Articles tagged with Metaanalysis
A study of 55 million people worldwide adds evidence that weekend hospital admissions have a higher mortality rate compared to weekdays. The analysis found patients admitted on weekends had an increased risk of death, with subgroup analysis revealing this trend in nearly all categories.
A systematic review of 28 studies involving over 3,400 adult ICU survivors found that one quarter exhibited PTSD symptoms. Risk factors included younger age, benzodiazepine use, and frightening ICU experiences. PTSD symptoms were associated with worse health-related quality of life.
A meta-analysis by American Psychological Association found women rated as highly as men in leadership effectiveness, contradicting long-held stereotypes. The study also discovered that women are viewed more favorably when holding senior management positions, highlighting a shift towards greater gender equality in the workplace.
A meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials found that whey protein can lead to a decrease in body weight by 4.2 kg and body fat by 3.74 kg, while increasing lean body mass by 2.24 kg. Whey protein's unique combination of branched-chain amino acids may be responsible for these benefits.
Researchers found high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and remnant lipoprotein (RLP) cholesterol levels are linked to CHD risk. HDL3 subfractions, not traditional HDL cholesterol, were more predictive in assessing and reducing CHD risk.
A meta-analysis of 19 studies involving over 760,000 participants found that people with pre-high blood pressure were 66% more likely to develop a stroke. The study also found that nearly 20% of strokes in the study population were due to pre-high blood pressure.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that outbursts of anger can trigger heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular problems in the two hours immediately afterwards. The risk is particularly high for those with existing cardiovascular problems or a history of heart attack or stroke.
A meta-analysis of 46 studies found that positive feelings about race or ethnicity are associated with fewer symptoms of depression and emotional problems. Minority youth who feel positively about their racial or ethnic identity tend to have better social interactions, self-esteem, and academic performance.
A recent study finds that narcissistic leaders face a double-edged sword, with extremely high or low levels of narcissism leading to poorer organizational outcomes. Moderation is key, as confidence without antisocial tendencies can lead to effective leadership.
A meta-analysis found that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of glioma, especially in Asian populations. The study suggests that this genetic variation may serve as a biomarker for glioma susceptibility and provide scientific basis for population screening.
A genome-wide meta-analysis of COPD patients has identified novel gene variants associated with bronchodilator responsiveness. The study used data from over 6,000 patients and found that genetic determinants likely influence response to inhaled medication.
A meta-analysis found that receiving an influenza vaccination was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. The greatest treatment effect was seen among patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS), such as heart attack or unstable angina.
A large meta-analysis of 23 studies involving over 4,000 healthy adults found no significant benefit from vitamin D supplements in preventing osteoporosis. The study's authors conclude that continuing widespread use of vitamin D for osteoporosis prevention in healthy adults without specific risk factors is inappropriate.
A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials found that Transcendental Meditation (TM) practice reduced trait anxiety in people with high anxiety levels. Studies showed significant reductions in anxiety, especially in those with elevated anxiety levels.
A comprehensive review of medical literature reveals a link between PTSD and metabolic syndrome. The study suggests that the relationship is not clear and may be influenced by various factors such as socioeconomic status and lifestyle habits. Further investigation is needed to fully understand this connection.
A new meta-analysis of 29 randomized studies involving over 4,500 patients with knee osteoarthritis found significant improvement in pain and function with intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injections compared to saline injections. The study confirmed the safety profile of FDA-approved HA products.
A recent meta-analysis of 14 studies found that statin use is associated with a statistically significant decrease in cataract cases. The analysis suggests that younger individuals and those using statins for longer periods may benefit most from this effect.
A global systematic review and meta-analysis found that newborns of mothers with bacterial infection or colonization are at higher risk for early-onset neonatal infections. The study analyzed data from 83 studies and found a significant association between maternal infection and newborn infection, with odds ratios ranging from 2.3 to 9.4.
Researchers found that reciprocity is a significant factor in food sharing, similar across humans, monkeys, and apes. Humans tend to exchange food for food, while primates barter for services like grooming or coalition support.
A new systematic review and meta-analysis found that people with diabetes are at least 50% more likely to develop physical disability. The study also showed a significant association between diabetes and functional disability, including impaired mobility and ability to perform daily activities.
