Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A large-scale study found that women who gave birth at a younger or older age, breastfed, or used oral contraceptives had a reduced risk of death. The researchers suggest hormonal mechanisms may explain these associations, and further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that youth football leagues enforce proper tackling techniques, expand non-tackling leagues, and provide skilled athletic trainers to reduce injuries among young athletes. The AAP aims to balance the recreational benefits of the game with the health risks associated with tackling.
A new study shows that anti-osteoporotic therapy can decrease the risk of subsequent fractures by 40% over three years. The treatment significantly reduces fracture risk for hip, spine, wrist, and upper arm fractures.
Effective communication among surgical teams is linked to lower risk of surgical site infections, while irrelevant communication increases the risk. Relevant communication facilitates team coordination and minimizes distractions.
Research finds that higher levels of physical activity lower heart failure risk in the general population. Current U.S. guidelines may not be enough to reduce the risk, suggesting stronger recommendations are necessary.
A study by Chalmers University of Technology and partners analyzed EU and US vehicle safety standards. EU-regulated vehicles offered reduced risk of serious injury in frontal/side crashes, while US-regulated vehicles provided a lower risk of injury in rollovers.
Research shows that a diet containing dried plums can positively affect microbiota in the colon, potentially reducing the risk of colon cancer. The study found increased Bacteroidetes and reduced Firmicutes in the distal colon, as well as reduced aberrant crypts and precancerous lesions.
A new study by Felipe Thomaz and Vanitha Swaminathan found that marketing alliances generally lower equity risk. However, this benefit is conditional on the alliance being new and the partner's existing network not being too interconnected.
Researchers found that cypress trees have a low degree of ignitability, high combustibility, and high sustainability. They propose using cypress barriers to construct a system reducing fire initiation risk in Mediterranean regions.
A recent study found that reduced prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening led to a decline in intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer diagnoses by 28% over a year. However, this reduction also resulted in delayed diagnoses of important cancers in men who may benefit from treatment, according to investigators.
Current harmful alcohol use increases risk of various health issues, including cancers and injuries. The study supports health strategies to reduce harm, especially in low-income countries.
A large study found that adhering to healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet was associated with a reduced risk of depression. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 was also linked to a significant reduction in depression risk, although this effect may be explained by similarities with the Mediterranean diet.
The Hungarian Osteoporosis Prevention Society has been recognized for its exceptional efforts in promoting osteoporosis awareness and prevention, as well as supporting patients through various initiatives. The award acknowledges the society's commitment to reducing falls and osteoporotic fractures among the Hungarian population.
Two studies published in Age and the British Journal of Nutrition show that consuming cocoa flavanols improves cardiovascular function, lowers blood pressure, and reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Flavanol intake is particularly beneficial for maintaining healthy blood vessels and reducing arterial stiffness.
A study published in The BMJ found that patients admitted to NHS hospitals on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays have a higher risk of death compared to those admitted during the week. This "weekend effect" is attributed to reduced support services and increased severity of illness.
Experts call for new international standards and mitigation strategies to minimize the impact of seismic surveys on vulnerable marine life. The proposed measures aim to reduce risks from sound pollution, protect important habitats, and promote coordinated planning across industries and nations.
Patients with inadequate blood pressure control after an intracerebral hemorrhage have a higher risk of recurrence, especially those with worsening hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were associated with increased risks of lobar and nonlobar ICH recurrence, respectively.
Experts in an editorial published in Open Heart argue that promoting nutritional value over calorie counting can rapidly improve health outcomes. Boosting omega 3 fatty acid intake, olive oil, and nut consumption have been associated with reductions in deaths from all causes and cardiovascular disease.
A study published in The BMJ found that trans fats are associated with a greater risk of death and coronary heart disease, but saturated fats are not. The study suggests that industrial trans fats may increase the risk of coronary heart disease and calls for a review of dietary guidelines.
A web-based programme to encourage frequent handwashing reduces respiratory tract infections in UK households, with a 14% risk reduction and lower demand for consultations and antibiotic prescriptions. The study suggests PRIMIT could play an important role in reducing flu spread and strain on NHS services during winter months.
