Articles tagged with Radiology
The American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) named Dr. Sarah Kamel of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital and Dr. Ankur Goyal of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences as Melvin Figley and Lee Rogers Fellows in Radiology Journalism, respectively. They will receive expert instruction in scientific writing and communication through the...
Dual-energy CT (DECT) metrics provide insight into physiologic changes after lung cancer surgery, beyond PFTs and conventional CT. Lung perfusion ratio increases were greater after lobectomy than limited resection.
An AI-based model has been developed to assist radiologists in detecting and identifying leadless implanted electronic devices (LLIEDs) on chest X-ray images. The model achieved high detection and classification accuracy, even with suboptimal image quality, and showed promise for real-world deployment.
A study published in American Journal of Roentgenology found that a PACS tool improved completion rates of clinically necessary follow-up imaging. The tool identified socioeconomically disadvantaged patients at increased risk of failure, and referrer agreements played a crucial role in improving recommendations.
A deep learning algorithm trained on adult populations shows improved sensitivity for diagnosing thyroid nodules in children, with higher accuracy than traditional ACR TI-RADS. The study suggests the potential benefits of this new approach for evaluating thyroid nodules in younger patients.
A study by the Radiological Society of North America found that health insurance companies often pay more than necessary for radiology services, leading to higher premiums and out-of-pocket costs. The study also suggests that radiologists can play a key role in delivering high-quality, low-cost care to patients.
A new report from a joint task force recommends improved access to interventional radiologists in small and rural areas. The task force focused on strategies for recruitment and retention, including training opportunities, financial models, and community development.
A study of over 4 million claims found that Black women had less access to new mammography technology, even when receiving mammograms at the same institution. The disparities in digital breast tomosynthesis use among Black and white women began to subside after 2016.
Researchers have developed a novel, non-invasive way to measure blood flow to the brains of newborn children at the bedside. This method uses real-time ultrasound color flow technique and 3D sampling to capture flow in a completely painless and safe manner.
A study using gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI found associations between imaging characteristics and hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) subtypes. The algorithm identified common HCA subtypes with high accuracy, including β-catenin exon 3 mutations.
A new study found that fewer Asian, Black, and Hispanic patients qualify for anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody treatments, which may slow Alzheimer's progression. The treatment's effectiveness depends on the presence of amyloid plaques, with lower incidence in minorities.
A study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that large specialized referral centers for complex IVC filter retrievals achieved a 100% success rate and low adverse event rates. Prolonged filter dwell time was identified as an independent predictor of adverse events.
A prospective multicenter case-control study found that third-trimester fetuses exposed to opioids in utero exhibited smaller brain biometric measurements and altered fetal physiology. The study suggests a possible link between prenatal opioid exposure and postnatal clinical outcomes.
A prospective study found that patient decision aids improve patients' self-perceived understanding of image-guided procedures and satisfaction with the consent conversation. Patients who received a PDA before their visit reported significantly greater understanding and felt more listened to by their clinician.
The contrast-enhanced in-phase Dixon sequence demonstrated higher sensitivity and reader confidence for detecting breast biopsy clips on MRI. The sequence also showed a higher contrast-to-noise ratio without affecting positive predictive value.
A study found that trained radiographers perform as well as radiologists in key areas of double reading mammograms, improving cancer detection rates. The results suggest that focused training and experience are key factors in reader performance, not just medical degree or broad radiology education.
A new AI tool has been developed to detect pancreatic cancer on CT scans with high accuracy, achieving 90% sensitivity and 96% specificity. The tool's performance is comparable to that of radiologists, offering a promising supplement for early detection and improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center found that metabolic imaging, combined with traditional treatment response assessment methods, can provide critical information to guide therapy for pancreatic cancer patients. The use of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) tracer adds significant pr...
Researchers evaluated 35 commercial breast biopsy markers for ultrasound color Doppler twinkling, finding that three markers exhibited actionable twinkling for ≥2 transducers. Higher surface roughness was associated with actionable twinkling in C1-6 and 9L transducers.
A large retrospective study found that visceral fat area from fully automated and normalized abdominal CT analysis predicts subsequent myocardial infarction or stroke in Black and White patients. The study suggests that body composition analysis using machine learning could be widely adopted to add prognostic utility to clinical practice.
The study found a significant increase in the use of single-encounter thoracoabdominopelvic CT examinations and minor injuries between 2011-18. In commercially insured patients, rates rose from 3.4 to 9.8 for single-encounter thoracoabdominopelvic CT per 1,000 trauma-related ED encounters.
