Articles tagged with Cancer Treatments
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Researchers at UC Santa Barbara discovered that macrophages can be programmed to respond to light, triggering an increase in their appetite and improving the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. The findings offer a new way to enhance trained immunity, a type of memory exhibited in the innate immune system.
Researchers found that a simplified two-question test can predict smoking abstinence in cancer patients with equal accuracy as the full Fagerström Test. However, the test may not work well for Non-Hispanic Black people with a cancer diagnosis. The study aims to help doctors tailor tests for different groups.
Researchers at the University of Bologna have identified a specific location and genomic context where DNA breaks occur due to topoisomerase I inhibition. This discovery could lead to new cancer treatments by inducing DNA damage and genomic instability in cancer cells.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the function of APE1 in DNA damage response, showing that it promotes SSB-induced ATM DDR through two mechanisms. The study provides direct evidence for APE1's active role in activating ATM kinase to promote the repair of single-strand DNA damage.
A new study suggests that MRI scans can help doctors identify patients with more aggressive prostate cancer, allowing for earlier treatment or active surveillance. The research found that suspicious lesions on an MRI test were associated with a higher risk of advanced disease in five years.
Researchers classify glioblastoma's molecular profiles to develop targeted therapies, offering a nuanced view of its adaptability and response to treatment pressures. This study enhances our comprehension of this aggressive cancer and paves the way for personalized medicine.
A new editorial published in Aging suggests that starting targeted cancer therapies with high concentrations may slow down the selection for resistance. This approach could potentially be used as a preemptive measure to minimize the development of resistance.
Researchers have developed novel X-ray-sensitizers that can efficiently generate singlet oxygen for targeted cancer therapy using low-dose X-rays. This breakthrough could lead to a more effective and patient-friendly alternative to current radiotherapy methods, potentially reducing the risk of adverse effects.
A new clinical algorithm developed at the University of Gothenburg can accurately identify highly aggressive forms of basal cell carcinoma. The algorithm uses a combination of clinical and dermoscopic images to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk tumors, allowing for more effective treatment and better patient outcomes.
Researchers found correlations between MIF and DDT levels with patient survival outcomes in melanoma patients. Higher CD74:MIF and CD74:DDT levels were associated with improved survival and enrichment of inflammatory markers.
Researchers found that lower doses of radiopharmaceutical therapy approaches for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer were just as effective as the standard dose, with better tolerability among patients. The study showed improved PSA response rates and comparable median overall survival in both groups.
Researchers have discovered a protein function that could guide novel cancer treatment options and improve diagnostic procedures for various cancers. The tumour-suppressing protein p16 has the ability to dramatically alter its structure and function, with potential implications for cancer formation and therapy response.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have discovered that the tumor suppressor protein Par-4 can cause a unique type of cell death called ferroptosis in human glioblastoma cells, while sparing healthy cells. This new understanding has the potential to inform the development of novel treatments for various hard-to-treat cancers and neurodegener...
Researchers analyzed collision-type mixed ductal-lobular breast cancers and found that IDC and ILC regions had distinct gene expression profiles. The study reveals tremendous variation within this already highly variable disease, highlighting the need for personalized treatments.
Scientists at IRB Barcelona have discovered a link between gene copy number alterations and mutations in tumour suppressor genes, which could lead to new cancer treatments. The study found that both increases and decreases in the number of gene copies can drive cancer evolution.
Scientists improve stability and bioavailability of mRNA nanocarriers using triphenylphosphonium, leading to increased protein production in tumor tissues. The TPP-based system also shows higher mRNA levels in blood after 30 minutes compared to amine-based micelles.
A distinct TNF-α signaling program has been identified as a key driver of epithelial cancer development, contributing to cell proliferation and invasion. The researchers found that this program is active in both normal tissues and tumors, but its level of activity correlates with tumor aggressiveness.
A retrospective cohort study found hormone-modulating therapy protected against Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. The protective effect varied by age and race, with greater benefit for Black women under 75.
Researchers grew crystals containing actinium and studied its atomic structure, revealing how it interacts with surrounding atoms. The study could help design better targeted alpha therapy for cancer treatment.
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) offers groundbreaking insights into brain cells and tissues, enabling early detection and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases. The review highlights the potential of AFM in characterizing biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood to enhance diagnosis and treatment.
