A study using CT-based imaging identified bone disease in a T. rex jaw, characterized by thickening and a mass with high fluorine content, supporting the diagnosis of tumefactive osteomyelitis. This non-invasive approach could revolutionize paleontology, allowing for the characterization of unique fossils without destruction.
Researchers discovered new species and genera related to the genus Ctenopharyngodon, revealing that grass carp originated during the Oligocene in western China. The fossil record shows a transformation from carnivorous ancestors to herbivores as the environment changed.
A new species of human ancestor, Homo bodoensis, has been named by an international team of researchers, providing clarity to the poorly understood Middle Pleistocene period in human evolution. The new classification resolves long-standing terminology issues and recognizes a direct human ancestor.
A genomic study of the Tarim Basin mummies in western China found that they were direct descendants of a once widespread Pleistocene population known as Ancient North Eurasians. The mummies show no evidence of admixture with other Holocene groups, forming a previously unknown genetic isolate.
Researchers define the Silurian-Devonian boundary in East Yunnan using geochemical indicators, resolving debates on the interval. The study provides a feasible method to calibrate minimum and maximum ages for coelacanth-rhipidistian and lungfish-tetrapod splits.
Researchers reconstructed A. canadensis in 3D and analyzed its front appendages, determining they could be used for grabbing prey. The study also explored the limits of strength and motion, suggesting the animal may have hunted armored trilobites.
A new study suggests that tree-dwelling mammals, including primates and their ancestors, survived the asteroid strike that devastated Earth's forests 66 million years ago. The research found that ground-dwelling mammals had a selective advantage over arboreal counterparts, but some tree-dwellers managed to survive.
Researchers have identified two new species of venomous snakes, the Nujiang pit viper and the Glacier pit viper, found in the high-altitude regions of southwest China. The discovery suggests that glaciers may play a key role in isolating and speciating alpine pit vipers.
Ancient DNA research has revealed multiple waves of introgression between archaic humans and modern humans, as well as genetic continuity with present-day populations. Genetic data support an origin of early modern humans in Africa, while Eurasian populations show several early human lineages.
A team of scientists has isolated exquisitely preserved cartilage cells from a 125-million-year-old dinosaur, revealing nuclei with remnants of organic molecules and chromatin. This discovery provides preliminary data suggesting that original dinosaur DNA may still be preserved, challenging traditional fossilization theories.
A team of researchers has discovered a new species of giant penguin, named Kairuku waewaeroa, in the North Island of New Zealand. The fossil, estimated to be between 27.3 and 34.6 million years old, was found by school children on a fossil hunting field trip in 2006.
A new species of enantiornithine with a pintail has provided insights into the importance of sexual selection in early avian evolution. The discovery highlights the diversity of tail plumages evolved by this clade and challenges previous hypotheses about aerodynamic costs.
Researchers from Harvard University find that the earliest tetrapods acquired new adaptive traits at fast rates of anatomical evolution, but species diversification was slow initially. The study suggests a decoupling between evolutionary rates and species diversity, with a delay in colonization of land and diversification into new niches.
A new study reveals that bacterial evolution can occur in ancient sub-seafloor sediments with low nutrient availability. The genomes of bacteria isolated from these sediments show a high proportion of pseudogenes and reduced genetic recombination, leading to the accumulation of deleterious mutations.
A joint Sino-Brazilian research team has reported new dinosaur fossils from the Early Cretaceous Hami Pterosaur Fauna, including two giant sauropod species. The findings, published in Scientific Reports, provide significant insights into Chinese sauropods and the ecological diversity of the region.
Researchers used 3D printing and water tank experiments to study ancient cephalopod movement. They found that straight-shelled orthocones likely lived a vertical life, jetting up and down to catch food and evade predators.
Alvarezsaur dinosaurs reduced in size from turkey-sized to chicken-sized around 95 million years ago when they transitioned to an ant-based diet. Their bodies also underwent significant changes, including modified claws and a shift from flesh-eating to termite consumption.
Researchers have identified two new palaeotheriidae mammals, 'Leptolophus cuestai' and 'Leptolophus franzeni', from the Eocene epoch in Spain. These ancient animals had atypical dental features and were smaller than modern horses.
A newly discovered human species named Homo longi, or "Dragon Man", is redefining the history of human evolution. With a brain size comparable to modern humans and primitive features, the Harbin cranium suggests that Homo longi may have interacted with Homo sapiens in Asia.
