Articles tagged with Cell Pathology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study published in Brain Pathology found elevated levels of tau protein in the brains of people with ALS who carry a mutation in the C9orf72 gene. The researchers also identified new genetic mutations in the tau gene and discovered that the ratio of different forms of tau protein may be an indicator of disease progression.
A new study on Bardet-Biedl syndrome reveals that defective primary cilia can broadcast signals that worsen symptoms, including kidney problems and intellectual disabilities. Cilia play a crucial role in regulating intercellular communication, and their malfunctioning is responsible for various inherited disorders.
A new study investigates the effects of cord blood cell transplantation and curcumin administration on Tay-Sachs disease. The results show an increase in enzyme production and a decrease in inflammation after transplantation, as well as improved symptoms and reduced GM2 ganglioside levels when combined with curcumin.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have identified γTuRC as a centriole stabilizer, revealing its role in maintaining centriole stability and preventing microcephaly. The study's findings suggest that defects in γTuRC may contribute to various human diseases, including adolescent scoliosis and male infertility.
DZNE researchers found that viral molecules facilitate the intercellular spreading of protein aggregates, which are hallmarks of brain diseases like Alzheimer's. The presence of viral ligands increases protein aggregate spreading between cells, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration.
Researchers have developed chimeric exosomes that co-activate the immune system to combat tumors. The therapy targets solid tumors, where the immune cells are often compromised, and improves treatment outcomes for patients.
Researchers created tiny human midbrain-like organoids that mimic the major pathological features of Parkinson's disease. These organoids enable scientists to study how the human brain develops and communicates, providing insights into the progression of the disease and potential new treatments.
Researchers have created brain organoids from people with 16p11.2 genomic variations, which exhibit differences in brain size seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The study revealed new information about molecular mechanisms that malfunction when this region is disrupted, providing opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
A new study has found that the absence of Aire protein in mice leads to fertility problems similar to those affecting men with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS-1). Researchers discovered that Aire-dependent central tolerance plays a critical role in maintaining male fertility.
Researchers developed a new system to track tumor cell evolution and identify resistant cells, which can be used to test treatment effectiveness. The system, ClonMapper, allows for high-resolution study of clonal dynamics during tumor evolution and treatment.
Researchers have determined the structure of human leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (hBLT1), a protein involved in inflammation and disease. The analysis reveals how the receptor recognizes its binding partners and interacts with them, opening up avenues for designing better drugs.
Researchers discovered that skin fibroblasts from FTD patients exhibit pathological RNA foci, p62 protein-containing vesicles, and defective energy metabolism, which could lead to the development of novel biomarkers and treatments. These findings may also be useful in testing drug effects on FTD patients.
Researchers have identified a brain enzyme that activates dormant neural stem cells, enabling them to proliferate and generate new neurons. The study found that the enzyme Pr-set7 plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability and regulating cell cycle, leading to reactivation of neural stem cells.
Researchers have identified brain cells most susceptible to Alzheimer's disease, which could lead to targeted treatments to boost the brain's resilience. The study found that RORB-expressing neurons are among the first to die in the disease, accumulating tau tangles earlier than neighboring cells.
A study published in Scientific Reports reveals a significant rise in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases and mortality rates in Japan between 2005 and 2014. The incidence rate increased by an average of 6.4% per year, with the most prominent increase seen among individuals over 70 years old.
Researchers at Lund University have developed a 3D model of human hippocampal tissue from induced pluripotent stem cells, allowing for the study of early cellular dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The study found that patient-specific pathology differs between individuals with extreme symptomatology.
Researchers have mapped out cell types behind various brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease, indicating that the disease may start in the gut. Oligodendrocytes were found to be affected early on, suggesting they play a key role in the early stages of the disease.
A recent study by Professor Michael Schrader and his team has explored the impact of peroxisome alterations on disease. The researchers found that defects in peroxisomal dynamics and division can lead to metabolic disorders, including developmental and neurological abnormalities.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University developed a new method to diagnose frailty using metabolomics and identified key biomarkers in the blood. The study found that 22 blood metabolites correlate with frailty, cognitive impairment, and hypomobility, offering potential for early diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers found that cells from children with NGLY1 deficiency lack sufficient water channel proteins called aquaporins, leading to inability to produce tears and other wide-ranging symptoms. The discovery opens new avenues for finding therapies to treat the disorder.
