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Science News Archive September 2022 - Page 27


Page 27 of 38

Newcastle University research reveals remarkable variability in coral heat tolerance

A new study by Newcastle University found that individual corals have varying levels of heat tolerance, with some able to withstand double the heat stress required to induce bleaching and mortality. This variability suggests capacity for adaptation if some of the toughest corals can survive marine heatwaves.

SourceNewcastle University·JournalProceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences·TypeObservational study·DateSep 12, 2022
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

These tiny coral reef fish parents decide when their embryos hatch

A new study finds that neon goby parents help their offspring develop by pushing them out the door at the right time. Offspring hatched by parents are larger and more developed than those that hatch on their own, suggesting a complex parenting behavior. This discovery highlights the surprising complexities of fish parenting behavior.

SourceUniversity of Texas at Austin·JournalProceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 12, 2022

Forests’ carbon uptake will be compromised by climate change, leaf temperature study suggests

A new study suggests that canopy leaves in forests cannot cool themselves below the surrounding air temperature, leading to reduced forest carbon cycling and increased mortality risk. The research challenges a prevailing theory on leaf thermoregulation, highlighting the impact of climate warming on forests.

SourceOregon State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeObservational study·DateSep 12, 2022

Smooth, versatile on-chip light manipulation is now possible with supersymmetry

Scientists have developed a new chip that can transfer different optical states to switch light flows using supersymmetry. The approach enables broadband continuous transformation of light spatial characteristics, opening up avenues for advanced photonic functionalities.

SourceLight Publishing Center, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics And Physics, CAS·JournaleLight·DateSep 12, 2022
Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount

Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount provides precise tracking capacity for deep-sky imaging rigs during long astrophotography sessions.

Concussions at school may affect academic performance

A study published in Injury Prevention found that adolescents who experienced a concussion in the past 12 months were 25% more likely to be in poor academic standing. This association was stronger with a history of repeated concussions, and varied by race/ethnicity.

SourceBMJ Group·JournalInjury Prevention·TypeObservational study·DateSep 12, 2022

New study identifies main drivers of government investment in clean energy innovation

A new study by University of California, Berkeley researchers found that participating in Mission Innovation and intensifying technology competition from China are the strongest drivers of funding for clean energy RD&D. Despite growing public investment, the pace of transformation is not fast enough to facilitate rapid decarbonization.

SourceUniversity of California - Berkeley·JournalNature Energy·TypeObservational study·DateSep 12, 2022

A mouse is not just a mouse

A new study from Aarhus University highlights the imbalance in AMD research using young male mice, despite the disease affecting the elderly. The review of 380 scientific articles emphasizes the need for better reporting and guidelines to improve animal testing quality.

SourceAarhus University·JournalInvestigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·TypeSystematic review·DateSep 12, 2022
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

The obesity paradox in lung cancer diagnosis may differ by race

A recent study by Hee-Soon Juon PhD found that the obesity paradox in lung cancer diagnosis does not hold true for African Americans. While obesity is associated with lower rates of lung cancer diagnosis in the general population, this relationship was not statistically significant among African Americans.

SourceThomas Jefferson University·JournalBMC Cancer·DateSep 12, 2022

How visual information travels from the retina to the midbrain

Researchers used Neuropixels probes to measure the activity of synaptically connected retinal and midbrain neurons, revealing a mosaic-like neural connection. The study provides new insights into visual processing and strengthens our understanding of blindsight.

SourceCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 12, 2022

New study reveals mechanism for how disease-spreading prions can jump from one species to another

Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have identified the structure of protein fibrils linked to a hereditary form of human prion disease, revealing the mechanism for interspecies transmission. The study suggests that disease transmission between species can be predicted based on structural information.

SourceCase Western Reserve University·JournalNature Structural & Molecular Biology·TypeImaging analysis·DateSep 12, 2022
Meta Quest 3 512GB

Meta Quest 3 512GB enables immersive mission planning, terrain rehearsal, and interactive STEM demos with high-resolution mixed-reality experiences.

More stress, fewer coping resources for Latina mothers post-Trump

A study from UC San Diego finds increased depression, anxiety, and perceived stress in Latina mothers, particularly those in border cities, due to reduced coping resources. The researchers attribute these findings to the increasing hostility of the political climate towards Latinx Americans.

SourceUniversity of California - San Diego·JournalPLOS ONE·DateSep 12, 2022

New research: More than half of all tropical deforestation directly attributable to industrial mining takes place in Indonesia, with Brazil, Ghana and Suriname also suffering major losses

Industrial mining is responsible for more than half of tropical deforestation globally, with Indonesia accounting for 58.2% of the deforestation directly caused by mining activities. The study highlights the need for stronger measures to protect tropical forests from economic activities like mining. For Indonesia, Brazil and Ghana, tro...

SourceBurness·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateSep 12, 2022
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Stanford researchers model benefits of riverfront forest restoration

Restoring relatively narrow strips of riverfront forests could substantially improve regional water quality and carbon storage in Costa Rica. The analysis shows that such buffers tend to be most beneficial in steep, erosion-prone, and intensively fertilized landscapes.

