Biogeography

Global study reveals how shipping and human activity shape bacteria in port waters

A global study analyzed 16.5 million DNA sequences from 23 cities across five continents, revealing a clear distance-decay pattern for bacterial communities. The findings show that port size, wastewater discharge, geography, and maritime activity closely associate with the structure of bacterial communities worldwide.

Study clarifies conditions for amphibian species richness on marine islands

A Brazilian study analyzed data from over 5,000 territories and 1,924 anuran amphibian species to determine the biodiversity of these habitats. The research found that two main theories about island biodiversity do not explain the richness of anuran amphibians on their own, but rather are complementary factors.

Great biomonitoring insights achievable with shorter and cheaper stream surveys

Researchers in Brazil's Cerrado biome found that reducing stream sampling from 11 to 6 transects maintained reliable classification of streams as least-disturbed, moderately disturbed, or severely disturbed. The study suggests a streamlined approach can reduce field time and processing costs while preserving ecological indicators.

In productive ecosystems, larger animals capture more energy per species - but human pressure is reshaping the balance

Why did the stag beetle Prosopocoilus hachijoensis lose its ability to fly?

Researchers found that the loss of flight in Prosopocoilus hachijoensis is linked to atrophy of flight muscles and reduced relative wing size. The species' increased reliance on ground-based locomotion, particularly in females, may have driven this adaptation.

FAU study finds parasites defy biodiversity rules, thriving far from the equator

Researchers found that trematode parasites are more abundant in cooler temperate waters, defying the typical pattern of higher biodiversity near the equator. Temperature and host mobility play a major role in shaping parasite distributions, with certain species thriving in areas where hosts can tolerate infections better.

Decoding intercontinental disjunction: Phylogenomic study unravels evolutionary history of hylodesmum

A comprehensive study using integrated genomic approach resolves Hylodesmum's taxonomic uncertainties and EA-ENA disjunct distribution. The study confirms Verdesmum as nested within Hylodesmum and reveals a complex bidirectional dispersal pattern likely facilitated by mammal-mediated epizoochory.

Typhoons: the hidden lifeline in a drying world

Researchers found that removing typhoon-induced precipitation leads to sharply declining soil moisture and more severe drought conditions worldwide. The effect of typhoons varies by region, acting as a condition that exacerbates drought in some areas, while mitigating it in others.

Study finds Earth may have twice as many vertebrate species as previously thought

A new study led by University of Arizona researchers suggests that global vertebrate biodiversity has been significantly underestimated, with on average two unrecognized species for every recognized one. This finding could have consequences for conservation efforts if these hidden species are not properly identified.

Roadmap for Europe’s biodiversity monitoring system

A new study proposes a comprehensive roadmap for Europe's biodiversity monitoring system, which could become a global model. The system would track changes in species and ecosystems using 84 Essential Biodiversity Variables and integrate data from various sources, including DNA, digital technologies, and human expertise.

Scientists identify smooth regional trends in fruit fly survival strategies

Researchers found a smooth variation in sensitivity to diapause induction with air temperature and daylight length, suggesting genes regulating circadian rhythm play a key role. The timeless gene was associated with variations in female diapause sensitivity, providing insights into molecular mechanisms behind diapause.

The extent of drought areas shapes public response

A study analyzing news reports, social media posts, and internet search data during the 2022-2023 South Korea drought found that public views change depending on problem size and distance from people. Public interest, emotions, and behavior also shifted as the disaster scale changed.

Scientists trace ancient bird flight paths using modern plant diversity

Scientists discovered a significant portion of plant diversity on Hispaniola originated from eastern Cuba, tracing back to 1.6 million-year-old bird dispersal events. The findings highlight the importance of birds as primary seed dispersers in this biodiversity hotspot, which faces extensive habitat loss.

Restoring the web of life in farmland

The METAGROLAND project aims to improve environmental farming schemes by studying plant-pollinator interactions and land manager networks. Key findings include the development of practical guidance for agri-environmental schemes that align ecological processes with real-world management.

The environment shapes the organization of ant societies

Research reveals three major types of ant societies: small colonies with a single queen and diverse workers in tropical regions, large colonies with multiple queens and uniform workers in deserts, and temperate regions with polygynous and monomorphic colonies. Environmental conditions shape these social structures on a global scale.

