A new study reveals a close link between proteins causing Alzheimer's disease and age-related sight loss, with findings showing toxic molecules accumulate in retina cells. The research also suggests that anti-amyloid beta drugs may be repurposed to treat age-related macular degeneration.
Artificial intelligence has already shown promise in pathology, including image classification and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Future developments aim to further enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes through augmented intelligence. The authors emphasize the need for careful validation, performance monitoring, ...
A study published in EMBO Molecular Medicine reveals that alterations in lamin B1 protein contribute to neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease. The researchers used innovative techniques like FANSI and ChIP-sequencing to analyze the impact of lamin B1 levels on gene transcription.
A European consortium aims to create a platform for sharing pathology data to develop artificial intelligence tools, accelerating disease diagnosis and treatment. The BIGPICTURE project collects 3 million digital slides from humans and laboratory animals to support AI development in pathology.
A new study published in The American Journal of Pathology reports that neutralizing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can prevent rejection and tissue injury after cell transplantation, improving graft survival and regenerative medicine outcomes. TNF is identified as a master switch for orchestrating cytokines and inflammatory signals.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet identified two alternative pathways for amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease, revealing genetic explanations for method discrepancies. The study provides unique biological information for earlier and more individualized diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers found that the rate of myocarditis caused by COVID-19 is between 1.4% and 7.2%, significantly lower than previously reported rates. This finding should inform clinical colleagues about interpreting blood tests and heart radiology studies.
Researchers analyzed 1,347 nephrectomy specimens to understand kidney histopathological findings. They found that more scarring in glomerulus, tubules/interstitium, and vessels is associated with worse kidney function.
Researchers discovered a novel brain mechanism that links anxiety and depression, showing unique cellular mechanisms activate as one pathology progresses into another. The 'switch' involves astrocytes and cytoskeletal mechanisms, which may be targeted for new classes of psychotropic drugs.
MarrowQuant, a new digital pathology software, can quantify bone marrow components in histological images without bias. The tool builds maps based on values to complement images, potentially re-examining historical sample collections and old clinical trials.
Researchers found a connection between contact sports participation and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) leading to sleep dysfunction. The study revealed that tau pathology in brainstem nuclei is more strongly associated with sleep symptoms than Lewy body pathology, suggesting a new link between CTE and REM sleep behavior disorder.
Drs. Dennis Lo, Karen Mann and Ronald Przygodzki are recognized for their pioneering work in non-invasive prenatal testing and cancer detection using circulating nucleic acids. Their innovations have created a paradigm in prenatal medicine and advanced the field of molecular diagnostics.
A study using iPSC technology reveals astrocytes' role in PD pathology, including altered alpha-synuclein production and disrupted calcium homeostasis. The findings suggest LRRK2 and GBA mutant astrocytes contribute to PD progression.
A meta-analysis of NHP studies reveals that AAV gene therapy often causes DRG pathology with no clinical effects, prompting preclinical safety evaluations before clinical trials. The study's findings have the potential to streamline the development process for new vectors.
A preliminary analysis of 300+ COVID-19 patients treated with convalescent plasma suggests the treatment is safe and effective. The results show that patients who received plasma early in their illness had a lower mortality rate compared to those who did not.
A new study proves that the McKee CTE staging scheme accurately represents the progression of tau pathology in CTE, correlating with clinical dementia and age at death. Researchers found five brain regions with increasing p-tau pathology that conform to CTE stage, age, and years of football play.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have identified a novel protein pathway in several human neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease. Abnormal expression of SAFB1 was found to be associated with spinocerebellar ataxias and polyglutamine expansion, offering new potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
Researchers at Lund University have developed a 3D model of human hippocampal tissue from induced pluripotent stem cells, allowing for the study of early cellular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The study found that patient-specific pathology differs between individuals with extreme symptomatology.
A recent study by the University of Kentucky's Sanders-Brown Center on Aging has identified a previously under-recognized form of dementia, quadruple misfolded proteins (QMP), linked to TDP-43 proteinopathy. The study found that about 20% of participants with dementia had QMP, resulting in the most severe dementia cases.
A new study in The American Journal of Pathology reports that gene expression analysis of lung explant tissue can accurately differentiate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) from pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). This molecular approach promises to facilitate clinical diagnostics and develop novel target-specific intervention...