A new study reveals substantial bias in animal studies reporting, which may lead to misleading conclusions about potential treatments' effectiveness in humans. The researchers analyzed 160 meta-analyses of animal studies and found that over twice as many studies reached statistical significance than expected.
A new set of guidelines for abstracts in systematic reviews and meta-analyses aims to provide a robust summary of research. The PRISMA for Abstracts checklist helps authors present an explicit summary of results, facilitating quick assessment and efficient perusal.
For most patients with small aneurysms, surveillance intervals can be extended, reducing the number of scans from 15 to 7 per year, without significantly increasing rupture risk. The study found that men's rupture risk increased by a factor of 1.9 for every 0.5-cm increase in baseline AAA diameter.
A meta-analysis of 12 studies involving 116,000 participants found no evidence of an association between job strain and overall cancer risk. Stress can cause chronic inflammation, leading to unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
A large-scale international study identified 15 new genetic regions associated with coronary artery disease, revealing a link between inflammation and plaque buildup in heart vessels. The research, which analyzed data from over 190,000 participants, provides insights into the molecular pathways causing the deadly disease.
A large group of patients with diabetes showed a lower risk of total and cardiovascular mortality with higher levels of physical activity, including leisure-time PA and walking. Moderately active individuals had the lowest mortality risk compared to those who were physically inactive.
A comprehensive review of 24 studies found acetazolamide has limited effectiveness unless baseline AMS risk is high, and some side effects occur at low doses. The authors suggest tailoring treatment to individual risk and acceptability of common side effects.
A new study published in Perspectives on Psychological Science suggests that employees' interests are a stronger predictor of job performance than overall interest scores. The research found that those whose interest profiles matched their job profiles were more likely to perform well, help others, and stay with the company longer.
A meta-analysis of 43,191 participants found statin therapy reduced recurrent cardiovascular events in both men and women. However, the benefits were not significant for women in terms of all-cause mortality or stroke risk. The study highlights the need for more female participants in cardiovascular prevention trials.
A study of 17 studies from seven countries found that smoking increases relative mortality by 83% for current smokers and 34% for former smokers. Quitting smoking at an older age is associated with a reduced risk of death, even after a longer follow-up period.
Patients treated with anti-TNF medications have a higher risk of developing herpes zoster, or shingles, than those treated with traditional DMARDs. The study suggests that prophylactic treatment may be necessary for those at risk.
A meta-analysis of eight clinical trials suggests that initial stent implantation for patients with stable coronary artery disease is not associated with improved outcomes compared to initial medical therapy. The study found no significant reduction in mortality, nonfatal heart attacks, or angina after a mean follow-up of 4.3 years.
A meta-analysis of 26 studies found that adults with mental illnesses are nearly four times as likely to experience violence, and those with intellectual impairments are 1.5 times more likely to be victims. The study highlights the need for improved identification and response to violence against people with disabilities.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of previous studies found that short-term exposure to major air pollutants is associated with an increased risk of heart attack. The study suggests three possible mechanisms for this association: inflammation, abnormal cardiac autonomic system regulation, and increased blood viscosity.
A review of 160 reports found that common mental health interventions, such as counselling and child-friendly spaces, often lack rigorous scrutiny. The authors call for increased research into these interventions to improve their effectiveness and sustainability in humanitarian settings.
A meta-analysis found a strong association between CCSVI and multiple sclerosis, but the low quality of included studies prevents a definitive conclusion. The variation in study results suggests that factors such as sample size, ultrasound techniques, and training of operators may contribute to the heterogeneity.
A meta-analysis predicts that cities will expand by 590,000 square miles globally by 2030, threatening biologically diverse areas. Rising incomes in China drive half of urban land expansion, while population growth drives expansion in India and Africa.
A Northwestern University meta-analysis reveals that leadership continues to be viewed as culturally masculine, perpetuating barriers to women's advancement. The study finds that women are seen as less qualified or natural in leadership roles, and adopting masculine behaviors can lead to being viewed as inappropriate.
A meta-analysis of previous studies found that patients with eating disorders have an elevated rate of death, especially those with anorexia nervosa. The study also highlighted the seriousness of bulimia nervosa and disordered eating not otherwise specified, which are often overlooked due to limited published data.
A study published in JAMA found that highly cited studies on biomarkers often reported larger effect size estimates than subsequent meta-analyses, suggesting potential for false-positive results. This can lead to wasted resources and inaccurate risk appraisal if not addressed by conducting more evidence.
