Articles tagged with Cancer Treatments
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Researchers have identified a combination of medications that may improve blood flow within granulomas, benefiting drug delivery and reducing bacterial burden in tuberculosis-infected rabbits. The study leverages decades of cancer research to study tuberculosis-affected lung tissue and improves treatment.
Researchers found no significant differences between standard and keyhole surgical incision types on short-term clinical outcomes, physical function recovery, or NHS resource costs for oesophageal cancer patients. The ROMIO study suggests that surgeons can maintain their preferred procedure type without compromising patient care.
Research reveals a significant connection between oral bacteria and accelerated pancreatic cancer development in mice. Viable Porphyromonas gingivalis was found in the pancreas of healthy mice after gum application, causing changes in the organ's microbial balance.
Researchers have discovered a new immunotherapy approach to overcome resistant leukemia by targeting the mutated TP53 gene. Combining pharmacological therapies with genetically engineered CAR T-cells increases effectiveness against cancer cells, offering promising strategies for patients with resistant disease.
Researchers have developed a new tool to help clinics recruit patients from more communities by analyzing nearby hospitals serving diverse populations. The approach aims to increase accessibility and diversity in cancer trials, with the potential to improve patient outcomes.
NeXT Personal assay detects up to ~1,800 somatic variants specific to the patient's tumor with a detection threshold of 1.67 PPM and 99.9% specificity. The assay showed linearity over a range of 0.8 to 300,000 PPM.
A combined PET-MRI scan improved treatment outcomes for 57 out of 205 patients with early-stage breast cancer. The scan helped doctors spot signs of tumour spread, enabling alternative treatments such as chemotherapy or different surgical approaches.
A UNIGE team has identified the mechanism of action of PARP inhibitors, used to treat breast and ovarian cancer. By blocking one activity while preserving another, these inhibitors can maintain toxic effects on cancer cells while sparing healthy cells.
Researchers found that young breast cancer patients who received a low-dose radiotherapy boost had a lower risk of local recurrence after 10 years, with only 4.4% experiencing recurrence. In contrast, high-dose boosts resulted in fewer recurrences but also more severe fibrosis and cosmetic issues.
A study by IRB Barcelona and Sant Joan de Déu Hospital reveals three distinct patterns explaining the occurrence of second cancers in children, including a mutational footprint from chemotherapy. The research advances understanding of pediatric cancer and highlights the importance of clinical data sharing.
A new study suggests that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lumbar puncture may not be necessary for diagnosing and managing immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) in CAR T-cell therapy recipients. EEG findings often led to adjustments in medications, indicating its continued importance as a diagnostic tool.
Researchers have demonstrated that attaching 'empty' backpacks to neutrophils activates them against cancer. The treated neutrophils infused into mice with cancer activated other immune cells and reduced tumor size. This technique is attractive as a 'drug-free' cell therapy for cancer.
Researchers have developed diverse nanoparticles for cancer therapy, including micelles, liposomes, and hybrid nanoparticles, which can overcome challenges and deliver drugs with enhanced targeting abilities.
A meta-analysis of mitochondria-related gene expression data reveals an imbalance in mitochondrial functions after trastuzumab treatment, potentially leading to heart failure. The study provides innovative insights into the mechanisms of trastuzumab cardiotoxicity and informs future drug discovery and precision oncology research.
A new link has been discovered between FBXW7 mutations and EGFR signaling activity in colorectal cancer. The study found that the mutated form of the FBXW7 gene could no longer degrade the EGFR protein, leading to increased signaling activity and a decreased response to anti-EGFR treatment.
A study by Cancer Research UK reveals that mortality rates have dropped by 37% in men and 33% in women, with significant reductions in cervical cancer and lung cancer. However, cancer cases are on the rise overall, and researchers warn of an immense challenge ahead to maintain progress.
A new study from Uppsala University found that women with germ cell tumors have a significantly lower five-year survival rate (85.2%) compared to men (98.2%). The researchers suggest that concentrating patients in fewer hospitals and using treatment strategies for testicular cancer could improve survival rates and reduce side effects.
Researchers developed a machine-learning model to assess prostate cancer biopsy samples, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. The new model, nnU-Net, provides accurate 3D segmentation of glandular tissue structures, leading to better prognostic analyses and potential improvements in patient outcomes.
Researchers developed a new catheter-based device combining FLIM with polarization-sensitive OCT to image atherosclerotic plaques. The hybrid approach provides unprecedented information on plaque morphology, microstructure, and biochemical composition.
