Articles tagged with Medical Diagnosis
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent mini-symposium in Political Research Quarterly explores the critical role of race in shaping US political history. The studies reveal how and why racial factors have influenced major developments, including debates over slavery and internal improvements.
The Lancet Series on Child Maltreatment highlights the importance of supporting paediatricians who work with child maltreatment cases. Professor Jenny suggests that regulation of experts and media coverage can help safeguard children. The series also emphasizes the need for a public-health approach to address social inequality and pare...
The biomagnetic technique assesses esophageal transit time using a non-invasive method that avoids ionizing radiation. The study found that ETT is affected by anatomical position, with faster rates in the supine position.
A study published in Neurology found that people with obesity and pre-existing health conditions may experience a delay in being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, or have more severe symptoms at diagnosis. The study suggests that doctors should carefully consider new neurological symptoms in patients with chronic diseases.
A study by Stanford Cancer Center found that younger patients (15-39 years) with lung cancer exhibit better survival rates and distinct clinical features compared to older patients. The age-adjusted incidence rate of lung cancer in younger patients was significantly lower, and they had a higher proportion of distant disease at diagnosis.
Researchers investigated etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of spontaneous colon perforation, a rare condition with high mortality rate. The study found that chronic constipation was common among patients and that surgical intervention was often necessary.
A study published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that tamoxifen treatment may advance detection of ER-negative breast cancer in high-risk women, shortening the time to diagnosis by approximately 1 year. The drug does not alter the risk of ER-positive disease.
Comprehensive guidelines for dementia management have been developed to support both patients and primary caregivers. The approach emphasizes a team-based care model that prioritizes patient-centered care and evidence-based recommendations.
Researchers used ultrasonography to diagnose biliary atresia in patients. The study found that the triangular cord was a specific feature of the disease, while flat and small gallbladders were also diagnostic. Hepatomegaly and heterogeneous echogenicity were proportional with liver fibrosis.
Primary aortoenteric fistula (PAEF) is a rare but life-threatening condition that can cause massive gastrointestinal bleeding. PAEFs often present with a herald bleed prior to exsanguination, making early diagnosis challenging. The incidence of PAEF is likely higher than estimated, and prompt surgical intervention is crucial for survival.
A new case report reveals the successful use of ERCP to diagnose biliary rhabdomyosarcoma in a child, obviating the need for surgery. The treatment involves chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with ERCP providing an effective alternative for some patients.
Research reveals that breast cancer survivors must navigate the vulnerabilities of loved ones as they share their diagnosis. Women typically face challenges in asking for help from others while also being perceived as caregivers.
Researchers from KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme assess rotavirus diarrhoea in young children, finding over 2% hospital admissions. Meanwhile, PLOS Medicine article discusses evidence-based TB diagnosis, citing the importance of strong evidence backing expenditure on diagnostics.
A Northwestern University study found that more than three-quarters of patients don't fully comprehend their emergency department discharge instructions. Patients who fail to follow instructions may have a higher risk of complications after leaving the hospital, according to lead author Kirsten Engel.
A new study from Duke University Medical Center found that changes in doctors' reimbursement for chemotherapy treatments did not affect patients' access to care. The study measured patient access by looking at distance traveled and time between diagnosis and initiation of chemotherapy.
Experts propose measuring only systolic blood pressure in patients aged 50+, as it's a better predictor of risk and simplifies communication with patients. This shift could lead to improved treatment outcomes, reduced disease rates, and increased focus on systolic hypertension.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have developed an automated technique using wavelets to analyze brain tumors, providing a preliminary diagnosis in seconds. The method improves upon existing methods by analyzing hundreds of slides with millions of pixels, increasing accuracy and reducing analysis time.
A novel environmental diagnostic method has been designed to quantify landfill environmental impact and adapt to different countries' laws and socioeconomic characteristics. The tool analyzes landfill dynamics and provides a set of environmental indexes to justify Conditioning Plans or Closing Plans.
Researchers explored coping strategies for vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (vvs) in heterosexual couples. They found that treating the couple, not just the woman, and developing a shared sense of meaning about vvs helped alleviate tension and improve communication.
A team of international experts from 10 countries developed the first evidence-based definition of lifelong premature ejaculation, aiding future diagnosis and treatment. The definition combines three key factors: early ejaculation nearly every time, inability to delay ejaculation, and negative personal consequences.
