Articles tagged with Demyelinating Diseases
A new drug, Kamuvudine K-9, has been shown to preserve nerve fibers and halt neurological damage in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. The drug, derived from HIV drugs, has been found to be more effective than existing treatments in restoring function and reducing inflammation.
Researchers discovered how anesthesia, surgery, and intensive care stress alter gene activity in the brain, leading to cognitive impairment and delirium. A new drug, vorinostat, reversed these changes, restoring memory formation and regulating the internal biological clock.
A new study found that intranasal davunetide reaches the brain in higher amounts in female mice when estrogen peaks, with similar results seen in healthy adults. The findings suggest earlier trials mixing males and females may have obscured the true effects of the drug.
Researchers compared two prevalent MS models to identify specific scenarios where one model is better suited for studying myelin loss and regeneration. The study analyzed preclinical models alongside human MS tissue samples, revealing genetic changes and insights into disease progression.
Researchers discovered that microglia's TGF-beta signaling acts as a brake, preventing nerve fibre damage in ageing spinal cords. This protective mechanism may contribute to the development of certain neurological diseases.
Researchers at UVA School of Medicine found that the breakdown of protective brain structures called perineuronal nets leads to social memory loss in Alzheimer's patients. Preventing the degradation of these nets may lead to new treatments to prevent or delay the disease.
Researchers at University of Virginia Health System discovered that an immune molecule called STING drives the formation of harmful plaques and protein tangles associated with Alzheimer's. Blocking STING protected lab mice from mental decline, suggesting a promising treatment target for neurodegenerative diseases.
A rodent study found hnRNP A1 regulates myelin production and maintains its integrity, suggesting an impact on neurodegenerative diseases like schizophrenia. The findings provide new insights into the disease's molecular basis and potential treatments.
A team of geneticists discovered a gene 'silencer' in junk DNA that prevents the devastating neurological disease autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD). The silencer element regulates lamin B1 expression, only affecting one type of cell, and its presence can spare patients from fatal symptoms.
A new study published in The FEBS Journal found that protein C1QL1 plays a crucial role in promoting the replacement of specialized cells responsible for producing myelin. This discovery could lead to novel therapies for demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.
In a mouse model of multiple system atrophy, alpha-synuclein overexpression induces neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. IFNγ produced by infiltrating CD4+ T-cells mediates these changes. The study suggests that IFNγ is a potential future disease-modifying therapeutic target.
A Rutgers study found that criteria used to diagnose multiple sclerosis in adults may not be sufficient for pediatric patients, who often go undetected in early stages. The study suggests that diagnostic tools used for adults may need to be re-evaluated for children with abnormal MRI findings.
Researchers have discovered that propionate reduces cell death in nerve cells and promotes regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. The study found that propionate targets specific receptors and affects DNA reading to produce protective enzymes and proteins.
A large randomized clinical trial demonstrated Octagam 10% as an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment option for adult dermatomyositis patients. The study showed improved outcomes in patients with this rare disease, providing a much-needed treatment alternative.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a radioactive demyelination tracer that can be detected by PET scans. The tracer was found to be safe and well-tolerated in healthy volunteers, but cleared from circulation faster than expected.
Researchers at Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona developed a new treatment that reduces chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis mice models by administering Maresin-1, a lipid mediator. The substance significantly reduced cytokine levels and protected neurons from demyelination.
Case Western Reserve University researcher Farren Briggs has been awarded $1.2 million to identify biomarkers for more accurate MS diagnoses. The goal is to monitor disease activity and progression, ultimately improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new classification scheme for NMOSD, focusing on astrocyte degeneration and its four main types. The scheme provides a standardized approach for identifying the disease, which is distinct from multiple sclerosis and has more severe symptoms.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center discovered a cashew shell compound that promotes myelin repair in laboratory experiments. The compound, anacardic acid, inhibits an enzyme involved in gene expression, leading to increased production of IL-33 and rapid induction of myelin genes and proteins.
Scientists discovered that patients with certain inflammatory demyelinating diseases have auto-immune antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), which is thought to be important in maintaining the myelin sheath's structural integrity. This finding suggests that therapeutic strategies need to be individualized for pat...
