AI ethics and its implications in education and beyond. The series, Advances in AI Ethics, will provide actionable guidance on using AI safely and responsibly.
Researchers observed wild African savannah elephants in competitive contexts, recording over 840 individual gesture instances. They found that elephants use intentionally over 40 different gesture types to achieve two main goals, and communicate flexibly by sharing 21 gesture types for both meanings.
Researchers developed EEGEmoLib, an open-source Python toolbox to standardize emotion recognition, allowing for more interpretable and comparable results. The toolbox includes mechanisms to model EEG frequency bands and electrode locations, enabling biologically motivated assumptions to improve performance.
A new study from Lund University found that only 9% of the world's largest companies in sectors with a significant impact on biodiversity use biodiversity indicators. Different indicators can lead to different conclusions, emphasizing the importance of using multiple indicators for accurate decision-making.
Complement C7 linked to fibrosis severity and liver-related events in MASLD, with elevated levels associated with higher risk of clinical outcomes. Hepatic stellate cells identified as source of C7, supporting its potential as non-invasive biomarker for risk stratification.
A new approach targets abnormal signals in the retina linked to night blindness, offering a potential dual benefit of quieting eye movements and increasing visual acuity. Restoring dopamine signaling has been shown to reduce the 'noise' that interferes with visual signals in mouse retinas.
A systematic review of 327 studies from 64 countries highlights the importance of informal food vendors in food security and livelihoods. The review found that definitions of
A nickel-based catalyst converts 99.5% of glucose into lactic acid with a 51.7% yield, showing potential for renewable biomass production. The catalyst remained active in five reuse cycles, with glucose conversion above 97%.
A new commentary proposes expanding gerophysics to include behavioral complexity, which may complement molecular and biological markers of aging. Measuring changes in movement, physiological rhythms, and other behavioral patterns could help identify declining resilience and the transition to frailty. The concept of complexity reserve m...
Researchers have identified five key ways countries can be better prepared for super El Niño, including enhanced collaboration and targeted actions to mitigate health impacts. The study highlights the need to isolate El Niño-related impacts and generate more targeted actions.
A study published in PNAS found that grasslands with maintained diversity will absorb 15% more CO₂ through photosynthesis, while those with reduced diversity will lose up to 50% of their CO₂ uptake. This could threaten the livelihoods of people who depend on livestock grazing.
JMIR Cancer invites original research, viewpoints, and clinical submissions on breast cancer digital health innovations, focusing on patient-centered strategies, technological advancements, and innovative treatments. The call aims to improve screening accuracy, treatment protocols, and survivorship outcomes.
Researchers found that eating olive oil before carbohydrates reduces early blood glucose levels and slows gastric emptying in mice, while also increasing early secretion of glucagon, GIP, and GLP-1. These beneficial effects were retained in mice with type 2 diabetes and severe insulin deficiency.
A new global atmospheric model has achieved unprecedented high resolution, narrowing grid spacing to 220 meters, and eliminating instances of popcornlike rain. This allows for more accurate predictions of extreme local weather from a global model, advancing next-generation climate prediction and weather forecasting.
Chronic respiratory disease burden in the WHO Western Pacific Region has increased, with 22 million incident cases and 155 million prevalent cases reported in 2023. The disease composition was dominated by COPD, with tobacco smoking and air pollution being key modifiable risk factors.
Researchers found a clear climate-driven pattern in Niobium concentrations, indicating higher precipitation and lower temperatures in southern Greenland during positive NAO phases. This relationship has important implications for the future dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
Researchers propose matching sensing frequency to biomarker type and pairing with contextual data like blink patterns and tear flow to separate true biological change from normal fluctuations. The goal is to design sensors that can trust readings over time, moving beyond just counting biomarkers.
NCCN has published regional cancer treatment guidelines for the Philippines, tailored to the local setting and regulatory environment. The guidelines reflect collaborations with global organizations, including the International Gynecologic Cancer Society and the Philippine Society of Medical Oncology, to improve access to high-quality ...
A new expert consensus statement identifies shared medical appointments as an innovative care model that combines individualized medical care with group support. This model has been shown to expand access, foster social support and promote healthy behavior change for patients with chronic diseases.
A study published in the Journal of the Endocrine Society found that people with type 2 diabetes who sleep longer may be at a higher risk of developing or worsening diabetic kidney disease. Longer sleep duration was particularly associated with an increased risk among older adults and those with existing kidney damage.
A new study found that adding safety prompts to AI models can reduce potentially harmful clinical choices by 10.1%, emphasizing the importance of evaluating not only accuracy but also safety in AI decision-making. The researchers propose building automated safety testing into AI system development and evaluation to strengthen safeguards.
Schmidt Global Health aims to improve public health systems by strengthening monitoring, analysis, and response to emerging health threats. The organization works with public health professionals to foster collaboration and coordinate emergency responses.
Researchers found that public health messages acknowledging distrust of government and affirming values like personal liberty increased vaccination intentions. The study supports a communication strategy that aligns with audience values, beyond public health, to improve public discourse and reduce defensive attitudes.
Researchers found a significant association between abdominal fat and lung cancer risk, suggesting that obesity may weaken immune surveillance. Preclinical models also showed that obesity suppresses immune pathways, allowing cancer cells to escape immune detection.
Researchers tested four leading AI-powered search tools and found they accurately identified validated home blood pressure monitors only 63-83% of the time. This suggests AI tools struggle to interpret validation listings on official registries, leading to potential inaccuracies in blood pressure readings.
A new study suggests that a potassium-rich diet, as part of the DASH diet, does not raise blood potassium levels in adults taking common blood pressure medications. This finding is significant, as high levels of potassium in the blood can cause problems with heart function, particularly in people with impaired kidney function.
Solar Orbiter tracked a 'switchback' in the solar wind's magnetic field to its origin at the Sun's surface, revealing more about solar magnetism and its role in solar storms. The discovery confirmed the switchback's S-shaped configuration and pinpointed its formation process, reconciling two competing theories.