Ajay Jain, a SLU hepatologist, is researching preventative strategies for parenteral nutrition-associated injuries. He aims to understand the interplay of bile acid regulated pathways and assess the role of the gut microbiome during PN.
A Finnish study found that family-based lifestyle counselling increased children's physical activity levels, improved diet quality, and reduced sedentary behaviour. The intervention also led to a higher intake of essential nutrients.
A Norwegian study found that women who experienced childhood sexual abuse are 22% more likely to stop breastfeeding before four months. Women exposed to multiple types of violence have a 41% greater chance of stopping early. Breastfeeding helps mothers' health, but trauma can hinder it.
Researchers discovered that changes in gut bacteria are strongly associated with PCOS-related obesity and signs of diabetes. Modifying the gut microbiome may be a potential treatment option for women with PCOS.
A new study reveals that mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to an imbalance in B-vitamin metabolism, resulting in genetic damage. This finding opens up new avenues for treatment, particularly targeting specific forms of B-vitamins.
Previous lactation performance and weather can predict colostrum quality in dairy cows. Researchers found that warmer temperatures improve colostrum quality by increasing blood vessel permeability.
A study in yeast reveals that nutrients can affect gene expression, suggesting a complex interplay between metabolism and genetics. The findings have implications for understanding how cells respond to certain drugs and may explain why some individuals fail to respond to treatment.
Researchers found a 33% reduction in malnutrition incidence when children were given ready-to-use therapeutic food, compared to control groups. Supplementation with micronutrients showed no significant benefit.
A study by Aarhus University found that wholegrain foods, such as rye bread, contain bioactive compounds called benzoxazinoids. These substances have been shown to pass through the gut wall and circulate in the body, potentially regulating the immune system.
Researchers at DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have developed a molecule that mimics natural vitamins in bacteria, allowing for easier tracking and measurement of nutrient use. The discovery provides insight into the inner workings of living microbes crucial to energy production and carbon cycles.
Researchers found that higher Omega-3 fatty acid levels enhance the effectiveness of B vitamins in preventing cognitive decline. The study, which included over 250 participants with mild cognitive impairment, suggests that combining B vitamins and fish oil supplements may improve thinking and memory in older adults.
Researchers found that chimpanzees with more frequent social interactions had more diverse gut microbiomes. The study suggests that social networks play a crucial role in maintaining healthy gut microbial diversity, a finding with potential implications for human health.
Researchers found that the number of bacterial species in a chimp's GI tract increases when they are more gregarious. The study suggests that social interactions with other chimps help maintain gut microbial diversity over a lifetime, just as initial exposure from mom does.
A study published in the British Journal of Cancer found that higher magnesium intake may lower the risk of pancreatic cancer. Researchers analyzed data from over 66,000 men and women and discovered a significant association between magnesium consumption and reduced pancreatic cancer incidence.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute found that cooperating bacteria form cell clusters to exclude non-cooperating bacteria from their community. This mechanism stabilizes long-term partnerships without requiring complex recognition of potential partners.
More than 95% of cancer patients expressed interest in at least one complementary therapy if offered, with vitamins/nutritional supplements being the most commonly used. Patients were also interested in massage, acupressure, nutritional counseling, and mindfulness meditation.
A recent study by the University of the Basque Country found that altering lettuce growing conditions can enhance its nutritional quality. By subjecting plants to short-duration stresses, researchers were able to boost antioxidant compounds and increase biomass production without compromising productivity.
A new study found that obese children and those with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) are not meeting the UK's vitamin and mineral guidelines. They are also significantly off meeting the recommended physical activity levels, with excess weight unlikely to be the only factor in NAFLD development.
Researchers used urine-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model hypercholesterolemia and predict patient responses to cholesterol-lowering drugs. The study shows that these models can be used to test the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors, potentially paving the way for personalized treatment.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that consuming tree nuts lowers total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and ApoB, key factors used to evaluate a person's risk of cardiovascular disease. Consuming at least two servings of walnuts per day has stronger effects on total cholesterol and LDL.
A former FDA principal deputy commissioner proposes a solution to the dietary supplement regulation gridlock by focusing on improving safety rather than efficacy. The proposed framework includes pre-market registration, clearer disclaimers, and better standards for identifying substances to protect consumers from unsafe products.