Corals’ boldest cousins: UH scientists discover marine creatures bending the laws of evolution

A global study finds zoantharians, colorful hexacorals, exhibit surprisingly narrow genetic and morphological divergence between oceans. Their ability to disperse via epic larval phases and raft across ocean basins may be key to their success.

Science solves South Australia’s koala dilemma

A study led by Dr. Frédérik Saltré suggests that sterilizing 22% of adult females annually could stabilize the population at an estimated cost of $34 million over 25 years. This approach prioritizes both animal welfare and ecosystem health, offering a humane solution to the unsustainable koala numbers.

The Age of Fishes began with mass death

Researchers from OIST found that the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction drove an unprecedented richness of vertebrate life, with gnathostomes dominating all others. The study linked the mass extinction pulses to increased speciation after millions of years, highlighting their role in shaping the evolution of vertebrates.

New species are now being discovered faster than ever before, study suggests

According to a University of Arizona-led study, scientists are discovering new species at a rate that far exceeds extinction. The team analyzed taxonomic histories of 2 million species and found an average of more than 16,000 new species each year, including insects, plants, fungi, and vertebrates.

Landscapes for biodiversity, food, climate and more

Researchers evaluate ways to redesign land use and nature conservation using integrated approaches to meet ecological, social, and economic goals. Multifunctional landscapes can promote biodiversity, food production, climate regulation, and human well-being.

Earliest long-snouted fossil crocodile from Egypt reveals the African origins of seagoing crocs

The discovery of Wadisuchus kassabi in the Campanian period (80 million years ago) sheds light on the origin and biogeography of Dyrosauridae, a group of ancient crocodiles that thrived in coastal and marine environments. The species highlights Egypt's Western Desert as a cradle of marine croc evolution.

New research reveals how farming reshaped the animal world

A new study traces the transformation of mammal communities across six continents over 50,000 years, finding that farming and hunting reshaped ecosystems. Only a handful of domesticated species, including cattle and horses, spread globally, altering native mammal populations.

60 percent of the world’s land area is in a precarious state

A new study maps planetary boundary of functional biosphere integrity, finding 60% of global land areas outside safe zone and 38% in high-risk zone. Human demand for biomass and land use are major contributors to the strain on the biosphere.

Bird diversity declined across the Izu Islands over the past five decades—predators introduced on four islands likely spread their impact across the archipelago—

The study found that bird species richness declined on nearly all Izu Islands, resulting in a degradation of bird communities. The degradation is likely due to direct predation and reduced food resources caused by introduced Japanese weasels.

Hidden in sacred forests: A newly described microendemic gecko from Madagascar

A newly described microendemic gecko species has been found in three small forest fragments in south-eastern Madagascar. The species, Paragehyra tsaranoro, is critically endangered due to habitat loss and fragmentation, highlighting the importance of protecting its cultural heritage.

This might be America's first campus tree inventory

Northern Arizona University is taking stock of its 5,000-6,000 trees to advance sustainability and carbon sequestration. The project will provide hands-on research opportunities for students and shed light on the trees' ability to mitigate climate change.

First journal impact factor for Frontiers of Biogeography

The journal has achieved a Scopus CiteScore of 5.5 and ranks in Q1 for both Ecology and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics categories. Its first Journal Impact Factor at 2.5 highlights its impact and relevance to the academic community.

Same ecosystem, different fix

A new study by the University of Göttingen and Freie Universität Berlin found that Mediterranean-type regions require tailored restoration methods due to varying soil and climate conditions. The research suggests that compromises are often needed, and what works best depends on local goals and conditions.

Sex-specific climate responses in plants reveal flaws in biodiversity forecasts

Research reveals that ignoring ecological differences between male and female plants can lead to inaccurate biodiversity forecasts. The study highlights the need to refine biodiversity forecasts to account for sex-specific responses to climate change, finding that female dominance may increase under global warming.

From the front garden to the continent: Why biodiversity does not increase evenly from small to large

Researchers developed a universal theory to explain species distribution patterns, estimating species numbers at key transition points between phases. The three-phase pattern of Species-Area Relationships shows rapid increase in local areas, slowing down in regional areas, and accelerating on continental scales.

