A genetic marker already used to flag risk of vancomycin reaction also identifies patients at risk of lamotrigine reaction, but is missing from gene panels. HLA-A*32:01 is associated with a 16.4-fold higher odds of lamotrigine-induced DRESS, but a negative result does not rule out risk.
Researchers mapped the brain cells in the electrosensory lobe of African weakly electric fish, revealing a balance between fast and slow changes to cell connections. This balance allows the fish to filter out electrical interference and continually learn and adapt, shedding light on how biological brains learn throughout life.
Researchers found that GLP-1 treatment improved muscle and cognitive function, and reduced hallmarks of natural aging in older mice. The treatment also extended lifespan by nearly 100 days, suggesting a potential therapeutic route for slowing physiological aging.
Scientists have discovered chimeric mRNAs that produce previously unknown proteins, expanding the human genome and proteome. These proteins may play important roles in various bodily systems and contribute to disease processes, offering new insights into challenging diseases and potential drug targets.
A team from INRS identified three bacterial strains that delay disease symptoms, reduce disease severity, and promote plant growth. The strains may belong to a previously unrecognized lineage, offering new avenues for research into beneficial plant-associated microorganisms.
A Linköping University study of 58,000 people found that level of education is the strongest socio-economic factor linked to survival rates after acute hip surgery. Higher education was associated with lower mortality rates, while lower education was linked to higher mortality rates.
Female Dotterels travel long distances to secure multiple mates, contradicting the traditional view of birds' migrations. They often visit three to five sites, with the most wide-ranging bird covering 1,343 km, before returning to a final site for an extended stay.
Researchers from Shinshu University discovered that pterostilbene, a natural polyphenol, stabilizes PPARδ, enhancing fatty acid oxidation and promoting lipolysis in skeletal muscle cells. This finding has potential implications for developing functional foods and nutritional supplements to target muscle fat metabolism.
A new study from MIT Sloan School of Management identifies the most effective ways businesses can use and benefit from AI personalization. Researchers found that specific pairings of human and AI personalities can significantly improve ad quality and performance, with text quality increasing click-through rates and decreasing costs per...
Insilico Medicine has released state-of-the-art (SOTA) MMAI specialist models for chemistry and biology, achieving superior performance on over 70 benchmark tasks. These models demonstrate the potential of language models to compete with dedicated scientific methods in drug discovery.
The XENON Collaboration detects low-energy solar neutrinos with unprecedented precision, expanding our understanding of neutrino physics and the search for dark matter. The observation demonstrates the power of advanced technologies in rare event physics, enabling new windows into the universe.
A Murdoch University study found that 56% of cooked shark products sold in Western Australian fish and chip shops are labelled ambiguously or incorrectly. DNA testing identified 16 different species, including 11 shark species, highlighting the need for stronger seafood labelling requirements.
The PACMAN AI framework successfully tested in five real-world experiments, making decisions in milliseconds and surpassing human reaction time. The framework combines multiple machine learning models to monitor and control different aspects of the fusion system, enabling real-time control and safety.
Researchers found that administrative support is beneficial for teachers, but high levels of student violence weaken its impact. Supportive leadership is crucial for teacher well-being, but it's not enough to prevent turnover due to classroom violence.
Researchers have identified three beneficial bacteria that not only delay the onset of tomato bacterial canker but also promote plant growth. These microbes, including Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas marginalis, have shown promise in treating the disease and improving plant health.
Researchers at EMBL Barcelona have developed a method to grow self-organising bovine tissues containing muscle, nerve, and blood vessel cells from bovine embryonic stem cells. This breakthrough provides a powerful model for understanding muscle development and tissue engineering, and lays important groundwork for building more complex ...
A new framework jointly optimizes UAV trajectories and FANET topology to maximize data transmission, outperforming existing methods in field experiments and simulations. The approach enables more efficient and reliable multi-UAV missions for environmental monitoring and other applications.
A new study from the University of Colorado Boulder reveals how the brain's defense mechanism can backfire, forming micro-clots that damage tissue after the original clot is gone. This phenomenon, known as no reflow, affects up to 50% of stroke patients and can lead to long-term disability or death.
Researchers at University of California San Diego have demonstrated that one of biology's most essential enzymes can accurately read and transcribe an expanded, eight-letter genetic alphabet. This breakthrough advances synthetic biology and could allow scientists to create new biological systems and diagnostic tools.
Research suggests that mental health conditions, including PTSD, substance abuse, and depression, can increase the risk of future cardiovascular risks such as heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular death. Alcohol abuse was found to be the top psychiatric predictor of serious heart and brain conditions for both men and women.