A proof-of-concept study developed three machine learning models to predict posttreatment recurrence in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The models achieved high accuracy using imaging data alone, while combining clinical data did not significantly improve performance.
A study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that combining deep-learning reconstruction with a subtraction technique yielded optimal diagnostic performance for detecting in-stent restenosis by coronary CT angiography. This approach reduced radiation exposure while maintaining high image quality.
Researchers developed a blood test tool that predicts patient outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI), with 87% accuracy for predicting death and 86% for predicting severe disability. The tests are diagnostic and prognostic, easy to administer, swift, and inexpensive.
A study found that electronic health record (EHR) order entry-based interventions significantly reduced contrast-enhanced CT utilization within a large health system during the global iodinated contrast media shortage. The number of patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT examinations per day decreased by 12.0%, and the number of orde...
A retrospective study found that patients with multiple architectural distortions on digital breast tomosynthesis were more likely to have high-risk pathology, but not significantly different frequencies of malignancy. Biopsy of all areas may be warranted for these patients.
A retrospective study of molecular breast imaging (MBI) findings suggests that the MBI lexicon's lesion descriptors can inform interpretation and guide the incorporation into the BI-RADS Atlas. The study found high positivity rates for malignancy among mass lesions, those with marked uptake intensity, and certain distribution patterns.
A retrospective study found an AI algorithm for detecting incidental pulmonary embolus (iPE) on contrast-enhanced chest CT examinations had high NPV and moderate PPV, even identifying iPEs missed by radiologists. The tool's diagnostic performance did not show significant variation across study subgroups.
Researchers have created a noninvasive method to identify tumors causing hypertension by reducing radiation exposure. The new fluorine-based agent replaces an iodine-based agent and may allow for screening of patients with hypertension-linked aldosterone adenomas.
The American Journal of Roentgenology has dramatically increased its impact factor from 3.959 to 6.582 in 2021, according to Journal Citation Reports. The journal's new ranking places it in the 83rd percentile in the Radiology category, reflecting the high quality of work by authors and reviewers.
Researchers found brain ripples in all areas of the human cortex, synchronizing distant elements of memory upon recollection. The ripples involve brief, high-frequency oscillations that promote neural interactions and potentially support interaction between distant locations.
A multicenter study found that radiologists can accurately diagnose rickets and classic metaphyseal lesions (CMLs) with high interobserver agreement and diagnostic performance. The study highlighted the importance of considering age factors in diagnosis, as CMLs mostly occur in children younger than 6 months.
The global contrast media shortage has affected millions of diagnostic imaging examinations and requires immediate attention. Researchers propose several methods to conserve contrast media, including weight-based dosing and adjusting CT settings.
A 5-tiered CT scoring algorithm, including mass-to-cortex corticomedullary attenuation ratio and heterogeneity score, showed substantial inter-observer agreement and moderate diagnostic accuracy for clear-cell RCC. The algorithm may represent a clinically useful tool for diagnosis in small solid renal masses.
Researchers used CT and MRI perfusion techniques to analyze 19 patients with successful free flap reconstruction and five with wound failure. The study found that both methods showed significant differences between the two patient groups. Early postoperative scans could help surgeons intervene earlier, potentially reducing hospital stays.
The American College of Radiology has issued risk mitigation guidance to help healthcare institutions conserve contrast media supplies amid a global shortage. Two healthcare systems, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the University of North Carolina, have implemented strategies that reduced their contrast use by at least 50%.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found significant disparities in breast biopsy delays among non-white women, with Black women experiencing the longest delays. Structural racism within healthcare facilities and screening site-specific factors contribute to these disparities.
A prospective study compared CEM and MRI for NAT response assessment in patients with breast cancer. CEM yielded comparable assessments of lesion size and RECIST categories as MRI, but with lower sensitivity for pathologic complete response. Delayed CEM acquisition detected residual ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
The article provides guidance on alternative imaging methods for interventional radiology procedures, including the use of intravascular ultrasound, alternative contrast agents such as gadolinium and carbon dioxide, and case prioritization strategies to optimize available supplies. The authors recommend creating a priority matrix and h...
A new study led by UCSF found that routine screening for and removal of precancerous anal lesions can significantly reduce the risk of anal cancer. The study, known as ANCHOR Study, showed a 57% reduction in anal cancer among people with HIV who underwent treatment for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).