A new AI algorithm, ConvPath, uses artificial intelligence to classify cell types and quantify spatial distributions in tumor tissue. This allows pathologists to obtain accurate cancer cell analysis in a faster way.
A new study using single-cell analysis of brain cells from autism patients found that specific genetic changes in neural cells and brain circuits correlate with the clinical severity of autism. The research identified autism-specific genes that could represent high-priority targets for new therapeutic treatments.
A recent study by George Washington University researchers found a connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and cortical under-connectivity and cognitive impairment in DiGeorge/22q11 Deletion Syndrome. Restoration of mitochondrial function through antioxidant therapy restored connectivity and behavioral deficits.
The study analyzed 26 widely-used protein disorder prediction methods and found that they vary noticeably in performance. This thorough comparison provides valuable insights for protein scientists to make informed choices about which programs to use.
Researchers found that a vegan-based fasting diet reduced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathology in mice by changing their gut microbiota. The diet, known as the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD), increased stem cell numbers and stimulated protective gut microbiota, leading to reduced intestinal inflammation.
Researchers reveal that dendritic cell partnership with CD4 T cells is crucial for disease development in both diseases, offering new insights into treatment options. The study also highlights the importance of targeting multiple pathways to treat patients with these immunological disorders.
A study led by Adam Wende found an underlying mechanism that reprograms the hearts of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, altering cellular remodeling and metabolism. The researchers identified epigenetic changes that encode a 'metabolic plasticity' in failing hearts, which may repair the ischemic and failing heart.
A study by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that misfolded α-syn proteins embedded in brain cells cause different Parkinson's-related disorders, depending on the type of cell. The researchers discovered a distinct strain of α-syn protein, which is 1,000-fold more potent in causing disease in animal models.
Researchers discovered that the stress gene NR4A1 adjusts energy output and synapse number of prefrontal cortex neurons in response to stress. Chronic stress may interfere with normal brain circuit function through this gene's impact on cellular connectivity, but altering its expression protects PFC cells from synaptic loss.
Optic nerve hypoplasia is a leading cause of childhood blindness in developed nations, and researchers have discovered the biological mechanism behind it. The condition affects brain growth during development, particularly with the CASK gene, which helps provide architectural support for neuronal communication.
Researchers develop a new spectrometer to analyze single living cells in situ, providing mechanical and chemical maps of the system. The study reveals that oncogene expression causes significant softening in cells, making them more invasive.
Researchers discovered a single amino acid switch in the CX3CR1 receptor as a potential marker for predicting schizophrenia and autism. The variant affects microglia function and could lead to predictive diagnostics, offering new hope for asymptomatic patient screening.
Researchers at Duke-NUS Medical School have identified a critical role of spindle matrix proteins in regulating neural stem cell reactivation and proliferation. This discovery could lead to potential stem cell-based therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders, such as microcephaly and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers used stem cells from patients with Angelman syndrome to identify the underlying cellular defects that cause the disorder. They found that brain cells fail to mature, disrupting synaptic connections critical for learning and cognitive development.
Researchers discovered that excess tau protein damages brain's GPS, leading to spatial disorientation and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. The findings may lead to early diagnostic tests and novel targets for treating this common symptom.
A complex of genes regulating epigenetic mechanisms is linked to premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a condition affecting 2-5% of women of reproductive age. Dysregulated expression of these genes suggests abnormal cellular response to sex hormones, which may hold hope for improved treatment.
A recent study suggests that an enzyme deficiency in Krabbe's disease could contribute to mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The protective myelin coating around nerve cells is compromised due to galactosylceramidase deficiency, a condition with currently no cure.
Researchers identified a new hormone, asprosin, generated by fat, which instructs the liver to release glucose into the blood stream. This discovery could lead to a new treatment for type 2 diabetes through immunologic sequestration.
Researchers have developed a new technology to examine gene expression in single cells, shedding light on the molecular causes of rare diseases. The study found highly variable and different gene expression patterns in single cells, even in the same organ.
The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles has received a $7.1 million grant from the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine to develop an 'off-the-shelf' cellular therapy for enteric neuropathies, which affect the digestive system. The goal is to create nerve cells from human induced pluripotent cells to tr...