SourceStanford University·JournalEcosystem Services·DateSep 12, 2022

Synapse-related genes in microglia are changed by contextual fear conditioning

Research by Tohoku University scientists found that contextual fear conditioning alters genes associated with the synapse in microglia, indicating a new mechanism linking microglia and neuronal activity related to fear conditioning. This non-immune communication may play a key role in fear memory consolidation and extinction.

SourceTohoku University·JournalBrain Research Bulletin·DateSep 12, 2022

Behavioral research: Study reveals that students aren’t ideal test subjects

A new study by Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg found that using only students in experiments can lead to biased results, as their decisions differ from those of other population groups. The study compared agricultural science students to farmers and found differences in risk-taking, patience, trust, and generosity.

SourceMartin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg·JournalAustralian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 12, 2022
Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro)

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

The September issue of SLAS Discovery highlights a label-free SERS method in detecting SARS-CoV-2 and more

Researchers developed a label-free SERS method to detect the cysteine residues of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit, allowing consistent detection in human blood plasma, mucus, and saliva samples. This technique holds potential for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections in remote areas.

SourceSLAS (Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening)·JournalSLAS DISCOVERY·TypeNews article·DateSep 12, 2022

Researchers identify immune cell that helps kill bladder cancer tumors

Bladder cancer researchers discovered a subset of CD8 T cells that adapts to tumor evasion strategies, offering a strategy to reduce tumor cells' ability to fight them off. The study also identified potential ways to make immunotherapy more effective against this deadly cancer by targeting the HLA-E/NKG2A axis.

SourceThe Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine·JournalCancer Cell·DateSep 12, 2022

Envisioning net-zero food systems

Realizing net-zero food systems necessitates the adoption of new technologies and diet shifts to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. The goal is to achieve a net-zero emission global food system by 2050, with a roadmap outlining milestones for implementation by 2030 and 2040.

SourceThe Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture·JournalScientific Reports·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateSep 12, 2022

How human cells become Zika virus factories

Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered how Zika virus forces dendritic cells to churn out lipid molecules, allowing the virus to build copies of itself. This study provides a major step forward in developing antiviral therapies against multiple flavivirus infections.

SourceLa Jolla Institute for Immunology·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 12, 2022
Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C)

Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C) provide clear calls and strong noise reduction for interviews, conferences, and noisy field environments.

Hurricane Harvey’s hardest hit survivors five times as likely to experience anxiety from COVID-19 pandemic

Researchers found that those severely impacted by Hurricane Harvey were four times more likely to experience income loss and five times more likely to suffer severe anxiety during the pandemic. The study highlights the cumulative effect of economic stress and mental health impacts on an individual's well-being.

SourceUniversity of Notre Dame·JournalEnvironmental Research·DateSep 12, 2022

Pace as important as 10,000 steps for health, finds new research

A new study published in leading journals found that achieving 10,000 steps a day can lower the risk of dementia, heart disease, cancer, and death. However, a faster stepping pace showed even greater health benefits, making walking faster a crucial factor for overall health.

SourceUniversity of Sydney·JournalJAMA Internal Medicine·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateSep 12, 2022

Daytime eating may benefit mental health

A study found that eating at night increased depression-like mood levels among participants, while daytime eating reduced these levels. The researchers suggest that meal timing could be a novel strategy to minimize mood vulnerability in individuals with circadian misalignment.

SourceBrigham and Women's Hospital·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 12, 2022

Older adults with regular activity routines are happier and do better on cognitive tests, study finds

A study by University of Pittsburgh researchers found that older adults with consistent daily routines are happier, less depressed, and have better cognitive function. Participants who rose early, stayed active throughout the day, and followed a regular routine performed better on cognitive tests than those with disrupted patterns.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh·JournalJAMA Psychiatry·DateSep 12, 2022
Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm)

Apple Watch Series 11 (GPS, 46mm) tracks health metrics and safety alerts during long observing sessions, fieldwork, and remote expeditions.

Why do humans walk upright? The secret is in our pelvis

A new study from Harvard University identifies the genes and genetic sequences that orchestrate the formation of the human pelvis during pregnancy. The research shows that key pelvic features form around 6- to 8-week mark, including a curved and basin-like shape.

SourceHarvard University·JournalScience Advances·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 12, 2022

Problems persist for kids exposed to cannabis in the womb

Research from Washington University in St. Louis found that children exposed to cannabis in the womb continue to exhibit increased signs of psychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety. The study, which followed over 10,500 children, revealed no significant changes in psychiatric condition rates as they aged into adolescence.

SourceWashington University in St. Louis·JournalJAMA Pediatrics·TypeMeta-analysis·DateSep 12, 2022

How many drinks is too many?

A new rodent study found that low doses of alcohol can trigger epigenomic and transcriptomic changes in the brain, creating an epigenetic pathway for addiction. The research suggests that even small quantities of alcohol can prime the brain for addiction, regardless of sex or quantity.

