Articles tagged with Melanoma Cells
Researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute discovered that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) plays a key role in how immune cells fight melanoma tumors. The study found that disrupting the NAMPT pathway impairs antitumor function, and novel therapies targeting this pathway may lead to improved outcomes for patients.
Researchers at Yale Cancer Center have advanced a tumor-targeting and cell penetrating antibody that can deliver payloads to stimulate an immune response against melanoma. The study achieved almost complete tumor suppression in mice with melanoma tumors following intravenous injection of antibody/RNA complexes.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center discovered that STING gene methylation enables melanoma cells to avoid detection by the immune system. The study suggests that reactivating STING expression through demethylating drugs or genetic approaches can restore interferon signaling and improve immunotherapy outcomes.
Researchers found a molecular link between Parkinson's disease and melanoma, with amyloid proteins α-synuclein and Pmel interacting in melanoma cells. This interaction may lead to reduced pigment production, contributing to the increased risk of melanoma in Parkinson's patients.
Researchers developed a personalized tumor cell vaccine strategy targeting Myc oncogenes combined with checkpoint therapy, creating an effective immune response. In the mouse neuroblastoma model, the vaccine showed a 75% cure rate and long-term survival.
Pre-clinical study finds NCOA3 activation contributes to melanoma development after exposure to ultraviolet light, promoting survival advantage and accumulation of DNA damage. A single nucleotide polymorphism in NCOA3 decreases protein production, increasing sensitivity to UV-mediated cell death.
A subset of T cells, known as memory T cells, can persist for years in melanoma patients with durable responses to immunotherapy. Researchers identified a new subset of resident memory (TRM) cells that localize to patient skin and tumor and make high levels of the cytokine interferon gamma.
Researchers tracked DNA changes in melanoma samples to understand how the disease progresses and develops resistance to treatment. The study revealed chaotic genetic changes that contribute to aggressive disease growth and treatment resistance, offering potential targets for new therapies.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center have developed a new technique that uncovers tricks cancer cells use to evade immunotherapies. The approach identified new mechanisms of resistance and validated existing ones, providing insights into why some melanoma patients don't respond to treatment.
A new study from Boston University School of Medicine has discovered a drug that can inhibit the growth and spread of melanoma in human cells and experimental models. The researchers found that this drug acts through a specific pathway to prevent cancer cell growth and metastasis.
Researchers found that a personalized cancer vaccine, NeoVax, stimulates a durable immune response in patients with melanoma. The study demonstrated the staying power of the immune response, which remained effective nearly four years after vaccination and expanded to recognize other proteins on tumor cells.
A new humanized mouse model has revealed a central role for mast cells in immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in melanoma. The study found that depleting mast cells improves treatment responses to anti-PD-1 therapy, suggesting a potential new approach for treating this type of cancer.
A new humanized mouse model has revealed that tumor-infiltrating mast cells are connected to immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in melanoma. Combining anti-PD-1 therapy with small molecule inhibitors able to deplete mast cells caused complete regression of tumors and prolonged survival in mice.
Researchers discovered that melanoma cells employ 'frameshifting' to starve themselves of tryptophan, a key amino acid needed for protein production. This process allows cancer cells to survive and evade T cell attacks.
A WSU study found that UV light induces new types of DNA damage that may cause malignant melanoma, supporting its role in cancer development. Researchers discovered rare mutations linked to melanoma in irradiated yeast cells, expanding previous understanding of UV damage.
Researchers found patients with a particular type of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B44 were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy in melanoma but not non-small cell lung cancer. The study identified mutations driving the different responses, paving the way for better patient stratification and potential therapy design.
Two studies found age to be a primary determinant of melanoma treatment resistance, revealing new mechanisms common in aging that contribute to melanoma spread. Researchers found that older fibroblasts upregulated FATP2 and increased fatty acid uptake, protecting melanoma cells from anti-cancer drugs.
New research suggests that vitamin B3 can protect skin cells from the effects of ultraviolet (UV) exposure. The study found that pre-treatment with nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3, reduced DNA damage and inflammation in human skin cells exposed to UVB radiation.
Researchers have discovered a subset of melanoma cells located at the edge of tumours that are highly invasive and successful at forming new tumours. These 'rounded-amoeboid' cells use a powerful signalling cascade to initiate tumour growth, offering new insights into cancer spread and treatment options.
