Research suggests that characteristically male brain anatomy is associated with a higher probability of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in males. The study found that biological females with more typical male brain anatomy were about three times more likely to have ASD than those with characteristically female brain anatomy.
Researchers from the Smithsonian and French Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle describe a complex, flexible head joint among fishes known to science. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of barbeled dragonfishes, a group of deep-sea predatory fishes with specialized traits for hunting.
Researchers analyzed a large dataset of brain images from over 500 individuals to identify correlations between brain cortical anatomy and the Big Five personality traits. High levels of neuroticism were associated with increased thickness in certain regions, while openness was linked to reduced thickness and increased area and folding.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that baboons produce five distinct vowel-like sounds similar to those used in human speech. The anatomy of the baboon's vocal tract also reveals similarities with the human tongue, indicating a shared mechanism for forming these sounds.
Researchers discovered that a dinosaur species, Limusaurus inextricabilis, lost its teeth in adolescence and did not grow another set as adults. The finding suggests a significant shift in diet from babies to adulthood, potentially explaining why birds have beaks but no teeth.
A new Yale-led study finds that changes in brain anatomy, specifically the posterior parietal cortex, are more closely related to risk avoidance in older adults than aging itself. The research team used MRI scans and risk-choice experiments to analyze the phenomenon.
Research reveals that macaques possess the physical attributes necessary to produce intelligible human speech, yet their brains lack the neural circuitry required for this ability. This finding debunks the idea that vocal anatomy alone limits speech in nonhumans, highlighting the importance of brain evolution in human language.
A computer model revealed monkeys could easily produce many different sounds, implying a basic form of spoken language could have evolved without changes in vocal anatomy. Monkeys' ability to vocalize was found to be unrelated to their speech capabilities.
A new study by Brigham Young University researchers may lead to a more accurate system for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. The computer model uses medical images to reproduce the growth patterns of prostate cancer on the anatomy of a patient's prostate.
Research suggests factors beyond sociality influence brain anatomy in carnivores, contradicting the 'social brain' hypothesis. Female lions have larger frontal cortices due to their social demands, while cheetahs have smaller brains that support their high-speed pursuits.
A study highlights common and less common errors in pediatric chest radiography, emphasizing the importance of a systematic approach to image interpretation. The authors recommend clear understanding of a child's development and anatomy to avoid significant interpretive errors.
A study published in Journal of Anatomy found a connection between certain bat species and humans with cleft lip and palate. Researchers used anatomical dissection, micro CT scans, and genomic analysis to identify the genetic causes of clefts.
New fossil discovery in China reveals that the jaw bones of modern humans and bony fishes are linked to the ancient armoured fish placoderms. The findings provide a significant clue on how our jaws evolved, suggesting substantial parts of human anatomy can be traced back to these early creatures.
The practice of female genital mutilation/cutting affects millions worldwide, causing physical and psychological harm. Alternative rites of passage, such as education and community celebrations, hold promise in eliminating this harmful tradition.
A new analysis suggests Michelangelo concealed female anatomy symbols in the Sistine Chapel ceiling. This discovery provides valuable context for understanding the historical connection between art and human anatomy.
Researchers are uniting to tackle the complex challenge of understanding brain function through large-scale computational modeling. This approach aims to improve our knowledge of brain function by creating realistic models based on biological data.
The discovery of 25 little bones in India suggests that primates native to the region played a crucial role in the early evolution of primates. The bones, dated to around 54.5 million years ago, show primitive features that do not clearly belong to either clade and may represent an early stage of primate evolution.
A recent study on the internal anatomy of a fossil human relative's heel bone reveals greater similarities with gorillas than chimpanzees. The researchers discovered that this fossil, from the StW 352 Australopithecus africanus, exhibited gorilla-like levels of joint mobility and structural reinforcement.
A study by University of Adelaide researchers found that meat consumption contributes to global obesity at the same extent as sugar, with protein in meat digested later and converted to excess energy. The study suggests dietary guidelines may need to advise eating less meat alongside reducing sugar intake.
A single camera can capture high-quality facial performance using a new method developed by Disney Research, which takes into account the underlying facial anatomy and skin thickness. This approach allows for robust and accurate tracking of facial expressions without requiring multiple cameras or extensive pre-computed facial motions.