SourceUniversity of Illinois Chicago·JournalMolecular Psychiatry·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 12, 2022

Cold method for clearer fatty liver observation found

Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University developed a cold perfusion method to isolate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from both murine and human fatty liver-associated tumors with high yield and purity. This breakthrough could provide new tools for investigating the role of HSCs in NASH-associated liver cancer progression.

SourceOsaka Metropolitan University·JournalCellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 12, 2022
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

'Silent’ mutations help bacteria to evade antibiotics

Researchers at Imperial College London discovered a 'silent' mutation in bacteria that helps them evade antibiotics. The mutation alters the structure of an mRNA intermediate, preventing ribosomes from producing protein, and has arisen independently several times globally.

SourceImperial College London·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 12, 2022

Bigger plants don’t always equal more nutritious ones

Researchers at Michigan State University discovered that increased carbon dioxide levels decrease phosphorus levels in plants, making them less nutritious. The team found that plants avoid overloading their chloroplasts with phosphorus as an adaptive response to elevated CO2 levels.

SourceMichigan State University·JournalCurrent Biology·DateSep 12, 2022

Exercise and education: Diabetes prevention work helps local Latino children, families

A study led by Arizona State University Professor Gabriel Shaibi found that a community-based program combining education and exercise significantly improves the health of Latino children at risk for diabetes. The program, which included 117 families from around the Valley, provided culturally focused lessons on healthy eating and phys...

SourceArizona State University·JournalJAMA·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateSep 12, 2022

3D shaping of microscopic membranes that underlie cellular processes

The study found that colloidal membranes transition from flat disc-like shapes to saddle-like shapes as the fraction of short rods increases. The saddles then merge into more complex structures like catenoids and four-noids, exhibiting properties similar to biological membranes.

SourceIndian Institute of Science (IISc)·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateSep 12, 2022
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Dual checkpoint inhibitor blockade shows promise as first-line and salvage therapy for merkel cell carcinoma patients

A phase 2 study found that combining nivolumab and ipilimumab showed a high response rate with durable results for patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma. The addition of stereotactic body radiation therapy did not improve efficacy in this dual checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

SourceH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute·JournalThe Lancet·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateSep 12, 2022

Recommended blood sugar levels to avoid diabetes-related damage

A study from Linköping University shows that individuals with type 1 diabetes should keep their mean long-term sugar level below 53 mmol/mol (7.0%) to avoid serious damage. The risk of eye- and kidney complications increases as the level increases.

SourceLinköping University·JournalDiabetes Care·TypeObservational study·DateSep 12, 2022

New ice-shedding coating is 100x stronger than others

A University of Houston engineer has developed a sprayable ice-shedding material that is 100 times stronger than any others. The new durable coating material controls interfacial fractures and can accelerate crack formation and growth.

SourceUniversity of Houston·JournalMaterials Horizons·DateSep 12, 2022
Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station

Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station offers research-grade local weather data for networked stations, campuses, and community observatories.

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter is a trusted meter for precise measurements during instrument integration, repairs, and field diagnostics.

Immunotherapy before surgery induces complete response in more than half of patients with common skin cancer in international study

In an international clinical trial, 63.3% of patients with stage II-IV cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma saw their tumors nearly or completely disappear when treated with immunotherapy before surgery. The anti-PD1 therapy cemiplimab was well-tolerated and met its primary endpoint with a pathologic complete response rate of 50.6%.

SourceUniversity of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateSep 12, 2022

What killed dinosaurs and other life on earth?

A new study suggests that massive volcanic eruptions were the primary cause of mass extinctions, including the one that wiped out the dinosaurs. The research found a strong temporal connection between flood basalt eruptions and significant climatic events.

SourceDartmouth College·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateSep 12, 2022

AI-powered autonomous driving vehicle

The AI model, trained with end-to-end and multi-task manners, achieves best drivability in a standard simulation environment, outperforming recent models. It extracts useful information from a single RGBD camera and uses sensor fusion techniques to enhance performance.

SourceToyohashi University of Technology (TUT)·JournalIEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles·TypeExperimental study·DateSep 12, 2022
Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach

Garmin GPSMAP 67i with inReach provides rugged GNSS navigation, satellite messaging, and SOS for backcountry geology and climate field teams.

Why are dark matter halos of ultra-diffuse galaxies so … odd?

Researchers found that dark matter halos in ultra-diffuse galaxies have lower concentrations than expected, raising questions about their formation and evolution. The study's surprising results indicate these galaxies may be younger and contain more gas than normal galaxies.

SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal·TypeObservational study·DateSep 12, 2022

Anti-diarrhea medication may help treat core autism symptoms

Researchers used a computer model to identify potential candidates for treating ASD, including loperamide, which has shown promise in restoring social behaviors in genetically engineered mice. The study suggests that repurposing existing drugs like loperamide could provide a new treatment option for core autism symptoms.

SourceFrontiers·JournalFrontiers in Pharmacology·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateSep 12, 2022