Researchers paired hyperspectral sensors with machine learning and molecular assays to differentiate between late blight clonal lineages. They found that accuracy increased at early stages of infection before symptoms appeared, suggesting a link to pre-symptomatic effector expression differences.
Researchers at the University of Bern have discovered how Clostridium perfringens causes fatal intestinal bleeding in piglets. The toxin attaches to CD31, a key molecule on endothelial cells, leading to cell death and damage to blood vessels.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Pathology found that convalescent plasma therapy is a safe treatment option for patients with severe COVID-19 disease. The therapy showed significant improvement in 76% of patients, with no adverse side effects caused by the plasma transfusion.
Extracellular vesicles play a key role in the pathology of malaria vivax by promoting parasite adhesion to human spleen fibroblasts. The study found that EVs induce the expression of ICAM-1 on fibroblast surfaces, serving as an anchor for parasite-infected red blood cell adherence.
A new framework for assessing and managing serious spinal pathologies has been developed by the International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT). The framework provides a clinical-reasoning pathway to recognize red flags in spinal injuries and disease, enabling early identification and management.
A groundbreaking study published in iScience has created a detailed 3D map of the intracardiac nervous system (ICN), the 'little brain' of the heart. The researchers used novel imaging techniques to reveal previously unknown complexity and diversity of molecular identities among neurons.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has released consensus recommendations to aid in the design, validation and interpretation of clinical genotyping tests for predicting warfarin response. The guidelines define a minimum set of pharmacogenetic alleles for inclusion in clinical warfarin sensitivity genotyping tests.
A study has described the pathology of SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19, for the first time in its early phase. The research reveals edema, proteinaceous exudate, and inflammatory cellular infiltration in patients with COVID-19 pneumonina.
A recent animal study found that adding L-serine to the diet of vervets exposed to cyanotoxin BMAA significantly reduced signs of ALS-like pathology. The study provides a promising model for understanding ALS development and potential treatments.
Researchers at ORNL developed a multitask convolutional neural network to extract key information from cancer pathology reports. The AI tool can complete multiple tasks simultaneously, reducing processing time by an average of five times compared to single-task models.
Researchers developed a hybrid microscope that combines optical and infrared measurements with machine learning algorithms to create digital biopsies. The hybrid microscope closely correlates with traditional pathology techniques and outperforms state-of-the-art infrared microscopes in terms of resolution, consistency, and coverage.
The Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging at Johns Hopkins University aims to develop innovative solutions for cancer immunotherapy. The center will utilize a combination of tools from astronomy image analysis, pathology, computer science, cancer genomics, and immunogenomics.
A recent study published in Nature Communications used AI to analyze pathology images from human cancer patients and identified new features relevant to cancer prognosis. The AI's predictions were found to be more accurate than those made by human pathologists, with a higher accuracy rate when combined with human-established criteria.
Researchers found that standard pathology tests provide better information on likely outcome and best treatment options for patients with bladder cancer than molecular subtyping techniques. The study suggests that more study is needed before molecular subtypes are used to guide patient care.
A new AI algorithm, ConvPath, uses artificial intelligence to classify cell types and quantify spatial distributions in tumor tissue. This allows pathologists to obtain accurate cancer cell analysis in a faster way.
Diascopic LLC is developing an AI-powered diagnostic platform for detecting tuberculosis (TB) using digital pathology tools. The platform has shown promising results in five African clinical locations, securing $225,000 in Small Business Innovation Research funding from the National Institute of Health.
Researchers found that inflammatory processes triggered by the NLRP3 inflammasome play a key role in emerging tau pathology, a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The study suggests that modulating the immune response could be a promising approach for treating these conditions.
A recent study by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has made significant strides in understanding the role of proteins called TDP-43 in ALS. The researchers found that TDP-43 aggregates in nerve cells can cause a toxic effect, leading to paralysis. This discovery opens up new avenues for developing effective treatments and therapies.
A study of 526 older adults found that hospitalizations accelerated cognitive decline, especially for those with more brain pathology. The research suggests that having Alzheimer's-related changes in the brain is bad enough, but being hospitalized adds insult to injury.
Research reveals a connection between Alzheimer's disease and metabolic disturbances, including glucose resistance and abnormal sleep patterns. Introducing ApoE2 into cells expressing ApoE4 may reduce metabolic deficiencies, supporting cellular functions and energy metabolism in the brain.