Researchers found an association between atrial fibrillation and smaller frontal lobe brain volumes in a recent study published in Heart Rhythm. The study examined the relationship between AF and brain volume using MRI, revealing that AF was associated with reduced frontal lobe volumes even after adjusting for other factors.
Historical research reveals that foetus and infant cadavers were valued by anatomists for studying growth and development, often kept in museums. Researchers found that anatomists preserved the skulls of infants intact to use as teaching aids, differing from adult cadavers.
Researchers developed a new approach to prostate cancer treatment using vessel-sparing radiation combined with MRI. The technique reduces side effects such as erectile dysfunction and bladder or rectal irritation while achieving high cure rates.
Researchers have developed a technology allowing them to visualize single molecules of messenger RNA as they are translated into proteins in living mammalian cells. Initial findings suggest that this may shed light on neurological diseases such as Fragile X Syndrome and Alzheimer's, as well as cancer.
Researchers found a direct correlation between increased life expectancy and the rise in type 1 diabetes cases globally. The study suggests that advances in medical care have reduced natural selection, allowing the underlying genetics of the disease to be passed from one generation to the next.
A new device enables real-time monitoring of central venous and pulmonary artery pressures in patients with single ventricle Fontan anatomy, reducing the risk of heart failure. The first implantable hemodynamic monitor has been successfully placed in two patients, showing early safety and feasibility.
A recent review of published studies on autism spectrum disorder found significant discrepancies in reported brain abnormalities. Experts emphasize the need for more extensive research to better understand these variations.
Differences in anatomy may affect an individual's ability to achieve orgasm, particularly for females where physical characteristics play a significant role. Research suggests that variations in clitoral migration and penis entry angle can influence sexual experiences.
The American Association of Anatomists has awarded the Henry Gray Distinguished Educator Award to Robert W. Ogilvie for his work in human anatomy education. John R. Sladek received the Henry Gray Scientific Achievement Medal for his unique contributions and achievements in anatomical sciences.
The American Association of Anatomists awards Young Investigators for groundbreaking research in cell biology, neuroanatomy, and morphological sciences. The winners, including Michael Jenkins, Andrew Holland, Casey Holliday, and Hillel Adesnik, are recognized for their contributions to the field and will present lectures on their work.
A team of international scientists has created the first 3D atlas of the dodo's skeletal anatomy, using two exceptional skeletons that have remained unstudied for over a century. The atlas provides accurate relative proportions and describes several previously unknown bones, opening new pathways for paleobiology and evolution research.
A new survey of historical evidence reveals that Henry Gray plagiarized parts of the first edition of his book, Gray's Anatomy. The study examines traits of character that demonstrate Gray's inclination towards garnering credit at others' cost.
Researchers analyzed the oldest known penguin fossil and found no significant changes in brain structure compared to modern penguins. The study suggests that becoming flightless did not directly impact brain anatomy, contradicting previous assumptions.
A new study suggests that individual differences in brain structure and function affect both anatomical and cognitive factors, such as intelligence and memory. The researchers identified four unique traits that explained most of the differences in brain anatomy, with the remaining differences accounting for individual differences in in...
Studies have shown that medications used to treat bipolar disorder, particularly mood stabilizers, can increase grey matter volume and normalize white matter disorganization. These findings suggest a predominantly ameliorative effect of psychopharmacological treatment on brain anatomy.
Researchers have discovered that pectoral fins in fish possess neurons and cells sensitive to touch, conveying information about pressure and motion. This finding sheds light on the evolutionary biology of touch and may inspire new advances in underwater robotics design.
Cadavers are being used to advance genetics education in medical schools, providing real-world scenarios and insights into genetic variants. This approach connects anatomy to genomics, bridging the gap between clinical application and future clinicians' training.
Researchers have linked schizophrenia symptoms to specific brain features using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study identified distinctive subgroups among patients with different symptoms. Analyzing the brain's anatomy may help develop more precise treatments for individual patients.
Researchers have discovered significant differences in the number of neurons in nematode ventral cords across various species, suggesting that neuron number and anatomy may have evolved multiple times. This variation could lead to the development of more targeted nematicides to control plant-parasitic nematodes.
Paleontologists discovered a spiral valve similar to sharks and rays in a Triassic bony fish fossil, providing insights into the evolution of vertebrates' gastrointestinal tracts. The gut contents reveal a straight stomach and high energy requirements for an energetic lifestyle.