Study reveals 8 million years of ‘Green Arabia’

Researchers found evidence of recurring humid phases in the region over the past 8 million years, allowing for animal and hominin migrations. These wet conditions supported diverse species such as crocodiles and hippopotamids, facilitating biogeographic exchanges between Africa and Eurasia.

Global patterns in seed plant distribution over millions of years

A study analyzing nearly 270,000 seed plant species reveals environmental conditions, particularly climate, play a significant role in shaping global plant distributions. Physical barriers have a smaller effect on ancient plant groups that have had longer periods to disperse widely.

Origin and evolution of the flora and fauna of Hainan Island, China

Hainan Island's unique floristic division is a result of its southeast movement since the Oligocene. The island's phylogenetic patterns support an anti-clockwise rotation during this movement, influenced by land bridge connections with China mainland after the Middle Miocene.

An inexpensive fix for California’s struggling wildflowers

A recent UC Riverside study found that raking dead grass can boost California's native wildflower diversity, reducing fire danger and increasing plant community changes. The simple, low-cost method of removing invasive grass layers allows native seeds to germinate and grow.

Island biodiversity rides on the wings of birds

Research from Washington University in St. Louis found that bird wing shape is a key factor shaping biodiversity patterns on islands worldwide. The study revealed how birds' dispersal abilities influence the number of species found on islands, with low-dispersal birds leading to steep species-area relationships.

Crayfish map gives conservation a helping claw

The new atlas, developed by the University of Illinois and West University of Timișoara, offers a comprehensive database of 427 crayfish taxa and over 100,000 observation records. This resource will facilitate informed conservation decisions and support efforts to mitigate the impact of invasive species on freshwater ecosystems.

Tree islands restore nature in oil palm plantations

Research by Göttingen University and collaborators reveals that tree islands within oil palm monocultures can naturally regenerate native tree diversity through ecological restoration. Larger island areas are particularly essential for endemic tree species struggling to find habitats.

European forest plants are migrating westwards, nitrogen main cause

New research reveals nitrogen pollution as primary driver of westward shifts in European forest plant distribution. High levels of atmospheric nitrogen deposition allow rapid spread of nitrogen-tolerant species, often at expense of specialized plant species.

Study reveals how parasites thrive by balancing specialisation with exploiting diverse species communities

A new study published in Journal of Biogeography finds that malaria-like blood parasites increase in prevalence with the number of bird species present, highlighting the importance of host diversity. The research also shows that parasites can spread more rapidly when they specialize in closely related or functionally similar bird species.

Megadiverse flowering plant family on isolated islands

Researchers discovered a massive number of evolutionary events in the Asteraceae family on remote islands, resulting from rapid speciation over short time periods. The findings confirm that larger, isolated islands harbor unique species and highlight the importance of protecting this diverse group of plants.

Invasive insect herbivore alters ecosystem services delivered by cycads

A study found that invasive cicad aulacaspis scale alters leaf litter decomposition dynamics of cycad species, releasing nutrients too quickly. This damage threatens ecosystem balance and conservation efforts in invaded islands.

Braiding community values with science is key to ecosystem restoration

A research team finds that local community members are indispensable partners in enhancing community engagement in repairing damaged ecosystems. Local values and attitudes play a crucial role in promoting sustainable ecosystem management practices.

To save bees, scientists say focus on habitat first, then pesticides

A recent study finds semi-natural habitats play a crucial role in conserving pollinator diversity, outpacing the impact of pesticide use. The research suggests that prioritizing habitat conservation can be more effective than reducing pesticide application in rice fields.

International DNA Day launch for Hong Kong’s Moonshot for Biology

The Hong Kong Biodiversity Genomics Consortium has launched a project to sequence the genomes of its eukaryotic biodiversity, which is rich in species but threatened by climate change. The first five genomes have been published in GigaByte Journal to coincide with International DNA Day.

Ants that are breaking down biogeographic boundaries... and homogenizing biodiversity

A recent study reveals that non-native ant species have profoundly altered the historical distributions of ant species, reshaping global ecosystems. The study found that just 2% of ant movements are sufficient to erode established borders and redraw the distribution map for this diverse array of insects.