A case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of Gardner syndrome with gastric polyposis in a 23-year-old female patient. The patient underwent restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis, showing gradual recovery from malnutrition and anemia.
Researchers have made significant progress in diagnosing and preventing celiac disease, a condition where gluten triggers an autoimmune response. A new therapy, AT-1001, has shown promising results in improving intestinal permeability and reducing symptoms.
A new study by Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University researchers found that bipolar disorder is being overdiagnosed, with 43.4% of patients not receiving a valid diagnosis. This can lead to unnecessary medication side effects, highlighting the need for standardized diagnostic methods.
A new technique from Carnegie Mellon University speeds up critical steps in automated biological screening methods, improving accuracy and reducing time requirements. The method also enhances the efficiency of the belief propagation algorithm, applicable to fields beyond biology.
Research found that people with migraine are more likely to experience exacerbated skin sensitivity or pain after daily activities, particularly those with chronic migraines. The study also identified risk factors for migraine progression, including allodynia and depression.
A new study suggests that pregnant breast cancer patients can benefit from the same treatment as non-pregnant women with minimal health risks to the baby. The research collected data from 122 patients and found that most received surgery and chemotherapy without significant harm to the newborn.
A recent study found that CT scans are highly effective in diagnosing patients with large bowel obstruction, identifying the site and cause of obstruction. The study showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 100%, respectively.
Researchers from Université de Montréal found that sleep deprivation can trigger sleepwalking in predisposed individuals. The study, published in Annals of Neurology, showed that sleepwalkers who experienced one night of sleep followed by one night of wakefulness had a significant increase in behavioral episodes.
A new study found that sleep deprivation can precipitate sleepwalking in predisposed individuals and may serve as a valuable tool in diagnosing the disorder. The study showed that sleep deprivation significantly increased the proportion of sleepwalkers experiencing complex episodes, facilitating diagnosis.
A case report describes a patient with colonic duplication that mimicked a pancreatic tumor, emphasizing the importance of considering intestinal duplication in abdominal mass diagnoses. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis after distal pancreatectomy.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) welcomes the ESCEO European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The guidance provides a roadmap for implementing the new FRAX tool based on the WHO technical report, offering case-finding strategies supported by health economic data.
A study published in Neurology found that black patients are 3.5 times more likely to experience severe vision loss and nearly five times more likely to become legally blind compared to non-black patients. This increased risk may be attributed to other factors such as higher body mass index, low blood iron, and higher brain pressures.
A new study from Washington University in St. Louis found that patients and their caregivers experience a sense of relief upon receiving an Alzheimer's diagnosis, rather than increased anxiety. The study suggests that providing an early diagnosis can allow individuals to make plans for the future, including treatment and preparing for ...
A recent study found that general practitioners diagnosed 79% of rheumatoid arthritis cases, but only 27% of those cases were referred to a rheumatologist. Furthermore, many patients were not even confirmed to have rheumatoid arthritis despite being seen by a specialist in the first three months after diagnosis.
A study of 829 Canadian women diagnosed with early breast cancer found that they lost an average of 27% of their typical income during the first 12 months after diagnosis. The researchers also discovered that wage losses were more common among less educated women, those with more serious disease, and those with less social support.
Uninsured and Medicaid-insured US patients are more likely to present with advanced cancer at diagnosis than privately insured patients. The authors found that these disparities affect ethnic minorities and cancers with early detection potential, underscoring the need for adequate healthcare coverage.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a non-lethal but potentially severe disease that can be prevented with rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment. New techniques, such as the QT-NASBA technique and real-time Reverse Transcriptase PCR, have been developed to detect and quantify Leishmania parasites, leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers at Purdue University have mathematically described precisely how droplets form when liquids are exposed to electric fields, a discovery that contradicts conventional wisdom. The study found that a liquid's viscosity plays a vital role in drop formation and size.
A recent Editorial highlights the growing concern of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in soldiers returning from Afghanistan and Iraq. The condition affects an estimated 60% of all combat-injured soldiers, with over half caused by explosive devices.
Researchers found that alcohol dependence and conduct disorder are associated with a high number of sex partners among young adults. The study found that 45% of those with alcohol dependence reported having 10 or more partners, compared to 37% of those with conduct disorder.
