Articles tagged with Immune System
A study by UMSOM researchers found that nearly 31% of patients on ventilators in Maryland hospitals harbored Acinetobacter baumannii, while nearly 7% carried Candida auris. The study highlights the need for improved infection control measures to contain the spread of these pathogens, which pose a significant risk to vulnerable patients.
Researchers at UCSF found a feedback loop between immune protein IL-31 and nerve cells, which dials back nearby inflammation and promotes skin healing. This discovery could lead to new treatments for conditions like eczema, allergies, and asthma by targeting the nervous system's role in regulating the immune response.
A groundbreaking study sheds light on the intricate mechanism behind the immune system's ability to differentiate between self and non-self antigens. Continuous activation of self-reactive T cells is essential for maintaining equilibrium and self-tolerance through regulatory T cells.
Researchers developed a nanocapsule that reduces lactate levels and releases hydrogen peroxide, recruiting and activating immune cells to attack tumors. The approach increased immune cell activity by 2-5-fold, improving cancer immunotherapy success rates.
Researchers from the University of Virginia Health System have made significant discoveries about the genetic influences on fatty acid metabolism in diverse populations. The study found broad similarities among groups but also notable differences, highlighting the need for genetic studies in diverse groups.
Scientists have discovered a TB vaccination strategy that prevents lung infection in monkeys infected with SIV, despite the vaccine being contraindicated for people living with HIV. The results show promise for protecting people with HIV against TB, which is the leading cause of death among them.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst team demonstrates a protein antigen from a childhood vaccine can be delivered into malignant tumor cells to refocus the immune system against cancer. The bacteria-based intracellular delivering system shows promise in treating pancreatic, liver, and metastatic breast tumors.
A new cancer drug candidate has been found to restore the effectiveness of the immune system in fighting tumors, including melanoma, bladder cancer, leukemia, and colon cancer. The drug works by lowering a toxic compound called MTA, which impairs normal functioning of immune cells and blocks immunotherapies.
Researchers identified the integration site pattern of lentiviral gene therapies in patient cells, shedding light on treatment safety and efficacy. The study found that integration near nuclear pores is associated with improved safety and effectiveness, avoiding oncogene regions where earlier technologies failed.
A new study reveals that immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants depends on previous exposure and vaccination history. The research found significant differences in immune responses to various variants, highlighting the need for personalized vaccine approaches.
Researchers have developed a human vascular organoid model that accurately mimics the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2, revealing clues for a potential COVID-19 treatment. The study identified a long-acting monoclonal antibody targeting factor D as a promising approach to mitigate severe vascular damage and thrombosis associated with COVID-19.
Researchers developed a promising strategy to reduce adverse reactions to nanoparticles by using complement inhibitors. The study showed that regulators being studied effectively inhibited complement activation by nanoparticles in human serum in vitro and animal models.
A phase 1/2 study shows that a stem cell-derived islet therapy has improved blood sugar control in all six adult patients with type 1 diabetes. Three patients achieved insulin independence and showed sustained improvements in blood glucose levels.
Researchers discovered a cell signaling pathway that allows effector memory T cells to drive innate cytokine storms in autoimmune diseases. Targeting the STING pathway may prevent inflammation chain reactions, offering new hope for treating conditions like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers identified PUCH, a novel enzyme that produces small molecules called piRNAs to detect and prevent parasitic DNA from replicating in our genomes. This discovery sheds light on how our immune system works and may have implications for understanding innate immunity.
Researchers have developed a new approach to treating invasive bladder cancer, combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy, which may preserve quality of life. In a phase 2 clinical trial, approximately 43% of patients achieved complete response without surgical removal of the bladder.
Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University have created a new polymer that can effectively transport plasmid DNA into T-cells during CAR T-cell therapy. The polymer, called PAMAM-G2-Gu, is stable, non-toxic, and doesn't use viruses, making it a promising candidate for next-gen gene carriers.
Researchers from Karolinska Institutet challenge the hygiene hypothesis by showing that mice with high infectious exposures have a similar ability to develop allergic immune responses as laboratory mice. Despite this, they developed strong signs of pathological inflammation and allergic responses when exposed to allergens.
A Boston University-led study identified genetic signatures of TB-susceptible and TB-resistant macrophages, leading to a new approach to tweak the immune system to fight the disease. The research could lead to therapies targeting host immunity to tuberculosis.