Researchers found that three minutes of high-intensity exercise changes how muscle cells manage calcium, leading to improved endurance. Antioxidants may undermine this effect by removing the breakdown of calcium channels.
Premature birth can be lifesaving with TPN, but it also causes liver damage. Dr. Ajay Jain is studying ways to prevent TPN-related complications in newborns.
Researchers found that rockweed substrate drenches significantly improved postharvest shelf life of petunia and tomato transplants. In contrast, foliar sprays showed no effect on drought tolerance. The study recommends using seaweed extracts as a substrate drench to enhance plant growth.
A study of 1533 cancer survivors revealed poor adherence to dietary guidelines, with lower intakes of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, but higher intakes of empty calories. Diet quality improved with age and education level.
Scientists at ETH Zurich have developed a genetically modified cassava variety that produces several-fold higher levels of vitamin B6, addressing the widespread deficiency in Africa. The new trait is stable under different conditions and has been confirmed to be bioavailable for human consumption.
A recent study found that approximately 43% of the S-equol in women's plasma is in two biologically active forms after ingestion. These findings suggest that these bioactive forms may contribute to the relief of menopausal symptoms, as reported in previous clinical trials.
Researchers found that shielding parenteral nutrition from light significantly decreases oxidative stress and cell damage in premature infants, improving their survival rates. The study's findings suggest a potential solution for reducing mortality rates in preterm infants born between 26-31 weeks of gestation.
Researchers from Ghent University have developed a new rice prototype with stable folate content, which remains effective upon long-term storage. This breakthrough can offer a solution to health problems related to folate deficiency in developing countries.
A large study found that adhering to healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet was associated with a reduced risk of depression. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 was also linked to a significant reduction in depression risk, although this effect may be explained by similarities with the Mediterranean diet.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine reveals that many obese people are malnourished before weight loss surgery. The research highlights the importance of addressing nutritional deficiencies to reduce surgical complications and improve overall health after the procedure.
A recent study published in the Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved reveals that Non-Hispanic Black Americans have significantly higher rates of nutrient shortfalls compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. The analysis, conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), found that Blacks we...
Researchers developed a bacterium-based biosensor that can detect zinc levels in blood samples, providing an inexpensive way to assess nutritional deficiencies. The test uses color changes to indicate zinc levels, making it visible without specialized equipment.
Researchers successfully joined two separate pieces of embryonic mouse intestine using growth supports, allowing nerve signals to pass through and promoting growth. The breakthrough could lead to treatment for conditions like short bowel syndrome, a condition causing damage to the bowel that prevents nutrient absorption.
A study by UC Davis researchers has identified two biomarkers that can detect lung cancer up to six months before diagnosis, with an 80% accuracy rate. The findings offer a promising alternative to expensive low-dose CT scans, which involve X-ray radiation.
Researchers at the John Innes Centre found that Euglena gracilis has over 32,000 active protein-encoding genes, significantly more than humans. The single cell algae can produce various natural compounds, including vitamins, essential amino acids, and a sugar polymer with anti-HIV effects.
HHMI scientists have discovered functional liver stem cells that proliferate and give rise to mature hepatocytes, even in healthy livers. The newly found stem cells require Wnt signals to maintain their identity and are responsible for replenishing the liver's population.
A new study published in The FASEB Journal suggests that nutritional deficiencies can lead to chronic inflammation, which may be the underlying cause of weight gain. Participants who consumed nutrient bars daily for two months showed significant improvements in various health markers, including weight loss and improved cholesterol levels.
A team of marine researchers has discovered a three-way conflict between algae, bacteria, and vitamin B12 in the frigid waters off Antarctica. The competition for iron and vitamins has significant implications for understanding globally significant food webs of the Southern Ocean.
A study by University of Illinois professor Ruopeng An found that eating at restaurants consumes more calories, fat, and sodium than eating at home. African-Americans who dine out take in more total fat, saturated fat, sodium, and sugar.
Research suggests that excessive vitamin A supplementation can shut down the body's trained immunity, rendering it less effective at fighting off past infections. This impaired immune response is due to vitamin A's inhibitory effects on histone methylation modifications in human monocytes.