A new approach to menopause is needed, focusing on empowering women with high-quality information and empathic clinical care. The experience of menopause varies for each person, and an individualised approach can help women navigate this life stage.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a new method to efficiently determine which lipid nanoparticles are likely to bind to the lungs, rather than the liver. This breakthrough enables targeted delivery of mRNA therapeutics beyond the liver, offering new hope for treatments of cystic fibrosis and lung cancer.
The European LeukemiaNet has published two-part guidelines for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment, covering diagnostics, prognostic factors, response assessments, and comprehensive management. These recommendations are based on a decade of systematic work by European experts, improving the prognosis of adult patients with ALL.
A Cancer Research UK-funded study uses AI to identify two distinct subtypes of prostate cancer, termed evotypes, which could lead to personalized treatments. The discovery has the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes, saving thousands of lives in the future.
A study of 34,500 patients found racial and ethnic disparities in locally advanced rectal cancer treatment outcomes may be influenced by unidentified biological or social factors. Non-Hispanic Black patients were more likely to experience poorer outcomes.
A new study published in Oncotarget reveals a higher prevalence of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in ovarian cancer patients from the Salento peninsula, with 28.6% having familial cases and 39.7% having sporadic cases. The study found that 29.8% of patients were carriers of BRCA1/2 mutation.
Researchers at UCSF have identified AF1q as a universal biomarker for neuroblastoma, a highly aggressive and fatal form of childhood cancer. High-risk cases have a five-year survival rate of just 50%. The study found that silencing AF1q in neuroblastoma cells induces cell death and weakens tumor progression.
A recent study by Pusan National University scientists discovered the crucial role of PKM gene and EPHA2 pathway in HNSCC development. The research highlights the importance of HPV infection status in shaping the tumor microenvironment, enabling precision medicine for targeted treatment.
Researchers developed scSNV-seq to investigate genetic changes affecting gene activity and disease development. The technique accurately assesses the impact of thousands of DNA mutations in cells, providing crucial insights for developing targeted therapies.
A Boston College biologist is studying the mechanisms of viral insulins to develop novel therapeutics for a range of human diseases, including cancers. The researcher has identified six viruses that mimic human insulin and IGF-1, which can block an important receptor, leading to potential affordable treatments.
Researchers found GZ17-6.02 alone and in combination with standard-of-care agents was effective in killing MF cells, activating key pathways including ATM, AMPK, NFκB, and macroautophagy. The compound's unique multi-factorial mechanism suggests potential for treating mycosis fungoides.
A recent study by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory researchers reveals that chronic stress can increase cancer's ability to spread. By mimicking chronic stress in mice with cancer, the team discovered that stress causes neutrophils to form sticky web-like structures called NETs, making body tissues more susceptible to metastasis.
Researchers developed a CRISPR RNA-editing platform to regulate immune cell metabolism, boosting anti-tumor function and sustaining T cell proliferation. The platform enables reversible changes to gene expression and can be controlled by a drug, offering a safety switch for immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers identified a putative paclitaxel response predictive biomarker for glioblastoma and breast cancer using the whole genome CRISPR knockout screen. The biomarker candidate was validated in two independent breast cancer patient cohorts that received taxane treatment.
A team of researchers from the University of Tokyo demonstrated that a drug, valemetostat, reduces tumor growth in blood cancer by targeting H3K27me3, a protein modification silencing tumor suppressor genes. The treatment restores expression of many tumor suppressor genes and sustains inhibiting tumor cell growth.
Researchers developed a novel machine learning-based approach to analyze diffuse reflectance spectroscopy data, achieving higher accuracies and speeds than existing methods. The 'wavelength-independent regressor' model overcomes use-error limitations by incorporating diverse datasets, making it suitable for clinical settings.
Recent US nationwide data reveal rising HCC incidence and mortality rates primarily affecting men and older adults. The study highlights disparities among racial/ethnic groups and underscores the need for targeted early detection, intervention, and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Researchers found that Inuit residents in Nunavik had shorter survival rates for lung cancer compared to Montreal residents, despite similar disease stages. The study attributes this disparity to chronic under-resourcing of healthcare services and lack of Inuit representation in healthcare provision.
Researchers identified NTRK gene fusion in 1.5% of Finnish papillary thyroid cancer patients, with notable co-occurring genetic alterations and favorable treatment outcomes. The study highlights the potential for biobank samples linked to electronic health records to describe patient characteristics and outcomes.
A team of scientists has developed a new treatment for chronic wounds that uses ionized gas plasma to decontaminate and heal wounds. The technology shows promise in treating diabetic foot ulcers, internal wounds, and potentially cancerous tumours.
A study published in Oncotarget has identified specific mutational and therapeutic landscapes of pancreatic cancer in the Russian population. By applying machine learning models to full exome individual data, researchers received personalized recommendations for targeted treatment options for each clinical case.