Experts warn that common narratives about polarisation are overgeneralised and often based on evidence from the US alone. The study calls for a global literature on political polarisation to be a fundamental goal, emphasizing the need for country-dependent solutions to address the growing polarisation challenges of social media and AI.
A new additive, 2-aminobenzothiazole, enhances the efficiency and longevity of tin perovskite solar cells by regulating crystallization, reducing trap formation, and inhibiting tin oxidation. This study shows a substantial increase in solar cell performance and improved device stability.
A research team from Chiba University developed a flexible bio-based plastic that can be chemically converted into fertilizer after use, improving environmental sustainability. The plasticizer improves the flexibility of the plastic, increasing its potential for future applications.
Researchers have developed a human engineered heart tissue model of diastolic heart failure, enabling treatment testing with SGLT2 inhibitors, which partially prevented disease development. The model demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2i, improving ion exchanger function and preventing accumulation of ions in tissues.
Researchers developed a low-cost touch interface that recognizes finger movements and users, using a single-electrode design and triboelectric effects. The interface can be created by printing patterns onto a PVC sheet with a laser printer and can recognize complex inputs, including alphabet characters and user authentication.
A real-world observational study found no significant survival benefit from post-surgery immunotherapy in NSCLC patients with pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. The study suggests that these patients may already derive the maximum benefit from neoadjuvant therapy alone.
A new species of leafless flowering plant, Thismia daemona, has been discovered in Thong Pha Phum National Park in western Thailand. The species, which belongs to the genus Thismia, is critically endangered due to its limited population size and fragile habitat.
A new study shows that administering cell immunotherapy before surgery to remove a brain tumour is significantly more effective than administering it afterwards. CAR-T cells were able to neutralize tumor cells and immune suppression, leading to unprecedented durable tumour control.
Researchers found that aerobic exercise alters regional brain activity patterns during cognitive tasks, while task repetition influences efficiency. In older adults, a positive correlation was observed between decline in brain activity and task performance, suggesting linked changes in task processing.
A scoping review found that only 77 studies validating 52 medical AI products reported demographic data, highlighting the need for more transparent reporting to confirm safe and unbiased performance. The review also showed that performance reporting for demographic subgroups is inadequate, posing a risk to patient care and outcomes.
Research in Germany found that birdsongs with narrower bandwidths and greater complexity are perceived as more pleasant, with blackbirds' songs considered most attractive. Pleasantness is also influenced by personal taste, but not by knowledge of birds.
A scoping review highlights the inconsistencies in documenting menopause symptoms and status in EHR systems, leading to gaps in quality clinical treatment, research, and positive health outcomes for midlife women. Standardized menopause data elements are crucial to advancing menopause care.
A nationwide study of over 100,000 children found certain fertility treatments, including ovulation induction, IUI, and IVF, are associated with an increased risk of Kawasaki disease before age 5. The study's findings highlight the need for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying Kawasaki disease.
A new study found that the presence of peregrine falcons in the Bay Area dropped by 65% after an outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza. The decline is synchronous with the outbreak, which has affected millions of birds globally.
Researchers have discovered a new microbe, Caledochytrium aldermaii, that reproduces by growing new cells inside its own body before bursting open to release them. This unique reproductive strategy has the potential to improve the production of omega-3 oils and natural food colours, which are used in food supplements, infant formula, a...
A new platform using liquid-crystal Poincaré-sphere-connected diffractive neural networks enables large-scale photonic in-memory computing with minimal data-movement overheads and ultralow static power. It achieves a 100,000-fold improvement in memory capacity over state-of-the-art platforms.
A new LiDAR system enables simultaneous 3D imaging and multi-parameter sensing for electric vehicle safety. The system accurately measures temperature, gas concentrations, and liquid density, and has potential applications in new energy vehicles and spacecraft.
Researchers have developed a low-iridium heterostructured electrocatalyst that achieves high activity and long-term durability for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. The catalyst reduces expensive iridium loading while improving oxygen evolution reaction kinetics.
Advanced solid oxide electrolysis cells achieve up to 80% ethane conversion with 85% ethylene selectivity, overcoming traditional trade-offs in alkane upgrading. This technology enables a low-carbon and flexible pathway for sustainable chemical manufacturing.
A new web-based tool, Cog-Free, estimates dementia risk using routine health examination data without cognitive tests. The tool, validated in a prospective cohort study, achieved high accuracy and clinical utility, with variables such as education, grip strength, and age contributing to risk assessment.