Researchers at TSRI devised a set of chemical methods to study protein interactions with lipids, identifying thousands of lipid-protein interactions and discovering small molecules that selectively block these interactions. The findings suggest a wider range of proteins can be targeted with small-molecule ligands than previously thought.
A recent UAlberta study reveals nearly half of severely obese patients require ICU admission and one in five do not survive after emergency surgery. The researchers attribute these findings to underlying health conditions, malnutrition, and impaired healing due to obesity.
A new study confirms that 53% of menopausal women use at least one type of CAM for symptom management, raising safety concerns due to lack of medical consultation. Healthcare providers need to be aware of CAM therapies and guide patients to coordinate safe care.
Research from Purdue University found that adding eggs to a salad with raw vegetables significantly improves the absorption of carotenoids. This is due to the lipid content in whole eggs, which enhances the absorption of these fat-soluble nutrients.
A review of 10 studies found no human data to support claims that eating placenta reduces postpartum depression or pain. Unknown risks to women and babies are also a concern due to lack of regulation and inconsistent dosing.
A recent study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often do not receive adequate nutrients from dietary supplements. Despite supplementation, many children with ASD still have deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals such as calcium and vitami...
A new study has found an association between vitamin E concentrations and exposure to fine particulate pollution in the general population. Higher levels of alpha-tocopherol, a form of Vitamin E, were linked to lower lung function and reduced exposure to PM2.5.
A Swedish study of 98 infants found that C-section babies had a less similar gut microbiome to their mothers compared to vaginal births. The researchers also discovered that cessation of breastfeeding led to a shift in the infant's gut bacteria, with certain species more commonly seen in adults emerging.
A fruit-based micronutrient and fiber-dense supplement bar improved metabolism, reduced chronic inflammation, and initiated weight loss in overweight/obese individuals. The CHORI-bar's composition is complex and required years of clinical trials to develop.
Research by University of Colorado Cancer Center investigator Tim Byers found that taking more dietary supplements than needed can lead to a higher risk of developing cancer. The study, which involved thousands of patients and ten years of research, showed that some supplements may even increase cancer risk by 20%.
A new study by ETH Zurich researchers has identified a critical link between oxidative stress and the immune system's ability to fight off viruses. Vitamin E was shown to be effective in protecting T cells from cell death caused by oxidative stress, a breakthrough that could have implications for treating chronic infections.
A study found that different colored lettuces have varying antioxidant effects, with red leaves acting faster than green ones. Researchers aim to boost these properties through short stresses.
A research team at Montana State University and Sweden has discovered an antioxidant system in liver cells that helps sustain function during a crisis. The system is powered by methionine, an amino acid found in high levels in egg, meat, fish, Brazil nuts, sesame seeds, and cereal grains.
A study found that high-vitamin maternal diets impact brain development and food preference in male Wistar rat offspring, reducing preference for sweetness. The findings suggest that excessive vitamin intake during pregnancy may affect offspring's dietary choices and potentially other behaviors.
A new study in baboons reveals that social relationships play a role in shaping an individual's gut microbial makeup. The researchers found that baboons who groomed each other more frequently shared more similar sets of gut microbes, suggesting that physical contact may be a key factor in allowing people to swap gut germs.
A new study led by Elizabeth Archie found that social interactions directly affect the gut microbiome of wild baboons. Baboons with stronger social bonds have more similar gut bacteria, suggesting physical contact is key to shaping the microbiome.
A higher intake of lycopene among postmenopausal women may lower the risk of renal cell carcinoma by 39%. The study analyzed data from 96,196 women and found a significant association between lycopene intake and reduced kidney cancer risk. Lycopene is a natural antioxidant found in foods like tomatoes and watermelon.
A Vanderbilt University-led study has discovered that peanut consumption is associated with reduced total mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality across all racial and ethnic groups. The study, based on three large cohort studies, found a significant link between increased peanut intake and lower mortality rates.
Innovative sequencing technologies are allowing scientists to study ocean microbes, revealing their critical role in the global carbon cycle and ecosystem health. The findings highlight the diversity of marine protists and their impact on ocean ecosystems.