Korea University College of Medicine identifies hantavirus in South Korea using a new rapid test, paving way for early outbreak control

A new rapid test has been developed to identify hantavirus in South Korea, paving the way for early outbreak control. The Flongle sequencing-based diagnostic is cost-efficient and can detect HTNV genomes within 3 hours.

Soil fungi may help explain the global gradient in forest diversity

Researchers found that mycorrhizal fungi form mutually beneficial relationships with plant roots, improving juvenile survival and promoting species diversity. The study suggests that these symbiotic relationships between plants and fungi may play a role in driving global patterns of forest tree diversity associated with latitude.

Landscape dynamics determine the evolution of biodiversity on Earth

A scientific model published in Nature shows a striking correlation between landscape dynamics and the evolution of life on Earth. The study proposes that sediment pulses controlled by past landscapes have played a key role in shaping biodiversity.

New beetle species has bottle-opener shaped genitalia: Now that calls for a Carlsberg!

Researchers discovered six new species of rove beetles with unique genital shapes, including a bottle-opener like structure in one species. Climate change threatens the survival of these species due to habitat changes.

Barnacle bends shape to fend off warm-water sea snails on the move

Research shows some barnacles morphing to protect themselves from predators, while others remain unchanged in cooler regions. The study found bent morphs prevalent in warmer waters, but absent in colder areas.

Raining cats and dogs: research finds global precipitation patterns a driver for animal diversity

A study published in Ecology Letters reveals that global precipitation patterns, particularly seasonal variability, shape animal diversity. The research found that certain regions with moderate precipitation levels and stable climates have the ideal ecological conditions for a diverse range of predators and herbivores.

Can macroclimate explain the distribution of the Eurasian forest-steppe zone?

Researchers used statistical methods to investigate the extent of climate support for the Eurasian forest-steppe zone's delineation. The study found that macroclimate explains a significant portion of the zone's distribution, with some regions showing strong agreement and others requiring further refinement.

Spurge purge: Plant fossils reveal ancient South America-to-Asia ‘escape route’

Researchers have discovered fossils of a group of spurges in Argentina that date back 52 million years, suggesting these plants migrated from South America to Asia and beyond. The findings provide the first direct fossil evidence of spurges in Gondwanan South America, contradicting previous assumptions about their Asian origins.

Protection of biodiversity and ecosystems: we are still far from the European targets

A recent study by the University of Bologna reveals that the EU is far from meeting its goal of protecting 10% of its land area for biodiversity. The study found that many countries have inadequate protection in place, with some having very few protected areas and others failing to implement integral protection in national parks. To ac...

Tree islands bring biodiversity to oil palm plantations

An international research team has found that tree islands in oil palm plantations can significantly increase biodiversity within five years. This method also does not affect the yield of the plants. The study was conducted on an industrial-scale plantation in Indonesia and showed promising results for ecological restoration.

Scientists advocate for integration of biogeography and behavioral ecology to rapidly respond to biodiversity loss

An interdisciplinary team of researchers at the University of Oklahoma advocates for integrating biogeography and behavioral ecology to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how to leverage existing biodiversity knowledge into predictive frameworks for addressing biodiversity loss. The authors argue that combining these two fie...

Climate and geography develop spiritual connections between giant trees and human beings

A macroecological study found that giant tree properties, such as trunk circumference and age, are strongly correlated with climatic factors. The probability of a tree being an object of faith tends to increase with lower annual precipitation, highlighting the impact of climate change on spiritual ecosystem services.

Forest management will have a stronger effect than climate change on the supply of ecosystem services

Researchers from University of Jyväskylä found that forest management has a stronger effect on the supply of ecosystem services than climate change. The study suggests that forest management planning should account for biogeographic diversity, and climate change mitigation measures are particularly suited for northern Finland.

Endangered mammals of Madagascar: Over 20 million years of evolution under threat

A recent study reveals that recovering Madagascar's mammal species would take over 20 million years if currently threatened species go extinct, much longer than other islands.

Fire in the Amazon is associated more with agricultural burning and deforestation than with drought

A recent study analyzing Amazon Rainforest fires from 2003-2020 reveals that most fires are caused by uncontrolled human use of fire for agriculture and deforestation. The study found that Brazil accounted for an average of 73% of detected fires, with pasturelands and natural grasslands being the main burned areas.