A survey found that doctors and patients with herpes have poor understanding of the infection, including its transmission and treatment. Doctors overestimated the emotional impact and underestimated viral shedding risks.
Scientists at UC Berkeley have discovered a technique that enables the detection of biomolecules' dynamic reactions in a single living cell, providing unprecedented resolution. By using gold nanoparticles, researchers can determine enzyme activation and gene expression in real-time without killing the cells.
A study found Tinea unguium cases increased significantly among children, with 66.6% showing tinea pedis co-infection, highlighting need for proper diagnosis and treatment. Pediatricians should recognize symptoms like onycholysis, nail changes, and environmental factors to accurately diagnose the condition.
This special issue of JRRD examines the clinical characteristics of military personnel with TBI and describes healthcare models providing care and support to them and their families. Topics include posttraumatic stress disorder, telemedicine systems, and neuropsychiatric perspectives on TBI.
Two studies found a significant increase in five- and ten-year survival rates for MM patients over the past decade, with younger patients showing the most dramatic improvement. Novel therapies have been credited with this trend, particularly among younger patients.
Researchers found that patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated with radiation and chemotherapy drug temozolomide can live up to four years after diagnosis, compared to three percent of those who received only radiation. The treatment has become the standard for GBM patients worldwide.
A 53-million-year-old fossilized spider has been digitally dissected using VHR-CT, revealing internal organs for the first time. The technique has revolutionized the study of amber fossils, providing a unique window into past forest ecosystems.
The REVEAL Registry aims to provide reliable information on PAH demographics, clinical course, and management. Researchers found that most patients experience a significant delay between symptom onset and diagnosis, with up to 3-year delays in some cases.
A study presented at CHEST 2007 found that hypnotherapy resulted in higher quit rates compared to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alone. Patients admitted with a cardiac diagnosis were three times more likely to quit smoking at 6 months than those with a pulmonary diagnosis.
Researchers identify key proteins in brain cortex associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. A new method also detects abnormal protein-sugar structures in blood plasma for cancer diagnosis. Additionally, proteins linked to improved liver cancer diagnosis have been identified.
Researchers are developing a portable mass spectrometer to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) with greater sensitivity than smear microscopy. The device could automate the process, making it more widely available in resource-poor settings where TB kills two million people annually.
A national survey found racial differences in knowledge and beliefs about Alzheimer's disease, with blacks and Hispanics more hopeful about research advances and reporting lifestyle changes to reduce risk. Despite increased knowledge over the past two decades, misconceptions remain among large segments of the population.
The updated GOLD report provides new standards for diagnosing and managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphasizing the importance of proper diagnosis and assessment. The report also highlights the need to understand co-morbidities and implement effective strategies for prevention, treatment, and management.
Researchers at Uppsala University have developed a new technique to detect protein communication in cells, which has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnostics. The refined method is more sensitive and reliable than existing techniques, making it a breakthrough for early cancer detection.
A recent study by the University of Warwick found that doctors' genders can impact the early detection of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. The researchers discovered that female doctors were more likely to consider psychological explanations for women's health problems and paid attention to presentation style, potentially diverti...
Researchers created an automated, enterprise-scale WiFi troubleshooting system that analyzes wireless protocol behavior, wired network services, and interactions between them. The system identifies the source of problems, such as media access dynamics and mobility management latency, and provides immediate solutions.
A study published in Archives of General Psychiatry found a substantial increase in office-based visit diagnoses for bipolar disorder among youth from 1994 to 2003. This growth was accompanied by rising prescription rates for mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants.
The study found that the number of office visits resulting in a bipolar disorder diagnosis for youths ages 19 and younger increased from 25 per 100,000 people in 1994-1995 to 1,003 per 100,000 people in 2002-2003. In contrast, adults saw a rise from 905 per 100,000 people to 1,679 per 100,000 people over the same period.
A study found that only about one in four children with hypertension had been previously diagnosed, highlighting the need for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies
Patients with Medicaid and those lacking insurance have a higher risk of being diagnosed with advanced-stage laryngeal cancer at diagnosis. This association holds true across various demographic groups, emphasizing the importance of access to healthcare for cancer screening and treatment.