A new diagnostic strategy has been developed by Brazilian researchers to detect biomarkers of early-stage multiple sclerosis. The method uses a nanobiosensor that can accurately identify specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum, allowing for early diagnosis and treatment.
A recent study suggests that those exposed to the novel coronavirus may face a range of brain diseases and disorders, including depression, psychosis, and immune complications. The authors warn that monitoring and investigations are needed to mitigate such outcomes.
A new study found that biomarker MOG antibodies can accurately diagnose life-threatening autoimmune conditions in children, leading to complete or near-complete recovery after appropriate treatment. The study involved 535 children with central nervous system demyelinating disorders and encephalitis.
Researchers at UMass Chan Medical School have developed a gene therapy approach that protects synaptic connections in the brain from damage in multiple sclerosis models. The study suggests that therapies targeting specific circuits of the brain could be effective in preserving vision and preventing neurodegenerative symptoms.
Researchers have discovered a novel subtype of multiple sclerosis, called myelocortical MS (MCMS), which features neuronal loss but no demyelination in the brain's white matter. This new subtype is indistinguishable from traditional MS on MRI and has reduced neuronal density and cortical thickness.
Researchers found that adding cetirizine to standard therapy significantly reduced annualized relapse rates in patients with neuromyelitis optica, a rare disease causing inflammation and demyelination. The study suggests that cetirizine may be beneficial in preventing relapses by modulating eosinophil activity.
A study by Osaka University researchers found that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) promotes remyelination in mice, suggesting a potential new treatment for demyelinating diseases. FGF21 was shown to increase remyelination and improve neurological function in mice with demyelinated lesions.
A recent study suggests that the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may impede the brain's ability to repair itself in diseases like multiple sclerosis. The virus produces a protein called U94 that can impair the normal function of cells in the brain, potentially accelerating disease progression.
A study by Queen Mary University of London researchers found significant neuronal loss in MS brains, with a 39% difference in neuron count compared to healthy controls. Cortical volume and density were also affected, highlighting the importance of early treatment.
A UC Riverside study found that chronic demyelination is closely linked to seizures in MS patients, with specific neurons being lost and hyperactivity increasing. The researchers hope to develop drugs aimed at reducing seizures, which could also benefit epilepsy patients.
A new cell therapy product called DUOC-01 promotes faster axon remyelination in mice treated with a demyelinating chemical agent. The treatment also enhances the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, suggesting potential for neuronal repair and remyelination in patients with demyelinating diseases.
A new study found rituximab more effective in preventing relapses among patients with highly active multiple sclerosis switching from natalizumab. Patients infected with JC virus showed a significant reduction in clinical relapse risk after treatment switch to rituximab.
Researchers identify microglia cells as primary cause of cognitive problems in MS patients, disrupting communication between nerve cells. The findings suggest that the disease's impact on cognition is more complex than previously thought, with potential new targets for treatment.
A large-scale study in Denmark and Sweden found no increased risk of multiple sclerosis among girls and women who received HPV vaccination. The study analyzed over 3.9 million individuals and 1.9 million vaccine doses, concluding that the qHPV vaccine is safe for use in this population.
A recent study published in JAMA Neurology found no long-term link between vaccine administration and the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) or other central nervous system demyelinating syndromes. However, a short-term increased risk was observed in younger patients, which may be attributed to existing disease.
Researchers analyzed 36 cases of inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumor in the spinal cord, finding that patchy reinforcement on MRI and inflammatory cell infiltration are key features. The study aims to reduce misdiagnosis rate and improve patient quality of life by providing accurate imaging and clinical properties.
A new study published in the American Journal of Pathology found that resveratrol actually worsened MS-like neuropathology and inflammation in mice. Resveratrol did not show anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective effects, contradicting previous claims about its benefits.
Researchers found that bacterial imbalance contributes to intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis, with treatment reducing disease risk. Dysbiosis was shown to enhance intestinal inflammation and increase the risk for inflammation-associated colon cancer.
Deimination, a protein modification altered in patients with MS and PMD, is reduced in both human patients and mouse models experiencing vision loss. Restoration of deimination improves visual function in mice, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for demyelinating diseases.