A new biomimetic chip has been developed to simulate the human gastric mucosa, combining organoid and organ-on-a-chip technologies. The biochip replicates mechanical stimulation and cell-to-cell interactions, mimicking key features of the human stomach's defense mechanisms.
Research finds that immune cells in older adults are similar to those in newborns and children, but less effective at recognizing infected cells. The study, published in Nature Immunology, suggests that tailored vaccines and therapies could be developed for different age groups based on the unique characteristics of killer T cells.
Researchers have developed a peptide vaccine targeting a specific mutation in the histone protein H3K27M, common in diffuse midline gliomas. The vaccine induced immune responses in patients and led to tumor regression in some cases.
Researchers found that beta-blockers can revive exhausted killer T cells, making them better cancer fighters. The study discovered a link between the sympathetic stress response and immune system response to cancer.
Researchers found that training the gut's immune system to target flagellin, a protein enabling bacterial motility, protects against emulsifier-induced chronic intestinal inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. This study suggests a potential new approach for preventing inflammatory conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
A new study found that only one out of four recommended screening tools for sepsis is reliable, with NEWS-2 accurately predicting 72.2% of all sepsis cases. The study also highlights the need for better awareness and more frequent use of effective screening tools to improve early sepsis recognition and survival rates.
A team of scientists has developed a method to detect thousands of lipid molecules displayed to T cells in the human immune system. The study reveals rules about lipid size, shape, and chemical content that influence T cell responses.
Researchers at UW–Madison and Stanford University developed a new approach to increase donor and recipient biocompatibility, inducing tolerance in transplanted kidneys. Two monkeys with just one match among key protein strings maintained chimeric immune systems for over four years without rejection or graft-versus-host disease.
The Mount Sinai Hospital received a $13 million NIH grant to create vaccines that can protect against various types of coronaviruses. The project aims to develop variant-proof, universal vaccines that offer broad protection against existing and future SARS-CoV-2 variants, pandemic, zoonotic, and seasonal coronaviruses.
Babies with more mature gut microbiota at one year old are less likely to develop allergy-related wheeze or asthma. The study, which followed 1074 babies from birth to four years old, found that increased maturity of the gut microbiota was associated with a lower risk of these conditions.
Researchers developed nanoparticles that accumulate in cancer cells and eliminate them after photoactivation, also labeling immune cells to target similar cells throughout the body. This technology has shown promise in treating mice with implanted human tumor cells and could lead to a new treatment approach for metastatic cancers.
Researchers at the Babraham Institute have discovered that the 3D organisation of DNA in B cells allows for genes far away from each other to come together during antibody generation. This finding has implications for understanding why antibody diversity declines with age and suggests potential interventions.
Researchers discovered that immune cells create local gradients by consuming chemokines, guiding their movement and enhancing directional movement in complex environments. This finding increases understanding of coordinated immune responses and may reveal new strategies for targeting cancer
Researchers at UNIST developed a microfluidic system to process blood into artificial tissue scaffolds for vascular regeneration. Autologous blood-based implants demonstrated superior wound closure rates, increased epidermis thickness, and enhanced collagen deposition in rodent skin wounds.
Researchers discover compound Urolithin A restores mitochondrial function in hematopoietic stem cells, rejuvenating blood reconstitution capability and improving immune system function. The study shows promising results in aging mice, paving the way for potential interventions targeting age-related health conditions.
Researchers found that patients' immune systems play a vital role in determining the duration of remission from multiple myeloma. Sustained minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity is associated with prolonged survival, with patients achieving MRD negativity for at least two years remaining free from multiple myeloma 10 years later.
Researchers at UC Riverside have discovered a new cell type in the thymus that is similar to M cells found in the gut and airways. The newly discovered cells are like gatekeepers, acting as antigen-delivery cells for the immune system in organs such as the intestine and lung.
A study by Mass General Brigham researchers found that patients with rheumatic diseases who developed long COVID were more likely to have expanded, pro-inflammatory antibodies specific to a coronavirus that causes the common cold. The team identified OC43 as a potential biomarker for long COVID.
A team of Chinese and UK researchers has identified superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) as a potential target for reversing drug resistance in ovarian cancer. By using nanoparticles to deliver siRNA that reduces SOD1 levels, the study showed reduced growth and decreased resistance to cisplatin in female mice.