A research team led by Marisol Soengas discovered that melanoma cells use the MIDKINE protein to evade the immune system, leading to increased resistance to immunotherapy. Blocking MIDKINE can restore normal immune function and lead to tumor attack.
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine discovered that skin cells communicate with each other through protein signals to stop growing and prevent cancer. This finding could lead to new treatment options and potentially prevent melanomas from developing in the first place.
A new study has discovered that accumulated DNA damage in skin cells can be used to estimate the risk of deadly skin cancer. Researchers sequenced DNA from individual melanocytes and found a significant number of mutations associated with melanoma, even in people without visible moles.
Researchers found that overexpression of gene BIRC2 makes cancer cells resistant to immunotherapy drugs. The study suggests that BIRC2 could be a key marker for identifying patients who may not respond to immunotherapy, paving the way for personalized treatment approaches.
A study reveals that amyloid protein alpha-synuclein found in Parkinson's brains is also present in skin cells producing melanin, modulating protein fibril formation and suggesting a molecular link between the two diseases. The discovery may explain the observed association between Parkinson's disease and melanoma.
Researchers have developed a method to investigate how cancer cells evade the immune system, revealing that some genes can be downregulated over time to avoid detection. The study suggests that targeting these genes could lead to more effective immune therapies.
Deborah Lang's research aims to discover innovative treatments for melanoma by targeting molecular pathways involved in normal cell development. The grant will support her study on the role of YAP and TAZ genes in melanoma progression.
Researchers identified an enzyme, p38α kinase, as crucial for metastasis, which is the primary cause of cancer deaths. By blocking this enzyme using an inhibitor, they successfully reduced melanoma's spread to the lungs and prolonged survival time.
A new method for predicting the evolution of melanoma uses the quantification of BRAF-V600E mutation load as a prognostic marker. The study found that patients with lower levels of this mutation in their primary tumours were more likely to develop metastasis, suggesting its potential use as a predictor of progress to metastasis.
A phase II trial shows that combining intratumoral IL-12 electroporation with pembrolizumab increases immune cell infiltration and induces clinical responses in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma, even in those with immunologically quiescent tumors.
Researchers identified 33 new regions and confirmed 21 previously reported regions linked to melanoma risk, shedding light on the immune system's role in the disease. The study also uncovered associations between melanoma and common genetic variants in the TP53 gene.
Researchers found that WDR74 protein enhances the ability of circulating tumor cells to metastasize in both lung cancer and melanoma. The protein's presence increases oncogenic properties, while its absence decreases metastatic potential.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute found that prebiotics mucin and inulin slowed melanoma growth in mice by enhancing anti-tumor immunity. The study suggests a potential benefit of prebiotics in treating cancer or augmenting current therapies.
A new method for detecting circulating tumour cells (CTCs) has been developed to improve the monitoring of cancer patients. This approach increases detection rates from 40-87% to 72%, offering a new avenue for cancer diagnosis and therapies.
Researchers at Northern Arizona University are studying zebrafish with mutated BRAF genes to develop new melanoma treatments. They aim to predict optimal drug combinations using computational models and test them in humanized zebrafish, potentially leading to new therapies within the next year or two.
Researchers found that melanoma cells secrete extracellular vesicles via the hedgehog signalling pathway, intensifying malignant properties in target cells. This discovery can help develop better treatment and diagnostics for melanoma.
A new study has identified a promising therapeutic route for combating drug-resistant skin cancer cells by targeting specific cytoskeletal proteins. Researchers found that melanoma cells use these proteins to survive and escape anti-cancer treatments, opening up new avenues for combination therapy.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health have discovered a new role for circular RNA in regulating the spread of melanoma cancers. The study found that CDR1as blocks the aggressive growth of cancer cells, while its loss promotes it. Higher levels of CDR1as were linked to increased survival rates among patients with melanoma.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have uncovered why certain melanoma cells are more likely to spread through the body. Efficient metastasizers take up more lactate due to higher levels of monocarboxylate transporter 1, allowing them to survive in the blood and promoting disease progression.
Scientists have determined the structure of the B-Raf protein, which is responsible for about 50% of melanomas. The study reveals an asymmetric organization of the complex, enabling asymmetric activation of the B-Raf dimer, a mechanism that explains the origin of paradoxical activation by small molecule inhibitors.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have developed a new platform for creating genetically engineered mice to study melanoma, which is significantly faster than the traditional approach. This new method uses chimera mouse models and chimera-derived melanoma cell lines to provide a faster way to study skin cancer.