A large observational study found that regular consumption of spicy foods is associated with a lower risk of death, particularly from cancer and heart disease. Participants who ate spicy foods almost every day had a 14% lower risk of death compared to those who consumed them less than once a week.
A Phase III trial found that conditional cash transfers for school attendance had no effect on reducing HIV incidence among high-school aged women in South Africa. However, these women reported fewer risk behaviors, such as fewer sex partners and less unprotected sex.
Reducing stillbirth risk calls for improved pregnancy monitoring and early detection of high-risk pregnancies. Targeted delivery interventions, such as induced labor and low-dose aspirin, may also help lower stillbirth rates.
A study published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found a 15% lower risk of cardiovascular disease and 20% lower risk of early death with high vitamin C blood levels. Vitamin C's antioxidant properties help protect cells from damage, supporting overall health.
Patients with a first episode of pulmonary embolism who received 6 months of anticoagulant treatment showed reduced risk of additional blood clots and major bleeding when treated for an additional 18 months. However, this benefit was not sustained after discontinuation of therapy.
Researchers found that white women with surgical-induced menopause had a 35% reduced risk of non-fatal heart attacks compared to white men, while black women showed less significant differences. The study suggests that healthy preventive behaviors are crucial for all women, regardless of menopausal status.
A study analyzing health insurance data found that long-term treatment with pioglitazone significantly decreases the risk of developing dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes. The medication lowers the risk by approximately half compared to non-diabetics, with a notable protective effect against Alzheimer's disease.
Research highlights the potential role of moderate coffee consumption in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. Key findings include an estimated 21% reduction in CVD mortality risk at a daily intake of 3-5 cups, as well as associations with lower type 2 diabetes risk and improved lifestyle habits.
A report by Princeton researchers suggests that partnering with Iran's neighbors and E3+3 nations could reduce proliferation risks. The authors propose a multinational approach to uranium enrichment, giving access to the plant while ensuring transparency.
A Concordia University study found that designated minimum separation distances (MSDs) can effectively reduce the risk of electromagnetic interference caused by wireless transmitters in hospitals. By complying with MSD policies, hospital staff can minimize the risk of device malfunctions and ensure patient safety.
A meta-analysis of 14 medium- to high-quality studies found that gentamicin-collagen sponges significantly reduced the incidence of sternal wound infections by 38% compared to controls. The use of sponges also reduced the risk of life-threatening inflammation of mid-chest tissues (mediastinitis).
A recent study published by Chapman University researchers found that greater life satisfaction in older adults is associated with a reduced risk of mortality. The study also revealed that variability in life satisfaction across time increases mortality risk, particularly among less satisfied individuals.
Women who attend breast cancer screening between ages 50-69 have a 40% reduced risk of dying from breast cancer. Regular screening is also associated with a 23% risk reduction, resulting in approximately eight deaths prevented per 1,000 women regularly attending screening.
A study of 1169 Medicare beneficiaries found that those with impaired smell identification were at higher mortality risk. Participants with the worst smelling ability had a 45% mortality rate after 4 years, significantly higher than those with the best scores.
Researchers have developed a simple score that uses self-reported information to predict an individual's risk of dying within 5 years. The score can be calculated online using a questionnaire and has been validated in a large study sample, showing high accuracy in predicting mortality risk.
A meta-analysis of existing data found that the Safe Surgery Checklist (SSCL) improves outcomes worldwide, reducing mortality by 21% in high-income countries and 35% in low-middle income countries. The checklist also significantly reduces surgical site infections and postoperative complications.
A Danish study suggests that type 2 diabetes is associated with a reduced risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The study found that older age at diagnosis for either disease was associated with lower risk. The findings focus attention on the role of energy metabolism in ALS pathogenesis.
A study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found that patients taking metformin hydrochloride had a 25% reduced risk of developing open-angle glaucoma compared to those who took no metformin. Higher doses of metformin were associated with greater reductions in OAG risk, suggesting potential benefits for eye health.
Researchers found that women who adhered to a Mediterranean diet most closely lowered their risk of womb cancer by more than half. The diet's components included eating lots of vegetables, fruits and nuts, pulses, cereals and potatoes, fish, monounsaturated fats, and moderate alcohol intake.