A meta-analysis of 32 sport psychological studies found that self-talk improves sport performance, but different types of self-talk work better for different tasks. Instructional self-talk is more effective for fine skills, while motivational self-talk boosts confidence for endurance tasks.
A recent meta-analysis of 40,000 critically ill patients found no statistically significant difference in hospital mortality between those who received ICU telemonitoring and those who did not. The study suggests that telemonitoring may not be an effective solution for addressing the shortage of intensivist physicians.
A recent study found that only 2% of meta-analyses reported funding sources, while 62.5% of included RCTs had pharmaceutical industry funding. Author financial disclosures were also underreported. The lack of transparency may compromise readers' understanding and appraisal of the evidence.
A recent study by a team of investigators found that financial conflicts-of-interest are being hidden in published drug research through meta-analyses, which combine results from multiple individual trials. The study highlighted the lack of transparency in reporting funding sources and author-industry ties in these analyses.
A meta-analysis of over 100,000 DNA samples identified variants in two dozen previously unknown height genes, as well as confirmed associations with 30 known height genes. The study used a dense gene chip to discover genetic variants linked to complex traits and diseases.
A study published in The Lancet found that dispatcher-assisted CPR producing chest compression only results in improved survival rates compared to standard CPR. Continuous uninterrupted chest compressions are vital for successful CPR, and avoiding mouth-to-mouth ventilation increases the probability of a successful outcome.
A meta-analysis of eight clinical trials found that folic acid supplements did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, cancer, or death over a five-year period. The study showed a significant reduction in homocysteine levels with folic acid supplementation but no corresponding benefit for cardiovascular health.
A meta-analysis found that carotid artery stenting was associated with increased risks of short- and long-term adverse outcomes, including stroke, death, and restenosis. In contrast, carotid endarterectomy was linked to lower rates of these complications.
A study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that increasing taxes on alcoholic beverages significantly reduces disease, injury, crime, and death rates. Doubling state alcohol taxes could lead to a 35% reduction in mortality, as well as decreases in STDs, violence, and crime.
A new study from the University of Chicago finds that 85% of workers prioritize workplace safety over other labor standards. Despite public concern, workplace safety measures often fall short, with reports of injuries remaining high and worker stress contributing to accidents.
A new meta-analysis of individual patient data found that high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has outcomes comparable to conventional ventilation for preterm infants, without increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or brain damage. The study included 3229 participants and analyzed 10 randomized controlled trials.
A meta-analysis of fibrate drugs found significant reductions in major cardiovascular events and coronary events. Fibrates also showed a modest risk reduction for albuminuria progression, an early marker of kidney disease.
A new meta-analysis reports that hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy regimens improve overall survival in non-small-cell lung cancer patients by 3% after 5 years. Modified fractionation of radiotherapy also shows benefits for small-cell lung cancer patients, although the difference is not statistically significant.
Adding chemotherapy to surgery or surgery plus radiotherapy significantly improves survival rates for patients with operable non-small-cell lung cancer. The meta-analysis found a 4% increase in survival at 5 years, regardless of the type of chemotherapy used.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly reduces the risk of coronary heart disease events. The researchers reviewed 8 trials involving over 13,000 participants and found a 19% reduced risk of CHD risk compared to control groups.
A review and meta-analysis of previous studies suggests that withholding anticoagulation therapy after a negative whole-leg compression ultrasound is associated with a low risk of developing a blood clot during the subsequent 3 months. This finding may lead to reconsidering multiple ultrasounds for low-risk patients.
A new study published by the American Psychological Association finds psychodynamic psychotherapy to be highly effective in alleviating mental health symptoms, with benefits persisting after treatment has ended. The therapy's focus on self-reflection and examining relationship patterns leads to substantial treatment benefits.
A meta-analysis of 50 experiments found that consumers generally respond positively to having many choices, with a
Patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma benefit from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, showing improved overall survival and complete resection rates. However, the treatment is connected to a higher mortality rate after surgery.
A meta-analysis of 134 studies involving over 3,400 participants found that men's subjective and physiological measures of sexual arousal were more closely matched than women's. The researchers identified two methodological differences - the type of stimuli and timing of assessment - that may contribute to this gender difference.