A lamprey monoclonal antibody specifically targets human plasma cells, exhibiting potential for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in treating multiple myeloma. This unique tool offers new avenues for research into plasma cell disorders.
Researchers discovered a new class of common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) caused by IKAROS gene mutations, enabling definitive genetic diagnosis and potential personalized treatment. The study found six unrelated families sharing similar symptoms and changes in the same gene, highlighting the need for early intervention.
Researchers have identified a novel drug target for treating Rett Syndrome and other forms of autism-spectrum disorders. By increasing KCC2 function in diseased nerve cells, the treatment may alleviate symptoms and improve brain development.
Recurrent Strep A infections may lead to autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders in children through a previously unknown route. Immune cells triggered by the infection travel along odor-sensing neurons to reach the brain, causing inflammation and promoting neuroinflammation.
Researchers discovered that children with autism spectrum disorder exhibit a unique sniffing pattern when exposed to pleasant or unpleasant odors, allowing for accurate classification with high accuracy. The study suggests that olfactory tests could be used as an early indicator of ASD, potentially leading to more effective intervention.
MIT researchers discovered a neural circuit that underlies approach-avoidance conflict, a type of decision-making that elicits anxiety. By manipulating this circuit in rodents, they showed that it can transform preferences for lower-risk choices into those for bigger payoffs despite their costs.
Researchers found that nerve cells act as barriers or guides to position themselves correctly, creating a map for other cells to follow. This study uncovers an exciting new mechanism for how nerve cells position themselves in the first place, with important implications for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.
A nationwide study found that platelet transfusions in rare blood cell disorders increase the risk of arterial clots and mortality. For thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), these transfusions are associated with a fivefold to sixfold increase in death odds.
Despite global improvements in life expectancy, death rates for certain causes such as drug use disorders, liver cancer, and chronic kidney disease have increased since 1990. Global life expectancy has risen by 5.8 years in men and 6.6 years in women between 1990 and 2013, according to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
Researchers have discovered ferroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis that occurs in various pathological conditions. Ferroptosis inhibitors, such as Liproxstatin-1, offer novel therapeutic opportunities to mitigate diseases previously thought to be untreatable.
A study reveals that distinct genetic mutations in neurodevelopmental disorders produce similar molecular effects, suggesting a one-size-fits-all therapeutic approach may be effective for conditions like seizures and ADHD. The research identifies shared molecular pathways involved in these diseases, providing new insights into their ca...
A team of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has developed new cell culture and mouse models to test immunotherapy for Parkinson's disease. By targeting distorted alpha-synuclein proteins, they prevented pathology development and reversed some effects of existing disease.
Marina Cavazzana and Adrian Thrasher have been honored with the Pioneer Award for basic and clinical gene therapy for immunodeficiency disorders. They are pioneers in treating life-threatening inherited diseases of the immune system with gene therapy, using a patient's own modified stem cells.
A crucial amino acid signal regulates centrosome duplication and its absence leads to pathologically altered cells found in people with microcephaly. This discovery sheds light on the development of this neurodevelopmental disorder.
Researchers tested a drug that acts like growth-promoting protein BDNF and found it reduces degeneration and motor deficits in two mouse models of Huntington's disease. The findings suggest drugs that enhance BDNF action could be effective therapeutics for treating the disorder.
The Stanford team found that the 'hot exciton effect' does not exist, contradicting widely accepted scientific theory. Instead, they suggest that disorder at the molecular level may play a key role in separating electron-hole pairs, leading to improved energy efficiency.
Researchers establish proof-of-principal for silencing extra chromosome 21 in cells, advancing translational research and surmounting major obstacle to 'chromosome therapy'. This breakthrough paves the way for studying cell pathologies and identifying genome-wide pathways implicated in Down syndrome.
Researchers at UC San Diego used a newly discovered function of an old drug to restore cell communications in a mouse model of autism, reversing symptoms. The findings suggest that correcting abnormalities in a mouse is a long way from a cure for humans but offer encouragement to test this approach in a small clinical trial.
A large-scale genetic study has identified four shared genetic risk loci across five major psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The findings suggest that a new classification system based on underlying causes may be possible in the future.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine developed a new animal model that replicates the transmission of tau pathology, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. The study demonstrates that synthetic tau fibrils can induce authentic neurofibrillary tangles and initiate disease progression in mice.