A team of researchers has reevaluated a 430,000-year-old cranium, previously thought to be deaf, and found that the individual had normal hearing. The study used CT scans and virtual 3D models to analyze ear structures, revealing that the extra bony growths did not impact hearing abilities.
Research investigates how diet and excess blood glucose influence Alzheimer's pathology, providing new insights into the link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to develop therapies targeting glucose pathways, offering potential treatments for this debilitating condition.
A new study reveals that a protein called caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is depleted in the temporal lobe of humans with type-2 diabetes and in a diabetic mouse model, leading to increased Alzheimer's disease pathology. Restoring Cav-1 levels in mice reduced Alzheimer's pathology and improved learning and memory deficits.
The team aims to understand how genetics contributes to driving aggressive pathology in prostate cancer by combining pathology, computational modeling, and genomics. They plan to identify therapeutic options by testing combinations of genes in mouse models of the disease.
A review of autopsy reports reveals that early in the HIV epidemic, the average age of death was 36, increasing to 54 by 2010 due to development of antiviral therapies. However, people are still dying predominantly from underlying disease rather than just old age, with infections like pneumonia and hepatitis C contributing to deaths.
Researchers investigated metabolic changes across organs in a large animal model of sepsis, identifying common and organ-specific alterations that could inform new therapeutic approaches. The study, published in The American Journal of Pathology, has the potential to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with sepsis.
A team of researchers led by Brittany Dugger will study donated post-mortem brain tissues from diverse individuals with Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Dominican heritage to define the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease in Hispanic cohorts. The goal is to develop specific disease profiles and improve prevention and treatment.
Researchers at DZNE associate oxidative stress with the spreading of abnormal alpha-synuclein protein in Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder. The findings suggest that oxidative stress may trigger the formation and aggregation of toxic alpha-synuclein species, leading to progressive pathology and neuronal damage.
The study identified three ways in which the FOXA1 gene mutates to trigger prostate cancer: FAST, FURIOUS, and LOUD. Class 1 mutations cause rapid DNA traversal, class 2 mutations prevent normal FOXA1 from binding, and class 3 mutations create duplications of oncogenes. These alterations have different clinical implications for patients.
Researchers found a link between sleep patterns and Alzheimer's disease pathology, suggesting new diagnostic tools and prevention strategies.
A new protein, CAPON, has been linked to the connection between amyloid-β plaques and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Accumulation of CAPON increases AD-related pathology, while deficiency reduces symptoms. The study uses novel mouse models to explore this link.
Researchers found that new neurons continue to form well into old age, including in people with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The study provides evidence that neurogenesis may moderate the effects of brain pathology, suggesting potential therapeutic possibilities.
Researchers found widespread inconsistencies in antibody use, causing unreliable results and wasting $2 billion per year. They call for industry-wide standards to validate antibodies, especially in human tissue research.
A joint report from AMP and CAP provides evidence-based recommendations for designing and validating clinical CYP2C9 assays, promoting standardization and improving patient care. The report defines a minimum set of alleles and their variants that should be included in all clinical CYP2C9 genotyping tests.
A significant rise in oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesion detection by dentists in Ontario is reported, with a nearly doubling of cancers detected between 2005 and 2015. The study suggests that comprehensive training and continuing education programs for oral health professionals may be behind the dramatic increase in detection rates.
A new zebrafish model has been developed to visualize drug responses at single-cell resolution in live animals, identifying a promising treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma. The model allows for the assessment of combination therapies and direct visualization of drug responses, reducing costs and time required for clinical trials.
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University have developed an open-source quality-control tool to assess the quality of digital tissue slides. The tool, called Histo-QC, incorporates measurements and classifiers to flag corrupted images and retain high-quality slides for analysis by computers.
St. Jude scientists discover that ULK1 and ULK2 break down stress granules, which build up toxic proteins that kill muscle and brain cells in diseases including IBM, ALS, and FTD. Boosting these enzymes could help treat the conditions.
Current diagnostic criteria do not account for differences in kappa and lambda light chains, leading to missed diagnoses and false positives. The researchers propose new criteria that take into account the varying levels of these light chains to improve accuracy and detect cases of lambda-associated lesions.
Researchers develop new sequencing technologies to identify genetic causes of Opitz C Syndrome, which can cause significant clinical variability. The study's findings suggest that precise molecular diagnosis is crucial for therapeutic intervention and prenatal counseling.