A real-life neurosurgeon says the Spectre villain's use of a head clamp system and robotic drill was incorrect, as it would have triggered a stroke or massive hemorrhage. Dr. Michael Cusimano praised Blofeld's grasp of Neuroscience but noted he would have failed his neuroanatomy course.
Researchers used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out six Hox genes in a sandhopper, shedding light on the genetic mechanisms that determine leg anatomy and evolutionary patterns. By analyzing the resulting transformations, they identified which genes control specific appendages and gained insights into how evolution shapes animal body plans.
A new study by scientists from the University of Chicago reveals that the unique pectoral fins of skates and rays are built using repurposed genes from typical limb-development pathways. The findings provide insight into the genetic mechanisms behind the evolution and diversification of vertebrate appendages.
Researchers at Umea University discovered unique muscle fibers in the soft palate of humans, found in greater numbers in snorers and sleep apnea patients. These fibers have a distinct molecular build-up and are absent or modified in some key proteins.
A combination of detailed CT imaging and 3-D printing technology has been used to plan the surgical separation of conjoined twins. The 3-D models were designed so that they could be assembled together or separated during the surgical planning process, with a high level of concordance between the models and the twins' actual anatomy.
A new study evaluates mechanisms driving diversity in bone function, providing insight into the evolution of tetrapods and their transition to land. The tiger salamander's unique anatomy and ecology make it an ideal organism for studying this process.
Researchers induced different head shapes in flatworms by manipulating electrical synapses, shedding light on the role of bioelectrical networks in evolution. The findings could improve understanding of birth defects and regeneration.
A new review questions whether premature ejaculation is an illness, citing false assumptions and influence from drug companies. The authors suggest that physiology of ejaculation and orgasm remains intact in men with premature ejaculation.
Researchers at Einstein and Berkeley will develop new instruments to image genes and proteins in living cells, enabling visualization of gene regulation processes. The grant aims to create powerful microscopes and fluorescent probes to reveal mechanisms controlling gene expression.
Researchers matched behavioral symptoms to specific brain abnormalities, providing a new way of thinking about schizophrenia. The study found distinct subgroups of patients with schizophrenia that correlate with symptoms, offering a step toward improving diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at MIT are developing a computer system that uses genetic, demographic, and clinical data to predict the effects of neurodegenerative disease on brain anatomy. By combining MRI data with additional patient information, they found that predictions were improved by half in cases where changes were drastic.
A 125-million-year-old bird fossil from Spain provides a unique glimpse into the anatomy of early bird flight. The discovery supports the notion that some ancient birds were capable of aerodynamic feats similar to those of modern birds.
A recent study by Georgia State University and other institutions reveals that chimpanzees' brain structures are associated with various personality traits. The research found correlations between gray-matter volumes in specific brain regions and personality traits such as openness, extraversion, and dominance.
A new themed issue explores the anatomy of rifting, revealing diverse extensional processes, including plate thinning, magma intrusion, and volcanism. The study documents active processes at divergent plate boundaries and transforms, synthesizing key research topics on plate extension.
A new study reveals that the traditional papal blessing hand gesture was likely caused by an ulnar nerve injury to St. Peter, the first pope, rather than a median nerve injury as previously thought.
Bunostegos' forelimb anatomy reveals unique characteristics allowing it to stand with legs under the body. This finding indicates the earliest known example of an upright posture in pre-reptiles, dating back 260 million years.
Researchers analyze 260-million-year-old skull of Eunotosaurus africanus to understand turtle origins. They find evidence of diapsid condition, a characteristic shared with modern reptiles and birds.
Researchers at UMass Amherst found that as geckos become larger, their bodies act like springs, becoming stiffer and enabling them to climb effectively. The team measured the adhesive ability of five species, finding a strong correlation between body size and stiffness.
EPFL scientists have developed a new method called cryofixation to preserve the brain's true structure, overcoming distortion caused by traditional fixation methods. This breakthrough allows for unprecedented detail in brain imaging and has significant implications for understanding brain anatomy and function.
A new computer-based system provides rapid, real-time feedback during facial transplant surgery, potentially improving face-jaw-teeth alignment and reducing residual deformities. The CAPE platform uses CT scans to match donor anatomy with recipient anatomy, providing unprecedented visual data for surgeons.