Researchers discovered that blocking efferocytosis pathway prevents immunosuppressive activity in macrophages, restoring T cell activation and reducing metastatic tumour burden. The study found PDAC metastases to show high levels of immunosuppressive macrophages, promoting tumour growth.
Researchers have developed a new approach to treating cutaneous neurofibromas, a common skin tumor associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. By targeting the cAMP and Ras/MAPK pathways, this combination therapy may provide an enduring halt in the expansion of these tumors.
Researchers developed a novel assay that integrates data from four fusion callers to identify disease-related gene fusions in pediatric tumors with high accuracy and efficiency. The new bioinformatics platform detected fusions, prioritized them, and custom curated downstream processes for consensus fusion calling.
A team of physicists and veterinary scientists at Purdue University has developed a method to detect chemoresistance in cancer patients using biodynamic imaging (BDI). This technique measures the motions inside cancer cells and how they respond to chemotherapy, identifying patients who will not respond to treatment. The study shows pro...
Researchers at Aston University have discovered that aging skin exhibits distinct optical properties under polarised laser light. This finding could lead to the development of non-invasive light-based techniques for early detection and monitoring of skin conditions, including cancer.
A new tumor spatial mapping tool will help clinicians assess the aggressiveness of cancer and personalize treatment. The tool maps the functional state of oncoproteins onto tumour images, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and informed treatment decisions.
Researchers develop a novel genomic classification system that categorizes patients into 12 distinct groups based on their underlying genomic profiles. The individualized risk model, IRMMa, uses advanced statistical methodologies to generate tailored predictions of patient response to different therapies.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have developed a mouse model that illuminates the process of histological transformation, where adenocarcinoma transforms into aggressive small cell lung cancer. The study suggests targeting Myc proteins as potential therapeutic approaches for this deadly type of cancer.
Researchers found elevated PROX1 levels in advanced colon adenocarcinoma, correlating with poor prognosis. PROX1 modulates CRC cell behavior, influencing invasiveness and survival outcomes. The combined PROX1/α-SMA gene set emerges as a potential CRC prognostic marker.
A microfluidic chip can remove undifferentiated cells that could form tumors before they are implanted in a patient, improving the safety and effectiveness of cell therapy. The device can sort over 3 million cells per minute without causing damage to fully-formed progenitor cells.
A Phase I first-in-human clinical trial has demonstrated the safety and anti-tumor activity of OMO-103, a novel MYC inhibitor. The study showed favorable safety profile with only mild side effects, and notable clinical benefits in patients, including disease stabilization and tumor shrinkage.
A systematic analysis by MedUni Vienna's Center for Public Health found that people experiencing homelessness are twice as likely to develop cancer due to increased exposure to risk factors. Key barriers include lack of access to preventive services, inadequate support from healthcare systems, and traumatic experiences.
Researchers have developed a novel virtual reality-based relaxation therapy that helps cancer patients in palliative care manage symptoms and stress better. The therapy, known as FLOW-VRT-Relaxation, combines standard-of-care relaxation techniques with immersive VR experiences to promote psychological states of flourishing.
Researchers have uncovered the molecular and ultrastructural features of BCAS1+ cells in diffuse gliomas, highlighting their proliferative capacity and distribution. The study provides a comprehensive characterization of the BCAS1+ cell population within diffuse gliomas, shedding light on its role in tumor malignancy.
Researchers have identified regional biological signatures in invasive brain tumor margins of high-grade glioma, which could lead to improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Advanced MRI techniques may help distinguish between the genetic and molecular alterations, providing insights into resistance to treatment.
A recent study has identified a promising solution to combat resistance to protein degraders, which are a novel approach in drug discovery. The researchers found that the drug RBS-10 selectively removes resistant cells by targeting the enzyme NQO1, which is overexpressed in these cells.
A pilot study proposes a promising global genomic assay for diagnosing molecular subtypes in pediatric B-ALL, leading to more accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment options. RNA sequencing analysis accurately identified subtypes in all known cases and determined genetic subtype in 79% of previously unknown cases.
Researchers report a case of a patient with EGFR L858R mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who experienced durable disease improvement after empirical treatment with osimertinib. The 'Lazarus effect' refers to the phenomenon where cancer appears to recur after seeming to be in remission.
Researchers developed an mRNA therapeutic that combats ovarian cancer by producing functional p53 protein, shrinking and killing tumors. The treatment is effective against metastases and has shown promise in preclinical studies.
Researchers develop technology that alleviates retinal pathologies by targeting mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1, which is implicated in the breakdown of blood-retinal barrier and pathological neovascularization. This treatment approach holds great promise for revolutionizing the treatment landscape for ischemic retinopathy.