A large European cohort study found that higher fibre intake was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Cereal fibre had the strongest inverse association, suggesting it may help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
A new study suggests that early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The research found that screening followed by treatment led to a reduced risk of cardiovascular events within five years compared to patients with no screening.
Research published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that long-term depression can increase stroke risk in adults over 50, with risks remaining even after symptoms subside. The study of 16,178 participants showed that those with high depressive symptoms had a higher risk of first-time stroke.
A University of Alberta study found that prenatal exercise lowers the risk of Caesarean sections and larger-than-average babies. Women who exercised had a 31% lower risk of giving birth to an oversized baby without increasing the risk of smaller or earlier births.
Treatment at comprehensive stroke centers is associated with a 7% reduced risk of death for all hemorrhagic strokes and a 27% reduced risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients transferred within 24 hours to these centers have a 36% lower mortality rate compared to those remaining in primary care centers or non-stroke centers.
Using disinfectant wipes after preparing poultry reduces the risk of Campylobacter food poisoning by up to 99.2%. The antibacterial solution left behind on surfaces continues to disinfect over time, protecting against bacterial transfer and illness.
Household pets can transmit infection to people, especially those with weak immune systems. Surprisingly, the general public and people at high risk for pet-associated disease are not aware of the risks associated with high-risk pet practices or recommendations to reduce them.
A new study found that wind instrument players have a reduced risk of developing obstructive sleep apnoea. The researchers believe this is due to increased muscle tone in the upper airways, common among wind instrument players.
Researchers found that highly fit smokers had a 48% lower risk of metabolic syndrome compared to those in low fitness categories. Additionally, moderate fitness levels were associated with reduced risks for elevated fasting blood glucose and abnormal HDL cholesterol levels.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that high-fat dairy products are associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Researchers analyzed data from 27,000 individuals and found those who consumed more high-fat dairy had a 23% lower risk
Researchers developed a new Hockey STAR rating system to evaluate helmet protection against concussions and head injuries in ice hockey. The system assigns a value to each helmet based on its ability to protect players from head impacts, driving manufacturers to advance helmet design.
A diet high in whole grains and cereal fibers is associated with a reduced risk of premature death. Researchers found that consuming an average of 1.2 ounces of whole grains per 1000 kcal per day was linked to a 17% reduced risk of premature death compared to those consuming less.
A computer modeling analysis led by UC Irvine scientists found that levee detonations in 2011 reduced the risk of flooding in a city upstream. The study showed that allowing levees to overtop naturally would have resulted in less erosion and similar damage to crops and buildings.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that healthy middle-aged and older adults can reduce their risk of heart disease by adapting to current UK dietary guidelines. The trial revealed significant reductions in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and body weight.
A study published in JAMA Network found that combining folic acid with the hypertension medication enalapril significantly reduced the risk of first stroke among over 20,000 Chinese adults with high blood pressure. The treatment also showed significant reductions in ischemic stroke and composite cardiovascular events.
A new study found that antidepressants may be more important than statins in reducing the risk of heart disease in patients with moderate to severe depression. Patients who took antidepressants alone had a 53% lower risk of death, coronary artery disease, or stroke during a three-year follow-up period.
Researchers identified a genetic risk score that predicts cardiovascular death and heart attack risk, with individuals in the highest genetic risk group experiencing a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk with statin therapy. The study found a three-fold increase in absolute risk reduction in those with high genetic risk.
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that nut and peanut consumption was associated with a reduced risk of total mortality and cardiovascular disease death across different ethnic groups. The study suggested that peanuts, due to their affordability, may be a cost-effective measure to improve cardiovascular health.
A 20-year follow-up study found that frequent sauna use can reduce the risk of cardiac death in men. Men who used saunas 4-7 times a week were 63% less likely to experience sudden cardiac death compared to those using them once a week. Longer sauna sessions also reduced cardiovascular risks.
A new study found that intensive lifestyle intervention or medication can significantly reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in women who had gestational diabetes. Women with a history of gestational diabetes were less likely to develop diabetes when assigned to take metformin or undergo intensive lifestyle intervention.
Men who used saunas frequently had reduced risks of fatal cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. The risk was particularly lower for those using the sauna 2-3 times per week, with significant reductions in cardiovascular disease and death rates observed.