A joint research team led by Prof. FU Qiaomei has sequenced the ancient genomes of 31 individuals from southern East Asia, unveiling a missing piece of human prehistory. The study reveals three genetically distinct ancestries in southern East Asia and Southeast Asia: Fujian ancestry, Hòabìnhian ancestry, and Guangxi ancestry.
A 120-million-year-old fossil of a tiny bird found in China shares structural and functional features with the massive Tyrannosaurus rex. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of birds from dinosaurian ancestors.
A new species of Paraceratherium has been discovered in China, shedding light on the dispersal of giant rhinos across Asia. The study found that the giant rhino could disperse freely from the Mongolian Plateau to South Asia along the eastern coast of the Tethys Ocean and perhaps through Tibet.
A new study identifies a separate species of tree hyrax, Dendrohyrax interfluvialis, which inhabits the wet and dry forests between the Volta and Niger rivers in West Africa. The species is characterized by distinct barks, anatomical differences, and genetic distinctness from other hyrax lineages.
New equations based on tooth width provide a more accurate estimate of megalodon's size, measuring up to 65 feet long. The revised estimate is the result of a high school lesson gone wrong and collaboration between researchers and teachers.
A reevaluation of the Edaphodon eyrensis fossil tooth plate has led to a revised classification as Ptyktoptychion eyrensis. The discovery was made possible by Evgeny Popov's study of the fossil in various Australian locations.
Researchers analyzed ancient DNA from 25 humans, revealing that the population dynamics between 40,000-9.5 ka were influenced by Ice Age climatic fluctuations. The study provides evidence for an Asian-specific variant associated with anthropogenic traits.
Fossil seed-bearing structures from China's Early Cretaceous period show a recurved cupule with two seeds, suggesting a link to extinct non-angiosperm plants. The discovery supports an earlier idea about the origin of flowering plants' distinctive outer seed covering.
Newly discovered fish fossils from an eastern Egyptian desert site show that marine fishes thrived in at least some tropical areas during the PETM. The study provides a snapshot of an ecosystem during an extreme warming event and may provide insights for the future.
A new study on the 25 million-year-old fossil skull of Aetiocetus weltoni reveals that it had both teeth and baleen in adulthood. The discovery provides evidence of a major shift in feeding behavior from raptorial carnivory to filter-feeding, and sheds light on the evolution of modern baleen whales.
Researchers at the University of Washington successfully analyzed Micropholis stowi fossils excavated during a 2017-2018 collection trip to Antarctica. The findings reveal that this salamander-sized amphibian was more widespread than previously recognized, with evidence suggesting it could have adapted to various environments.
A study of 43,000 reptile bone remains found that European colonization led to mass extinctions of 50-70% of snakes and lizards on the Guadeloupe Islands. The Indigenous populations had no impact on local reptile diversity.
Researchers analyzed inner ear anatomy in extinct and living species to understand dinosaur sensory biology and behavior. The studies found clear patterns relating the shape of the semi-circular canal and cochlea to movement ability and hearing high-frequency sound.
A new species of pelomedusoid turtle, Sahonachelys mailakavava, is described from a nearly complete fossil in Madagascar. The turtle has an unusually flattened skull and enlarged tongue bones adapted for suction feeding, suggesting it fed on small-bodied prey like insect larvae and tadpoles.
Researchers found that juvenile tyrannosaurs were slimmer and relatively faster for their body size compared to their massive parents. The study suggests that as these animals grew older, their feet became more bulky, aligning with previous findings on growth patterns.
Scientists have found that the Earth's largest mass extinction event took place on land, occurring over a period of millions of years. Researchers analyzed fossil data from four-legged animals in what is now South Africa and discovered that life on land underwent a longer period of extinctions compared to the oceans.
The study uses Monte Carlo computer simulation to determine the population numbers of T. rexes, with a standing population size of 20,000 adults at any given time. The total number of individuals that existed over its lifetime could have been anywhere from 140 million to 42 billion.
Researchers found two new species, Fossiomanus sinensis and Jueconodon cheni, with characteristics of scratch diggers in the Jehol Biota ecosystem. The animals independently evolved traits to support their digging lifestyle, including shorter limbs and strong forelimbs.
Two new species of 120-million-year-old, burrowing mammals are discovered in northeastern China with distinct characteristics. They share specialized digging features and an elongated vertebral column, shedding light on the evolution of fossorial life.
A new venomous snake species, Suzhen's krait, has been discovered in Southwestern China and Northern Myanmar. The snake is named after the mythical figure Bai Su Zhen from traditional Chinese mythology.