Scientists at CeMM and Max Perutz Labs have reclassified approximately 200 rare immune system disorders using a network-based approach. The study reveals strong similarities between rare diseases and autoimmune conditions, enabling the prediction of treatment efficacy and personalized approaches for diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers aim to identify genetic risk factors and mechanisms underlying virus-induced asthma, using artificial intelligence-based techniques and patient-derived models. The study may lead to personalized prevention campaigns and mechanism-targeted drugs.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have found that weightlessness affects T cells in astronauts' immune systems, making them less effective at fighting infections. The study's results could lead to new treatments for reversing these changes.
Research identifies immunosuppressed individuals with lower antibody prevalence after three or more COVID-19 vaccine doses, highlighting increased vulnerability to severe infection. The MELODY study found that around one in five people with compromised immune systems had no COVID-19 antibodies.
Researchers found that vaccines against tetanus, diphtheria, and shingles, as well as pneumococcus, may reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease by 25-30% in adults over 65. Vaccination is hypothesized to change how the immune system responds to toxic proteins contributing to Alzheimer’s disease.
A new study found that around one in five people with compromised immune systems have no COVID-19 antibodies after three or more vaccinations. The MELODY study identified specific groups at higher risk of not producing antibodies, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and booster vaccines.
Researchers have developed an oncolytic virus that can 'warm up' cold tumors and improve immunotherapy outcomes. The virus was engineered to carry a gene encoding a TGF-β inhibitor, which greatly increased survival rates in mice with aggressive melanoma and other cancers.
Researchers found that sequential vaccinations given in the same arm generated a stronger immune response than those administered in different arms. This is particularly true for cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
A new approach to immunotherapy has shown long-term survival rates exceeding 50% in children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Stem cell transplantation from a parent provides a renewed immune system that responds better to immunotherapies, improving outcomes.
A new adjuvanted intranasal vaccine has shown promise in protecting both young and old mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccine combines an RNA-based molecule with a nanoemulsion, resulting in a strong immune response.
A new study has found that children raised in rural areas with plenty of outdoor time and animal exposure develop better-regulated immune systems than urban counterparts. Early life immune development is highly dependent on living environment and lifestyle factors, and researchers say this can have long-term consequences for disease risk.
A University of Ottawa-led research team has made significant progress in understanding XLP-2, a genetic disorder that affects the immune system. The study reveals two underlying mechanisms: poor expression of Interleukin-6 and compromised T cell survival, which lead to immunodeficiency in patients.
Researchers developed a peptoid-based therapy that effectively inactivates three enveloped viruses, including Zika, Rift Valley fever and chikungunya virus, by disrupting their membranes. The approach targets specific lipids, allowing for preferential attack on the invader rather than the host.
A new study found that individuals vaccinated with the newer pertussis vaccine show similar immune responses to antigens present and absent from the vaccine, suggesting that asymptomatic infections drive T cell response. This could lead to the spread of the bacteria to vulnerable populations.
A study by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory researchers found that breast cancer cells trick the immune system using a molecule called MHC-II, allowing them to spread faster and evade treatment. Targeting this molecule may lead to new therapeutics and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System discovered that improper calcium signaling in mitochondria accelerates chronic inflammation, leading to age-related conditions. Increasing calcium uptake in macrophages may help prevent harmful inflammation and its effects on the brain.
A study reveals that specific bacteria drive the evolution of antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila, providing insights into how host immune systems adapt to new ecological niches. The findings also suggest a new model for AMP-microbiome evolution.
Scientists discovered two peptides in fruit flies that specifically target common bacteria, showing how the immune system evolves to combat threats. This research provides insights into human susceptibility to infections and may lead to new approaches to fighting antibiotic-resistant infections.
Researchers have developed ultra-small and flexible probes that can record single-neuron activity deep within the brains of rats, eliminating the need for invasive surgery. The devices were implanted through blood vessels with no significant impact on brain function or behavior.
Researchers identify key protein interactions that control the body's immune response during liver transplantation, leading to improved transplant survival rates. The study found that a specific communication pathway between CEACAM1 and TIM-3 proteins plays a crucial role in controlling the immune response.
The placenta forms an unusual organ that requires unique cooperation between genetically mismatched maternal and fetal cells. Researchers have mapped the intricate dance between trophoblasts and the mother's immune system, shedding light on how to develop new treatments for pregnancy complications like preeclampsia and miscarriages.
Researchers used a new method to study PFAS's impact on immune cells, finding that they significantly reduced T-cell activity and impaired the function of certain immune cells. This could lead to increased susceptibility to infections and reduced antibody production after vaccinations.