Researchers have discovered that blocking MCL1 protein can eliminate melanoma cells more effectively, even in late-stage cancers. Combining MCL1 antagonist AZD5991 with existing treatments like vemurafenib has a 'double whammy' effect against cancer cells.
Researchers found vitamin D influences melanoma cells' behavior by slowing growth and reducing spread. This discovery could lead to new treatment approaches.
Researchers found that newly cancerous pigment stem cells migrate up and out of hair follicles to establish melanomas in nearby surface skin before spreading deeper. This discovery sheds new light on the biology of melanoma and suggests potential new ideas for treatment.
Moffitt researchers discovered that the STING protein signaling pathway induces an inflammatory response and enables immune cells to recognize human melanoma cells. Activation of STING results in production of interferon-beta and CXCL10, stimulating inflammation and immune response.
Researchers at Wistar Institute have received a major grant to further research on new melanoma targeted therapies integrating the role of the tumor microenvironment. The team aims to identify novel targets and potential inhibitors to disrupt therapy resistance in older melanoma patients.
A recent study found that malignant melanoma (MM) on the neck has a higher chance of spreading beyond the skin compared to MM below the neck. Researchers investigated 45 patients over six months and discovered that out of the 37 below neck MM patients, none had distant metastases, while two out of eight above neck MM patients did.
Researchers found that differences at the single-cell level can predict responses to BRAF inhibitor therapy, and leveraging these differences may improve patient outcomes. Maintaining a population of cells within the drug-sensitive State 1 was critical to maintaining drug sensitivity.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute developed a novel anticancer molecule targeting the MFF-VDAC1 complex to regulate mitochondrial cell death. The compound effectively delivered potent anticancer activity in preclinical models of various cancer types.
Researchers developed a new approach to diagnosing melanoma using microRNA biomarkers, achieving high sensitivity and specificity rates. The method overcomes challenges of tumor heterogeneity and improves diagnostic accuracy, potentially leading to earlier detection and better patient outcomes.
The study found that tumor heterogeneity, not mutational burden, is a key factor in determining the success of immunotherapy for melanoma patients. Researchers developed an experimental system to systematically generate tumors with intermediate levels of genetic heterogeneity, leading to a high correlation between this factor and treat...
A team of researchers from Tel Aviv University and Sheba Medical Center identified differences in the metabolism of cancer cells between responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. Higher levels of proteins associated with lipid metabolism were found in responders, leading to better recognition by the immune system.
Researchers developed a fast-acting skin patch that efficiently delivers medication to attack melanoma cells, producing nine times the antibody level compared to traditional injections. The patch technology has widespread applications for other vaccines and could be used to deliver vaccines against infectious diseases.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered that tumor cells 'hijack' an inflammatory pathway in the brain to spread melanoma, and blocking this pathway could prevent brain metastases. The study found that inhibiting the expression of a specific receptor on melanoma cells significantly inhibited the development of brain metastases.
Researchers have identified a combination therapy of MDM2 compounds and CDK4/6 inhibitors as a possible solution for overcoming resistance to these drugs in melanoma patients. The therapy was shown to reverse resistance mechanisms in multiple mouse models and human tumor slice culture assays.
A recent study published in Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research has found that genetic factors significantly influence not only the number of moles but also their location on the body. In women, the largest genetic impact is seen on the lower limbs, with a higher concentration of moles in this area compared to men.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a novel nano-vaccine for melanoma, which has proven effective in preventing the development of melanoma in mouse models and treating primary tumors. The vaccine uses nanoparticles to stimulate the immune system and attack cancer cells.
Researchers found that fat cells allow melanoma cells to penetrate the dermis and spread to vital organs. They discovered a way to block this transformation using therapies targeting cytokines and TGF beta.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have identified a new drug combination that is effective against metastatic uveal melanoma cells. The combination of an MEK inhibitor and a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, such as panobinostat, has been shown to prevent resistance to the MEK inhibitor and enhance its anti-tumor properties.
Researchers at Lund University discovered a link between protein DDX3X and MITF gene, which plays a crucial role in melanoma cell aggressiveness. The study's findings suggest that DDX3X levels can predict disease prognosis.
Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered two compounds, deguelin and rotenone, that can inhibit the metabolism of melanoma cancer cells, effectively starving them of energy. This breakthrough offers a new potential treatment option for drug-resistant metastatic melanoma.