Researchers developed a thickness-gradient electrolyte to homogenize current distribution in solid oxide fuel cells, reducing current density deviation by up to 80% and improving durability. The electrolyte's layered structure boosts electrochemical reaction rates while suppressing excessive local current.
Researchers at Barrow Neurological Institute discovered a link between wildfire smoke and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Wildfire smoke particles activate astrocytes, leading to inflammation and damage to nearby brain cells.
Researchers found that musicians can predict what happens next in movement sequences faster than non-musicians. Visual distractions can disrupt new motor memories, affecting practice sessions and skill learning, the study suggests. The findings have implications for rehabilitation, sports training, and music education.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new method for creating efficient micromixers inside polymer fibers, enabling rapid mixing of minute amounts of liquid. The twisted microchannels fabricated using this method promote mixing even at low Reynolds numbers, making it suitable for various applications.
Rice University bioengineer Michael King joins the Texas Cancer Institute's AI advisory panel to explore AI's potential in cancer research and prevention. The panel aims to ensure responsible and ethical use of AI in biomedical research, with King's expertise in cancer bioengineering playing a key role.
Researchers propose that fireside storytelling was critical to the evolution of sophisticated language, allowing humans to extend social time and create a deep sense of social connection. The unique properties of firelight, including its flickering and infra-red emission, may have played a key role in this process.
Researchers analyzed infrasound signals from the Blue Origin explosion to confirm the time and location of the event and estimate its yield. The study demonstrates the potential of infrasound analysis in monitoring launch anomalies and provides valuable information on liquid methane rocket fuel.
Researchers found that fish in cloudy water take longer to find food, but individuals in larger groups respond more quickly overall. Sticklebacks change their shoaling behavior to compensate, becoming more coordinated and finding food faster.
A new Cochrane review of 8 randomized controlled trials involving over 500 adults found little to no benefit from widely-used back braces in managing chronic low back pain. The research suggested that the use of lumbar supports may be more common in lower-income countries where active treatment alternatives are less accessible.
Increasing temperature weakens spin-orbit coupling in topological insulators like Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, and Sb2Te3, driving a transition to normal insulating state. This phenomenon suggests that temperature could serve as a new knob for controlling materials' electronic properties.
A KAIST-developed micro-LED mask boosts skin rejuvenation and brightening through close skin contact, while PN injections provide synergistic benefits for skin regeneration and recovery. The mask achieves 340% greater improvement in deep skin elasticity than conventional LED masks.
University of Connecticut researchers found that Rett syndrome symptoms are caused by a lack of dopamine in the carotid body, leading to unstable breathing. This discovery may lead to new treatments for Rett syndrome and other diseases involving dopamine imbalance.
A study found that SGLT2 inhibitors increase the risk of ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes who have high blood glucose, low body weight, or a history of ketoacidosis. The risk persists throughout treatment duration, highlighting the need for better support for high-risk patients.
Researchers directly detected faint radio signal from hydrogen gas billions of light years away, allowing for efficient mapping of the Universe's large-scale structure. The signal was detected using MeerKAT radio telescope and demonstrates the potential of a technique known as hydrogen intensity mapping.
Researchers found that tracking population movements using mobile location data can significantly cut emissions without expensive infrastructure upgrades. The study developed a new metric to measure treatment-inflow alignment, revealing that population dynamics can inform operational strategies to reduce emissions.
AdaptiveFlow, an AI-informed platform, can virtually screen billions of drug-like molecules with a 1,000-fold reduction in computational costs. The platform identified potent inhibitors for existing and emerging cancer targets, showcasing its potential as a powerful tool for modern drug discovery.
A new study suggests that cannabis ads may shape viewers' expectations about cannabis and sex, with potential implications for sexual decision making and consent. College students who interpreted ads as suggesting cannabis use were more likely to expect benefits and say they might use cannabis before sex, regardless of the ad's content.
The Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) plays a crucial role in advancing conceptually novel research that reshapes scientific fields and feeds innovation systems globally. HFSP-funded work is prominently represented by conceptually novel research, often high-risk and built on new ideas.
The New Farmers of America (NFA) organization taught tens of thousands of rural Black boys about farming and helped them develop leadership skills. The book reveals how the NFA transformed rural Black life and legacy, and its story serves as a model for promoting Black youth interest in agriculture.
The SETI Institute and ETH Zurich have agreed on a strategic partnership to investigate the origin and prevalence of life in the universe. A new assistant professorship at ETH Zurich will focus on biosignatures, habitability, and the co-evolution of life and the environment.