A study published in Brain Pathology has found that halting the Kallikrein 6 enzyme can slow multiple sclerosis progression in mice. The researchers discovered an antibody that neutralizes the enzyme, which was shown to reduce inflammatory white blood cells and slow demyelination.
A study published in the American Journal of Pathology suggests laquinimod targets immune cells to increase neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis patients. The treatment increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, contributing to neuron repair and limiting brain damage.
A study published in Neurology has found that children with a specific gene variation are at higher risk of developing Multiple Sclerosis. The research identifies the HLA-DRB1 allele as a key factor in pediatric-onset MS, which can provide insights into disease causes and potentially lead to earlier diagnoses and new therapies.
The American Academy of Neurology recommends using plasma exchange to treat people with severe relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS) and related diseases, as well as those with certain kinds of nerve disorders known as neuropathies. Plasma exchange has been found effective for treating severe flares in relapsing forms of MS.
Recent studies have identified 20 genes associated with multiple sclerosis susceptibility, paving the way for more accurate understanding of the disease. New therapies targeting neuroinflammation and regenerative stem cells hold promise for controlling the disease, mirroring progress made in AIDS treatment.
Three USU doctoral students receive fellowships to study schistosomiasis, multiple sclerosis and tuberous sclerosis complex. The HJF program aims to develop new drug targets and treatments for these diseases.
MS patients experience high levels of withheld anger due to nervous system damage, not disease severity. This can disrupt interpersonal relationships and have negative effects on physical health, including high blood pressure and vascular disorders.
Researchers at UCF create first lab-grown motor nerves with nodes of Ranvier, a breakthrough that could improve understanding of demyelinating conditions and enable new drug therapies. The team plans to use the model system to explore the origins of diabetic neuropathy and identify targets for new treatments.
A new study led by Thomas Jefferson University researchers suggests that a minimum of three demyelinating features can be used to positively identify Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP). This finding may help doctors diagnose CIDP more effectively and treat patients earlier, potentially preventing further disability.
A large clinical trial found that long-term treatment with Gamunex improves and maintains physical and mental component scores in patients with CIDP. Improvements were observed in all domains, including physical functioning, role-physical, social functioning, and mental health.
Scientists studying a mysterious neurological affliction in cats discovered a key ability of the central nervous system to repair itself. Recovery was achieved through remyelination, where previously demyelinated axons became restored with thin but functional myelin sheaths.
A new study identifies miR-23 as a microRNA that regulates myelin formation and maintenance. By turning down lamin gene expression, miR-23 prevents demyelination due to lamin overexpression, offering a potential treatment for demyelinating illnesses.
A new study may have uncovered the cause of Devic's disease by identifying glutamate as a key player in the progression of the disease. The researchers found that an autoantibody called NMO-IgG triggers a toxic build-up of glutamate, leading to damage to nerve cells and their insulating myelin coats.
A team of researchers at the Burnham Institute will investigate neuron-glia communication in development, with a focus on demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The five-year study aims to resolve how glial cells function in the normal brain and provide new insights into the mechanisms of demyelinating diseases.
Khalili will investigate the molecular mechanisms causing JC virus reactivation in AIDS patients, which can lead to the fatal disease PML. The researcher aims to understand how HIV triggers JC virus infections and develop new treatments for demyelinating diseases like MS.
Acorda Therapeutics has received a Phase 2 grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop a new treatment approach for multiple sclerosis (MS). The company's antibodies, sHIgM22 and sHIgM46, have shown promise in stimulating myelin regrowth in animal models.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered a link between an enzyme called MSP and multiple sclerosis tissue damage, which could lead to new treatment options. The study found that excess MSP promotes demyelination, but also contributes to proper oligodendroglia function when functioning normally.
University of Illinois scientists have discovered that steroids can increase myelin synthesis, reversing a major problem in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases. The findings offer new potential treatments for nerve injuries and demyelinating diseases.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center have discovered a biochemical channel in the myelin sheath that enables faster exchange of cell nutrients, which could lead to treatments for neuropathies and demyelinating diseases. The study, led by Dr. Steven Scherer, demonstrates the function of connexin32 in myelinating ...