A new study has found evidence of sophisticated breathing organs in 450-million-year-old trilobites, revealing they breathed oxygen and had structures resembling gills on their thighs. This discovery helps piece together early animal evolution and situates trilobites between older arthropods and crustaceans.
A new species of dinosaur, Llkalkan aliocranianus, was discovered with extreme powerful bites, very sharp teeth, and huge claws. Its unique skull structure suggests it may have had a better sense of hearing than other abelisaurids.
Researchers from the University of Bonn have developed a new method to identify and separate individual dinosaur fossils by analyzing bone tissue. By examining the growth patterns, vascularization, and annual rings in fossilized bones, scientists can now determine whether a particular bone belongs to a specific animal or skeleton.
Researchers discovered that Neandertals possessed the ability to perceive and produce human speech, with similar auditory capacities as modern humans. The study found that Neandertal ear structures were 'tuned' to hear frequencies within the range of modern human speech sounds.
A team of researchers, including Graduate Center professor Stephen Chester, analyzed fossils of Purgatorius, the oldest genus in a group of early-known primates. The discovery provides insight into how life on land recovered after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event that wiped out dinosaurs.
The study documents the discovery of Purgatorius fossils, which are estimated to be 65.9 million years old, providing insight into primates' evolution and diversification after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. The findings suggest that primates likely emerged by the Late Cretaceous period and lived alongside large dinosaurs.
A study reveals three distinct periods of rapid species diversification in birds, linked to key adaptations for flight and diet. These events are influenced by long-term climate changes and the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event.
Researchers found quartz crystals in the stomach of a 120-million-year-old bird, complicating its dietary mystery. The discovery challenges current understanding of enantiornithine birds' digestive systems and highlights the complexity of their ancient ecosystems.
Researchers studied the brain and inner ear cavity of Brindabellaspis stensioi, discovering an ancient placoderm with features resembling modern jawed vertebrates. The fossil challenges existing theories on platyoderm relationships and sheds light on the evolution of jawed vertebrates.
A new study by Queen Mary University of London and the University of Maryland challenges the idea that Spinosaurus was an active aquatic predator. Instead, researchers suggest it likely fed from the shoreline, snatching fish like a heron or stork, while also taking small prey on land or in water.
The study explores inner ear morphology to understand hominid evolution and relationships among apes, monkeys, and humans. Volumetric proportions of semicircular canals in extinct apes resemble those of extant great apes and humans.
A 42-million-year-old partial skull discovered in West Texas sheds new light on the evolutionary history of caimans and their relationship with alligators. The fossil's braincase features suggest that it belonged to a caiman, contradicting earlier assumptions.
Paleontologists reconstructed the chewing motion of a 150-million-year-old early mammal, revealing teeth that worked extremely precisely and efficiently. This unique dentition made it easy for the animal to cut flesh, but also may have limited its ability to adapt to changing food conditions.
Researchers discovered a nearly complete skeleton of Adalatherium, a giant mammal that defies explanation due to its unusual trunk vertebrae and limbs. The creature's front legs were adapted for sprinting, while its hind legs resembled those of crocodiles.
A well-preserved specimen of a new ichthyosaur species, Thalassodraco etchesi, has been identified from the Late Jurassic period in England. The creature may have been capable of diving very deeply due to its deep rib cage and large eyes.
Fossil discovery provides insights into ancient Tibetan biota and land surface height in the middle Eocene. The study reveals a diverse and humid subtropical forest ecosystem at an elevation of 1,500 meters under a monsoonal climate.
Researchers used high-resolution fossil data to analyze the humerus bone of early tetrapods, finding that they had adaptations indicating some ability to move on land. The study suggests that terrestrial ability coincided with the origin of limbs, providing new insights into the water-to-land transition in vertebrate evolution.
Researchers analyzed 40 3D fossil humeri to understand functional evolution of locomotion in early tetrapods. They found that the emergence of limbs coincided with a transition onto land, but early tetrapods weren't very good at moving on it.
Researchers uncover fossil specimens of ancient walruses in Orange County, revealing five distinct species, including two new species without tusks. The study provides insights into the dental and tusk evolution of walruses, suggesting that feeding ecology played a key role in the origin and early evolution of tusks.
A landmark study published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology describes a fossil family that illuminates the origin of perissodactyls, including horses, rhinos, and tapirs. The research provides insights into the evolutionary history of these mammals, suggesting they evolved in isolation in or near present-day India.
A new study reveals that mammals developed social behavior much earlier than previously thought, interacting with dinosaurs in tightly packed clusters. The fossils, which are about 75.5 million years old, show evidence of multiple mature adults and subadults congregating, indicating a complex social structure.