A new study published in JAMA found that digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) may reduce the chance of an advanced cancer diagnosis for women with the densest breasts and highest risk, but not all women. DBT had additional advantages for women with specific risk profiles, including a higher rate of detection of small invasive breast canc...
A prospective randomized study found that an AI support platform reduced chest CT interpretation times by 22.1%, saving approximately one hour per day for radiologists. The platform provided automated analysis of cardiac, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal findings, resulting in shorter interpretation times.
Researchers at Emory University treated eight patients with chronic nerve pain using a technique called interventional cryoneurolysis, which uses imaging guidance to freeze damaged nerves and promote regeneration. The study found significant improvements in pain symptoms, with six patients experiencing dramatic reductions in pain scores.
Researchers found that nearly 80% of women with blocked fallopian tubes could conceive naturally after a simple diagnostic procedure and treatment, called selective salpingography and fallopian tube recanalization. The study suggests that this treatment could provide clarity on infertility and offer a life-changing option for many women.
A small study found that an experimental hydrogel injection into spinal discs significantly reduced chronic low back pain and improved physical function. The gel, known as Hydrafil, is easy to administer with no open surgery required, offering a promising treatment for degenerative disc disease.
A cross-sectional study found a strong association between ultrasound-derived fat fraction (UDFF) and MRI proton-density fat fraction (PDFF), providing high sensitivity for detecting hepatic steatosis. The study showed that UDFF had an AUC of 0.90 for identifying PDFF ≥5.5%.
A single-center study found lower pneumonia frequency and severity in fully vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated patients. The study included 467 patients who underwent chest CT during hospitalization for symptomatic COVID-19, with significant reductions in pneumonia frequency and severity observed in those fully vaccinated.
Adding diffusion-weighted MRI to conventional MRI enhances the differentiation of locally recurrent tumor and post-surgical fibrosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resection. The study found higher sensitivity with DWI, facilitating earlier detection of recurrences.
A study suggests that lung ultrasounds performed by primary care physicians can accurately diagnose community-acquired pneumonia with high specificity. This could allow for direct antibiotic prescribing, saving time and money for patients and reducing X-ray radiation.
A new computer-aided diagnostic tool, Deep-Lung Parenchyma-Enhancing (DLPE), uses artificial intelligence to reveal signs of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID long-haulers, helping to explain respiratory symptoms and improve disease management.
A study published in AJR found that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination-induced axillary lymphadenopathy resolves after a mean of 97 days. Longer resolution times were observed with Moderna vaccination, receipt of second doses, and thicker cortical thickness at presentation.
The QUSTom project aims to develop a new medical imaging modality using ultrasound and supercomputing, improving breast cancer diagnosis and potentially replacing mammograms. The technology will offer superior image quality and better tumor monitoring, while being completely safe for patients.
Researchers identified peaks in assault-related injury visits to emergency departments, with Saturday and Sunday being the most common days of the week. The study found higher rates of injuries during spring and winter months, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies and resource planning.
The American Journal of Roentgenology has published best practices for managing an iodinated contrast media (ICM) shortage in radiology practices. To mitigate the shortage, practice leaders should prioritize examination findings and reduce overall ICM usage.
The ARRS annual meeting provides an updated primer on imaging ballistic injuries, which helps guide radiologists' interpretation. This includes understanding mechanisms of ballistic trauma and injury patterns to aid in diagnosis and treatment.
The study compared lung perfusion scans during COVID-19 (April 2020 to July 2021) to pre-COVID V/Q scans (December 2018 to March 2020) in a large tertiary care teaching hospital. The results showed a 30% decline in overall lung scans performed during the pandemic.
A recent study presented at the 2022 ARRS Annual Meeting found that COVID-19 infection significantly impacted lung cancer screening in diverse inner-city populations. The research revealed that approximately 9% of participants developed COVID-19 during the pandemic, with mortality rates reaching 6.9%.
Dr. Gary J. Whitman, MD of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, has been appointed as the 122nd President of the American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS). He succeeds Jonathan Kruskal, MD, PhD, and will serve for the next year.
A retrospective study found high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing coronary artery calcium on contrast-enhanced and non-contrast chest CT. The visual ordinal assessment of CAC has prognostic utility, identifying patients at higher risk of cardiovascular events.
A team of researchers developed a prognostic model using automated brain scans and machine learning to predict survival and recovery in severe TBI patients. The model accurately predicted risk of death and unfavorable outcomes at six months after the injury, potentially improving clinical decision-making and patient care.