A new cellular immunotherapy approach shrank tumors in several patients with metastatic colon cancer, showing promise for treating other solid cancers. The treatment involved genetically engineered lymphocytes that recognized and attacked specific cancer cells.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have identified a new mechanism of resistance to KRAS inhibitors in pancreatic cancer, suggesting an opportunity to make the treatment more effective. The study found that a more aggressive subtype of pancreatic tumor is likely to respond well to KRAS inhibitors.
Scientists developed customized AI tools, including ChatGPT, to provide accurate responses on digital pathology. The tools help pathologists without extensive coding experience analyze tissue samples, bridging the gap between pathology and digital pathology skills.
Researchers at the University of Plymouth have discovered that administering a HDAC6 inhibitor prior to radiotherapy can inhibit cellular growth and increase cell death in meningioma samples. This promising approach could lead to improved treatment outcomes for malignant meningioma patients.
Researchers found that regorafenib synergizes with TAS102 to inhibit cancer growth, angiogenesis, and microvessel density in preclinical models of colorectal and gastric cancers. The combination also suppresses ERK1/2 activation regardless of KRAS or BRAF mutational status.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame have developed a wireless LED device that can be implanted to treat deep-seated cancers. The device, combined with a light-sensitive dye, destroys cancer cells and triggers an immune response against them.
The study identified RNF144B as a tumour suppressor that prevents genomic instability, but low expression leads to poor prognosis and treatment resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. The research suggests that even non-mutated genes like RNF144B can have a significant impact on cancer development.
Researchers have identified a novel type of T cell that can recognize and respond to multiple bacterial strains in the gut. This breakthrough finding has significant implications for treating diseases such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. The discovery was made by Kazuki Nagashima, winner of the NOSTER & Science Microbiome Prize.
Researchers found that bowel cancer cells can regulate their growth using genetic on-off switches, allowing them to maximize survival chances. The study also showed that DNA repair genes can be repeatedly created and repaired, acting as 'genetic switches' to control tumour growth or put the brakes back on.
A new editorial paper discusses molecular and cytogenetic analyses used to identify distinct subtypes of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Researchers found that around 15% of AML cases remain genetically unclassifiable, emphasizing the need for further research.
African American woman breast cancer survivor talking about her experience with breast cancer and the impact of breast cancer on women's lives. The American Cancer Society is a leading organization in cancer research, patient services, and advocacy.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed molecules that can correct improper splicing of a vital tumor suppressor gene in neuroendocrine cancers. The study demonstrates that these splice-switching oligonucleotides can significantly reduce viable cancer cells and tumor size in mice, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for intr...
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a new method to treat cancer using T cells, which was discovered by chance. The two-step process 'metabolically priming' enhances the ability of T cells to target tumors and survive longer in the body.
Researchers develop optogenetic system to precisely target cancer cells using light, inducing inflammatory cell death and triggering immune response. The approach aims to modulate the immune suppressive environment around cancer cells, helping T cells recognize and attack the disease.
A recent study published in JAMA found that transgender women on hormone therapy have drastically lower PSA levels, which may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. The researchers analyzed Veterans Health Administration records and recommended caution when interpreting PSA values in transgender women.
Researchers at the University of Zurich have discovered a factor secreted by tumor cells that impeds the effectiveness of therapies. The POSTN gene plays an important role in resistant tumors and triggers resistance through its interaction with immune cells, particularly macrophages.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen reveals that AI has helped detect significantly more cases of breast cancer and reduce radiologist workloads. The AI system has been used to analyze tens of thousands of X-rays every year, resulting in a 12% increase in detected cases, including more small tumours of one centimetre or less.
AlphaFold's groundbreaking ability to predict protein structures is set to transform predictive medicine, enabling the development of personalized vaccines and adaptive clinical trials. However, the review also highlights crucial challenges and ethical considerations surrounding AI integration with clinical data.
A new biomarker has been discovered that can help predict which patients with clear cell renal cancer are at higher risk of recurrence. The 15-gene signature was found to be independently associated with worse disease-free survival and disease-specific survival in two large validation datasets.
A novel inhibitor HVH-2930 targeting heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) demonstrates efficacy against drug-resistant breast cancer cells. It selectively downregulates HER2 signaling, crucial for breast cancer progression, without triggering the heat shock response.
Researchers developed ultrasound-assisted photothermal therapy (ULTRA-PTT) to overcome limitations of light penetration depth, achieving deeper imaging and improved treatment efficacy. The technology uses air bubbles created by ultrasound energy, minimizing optical scattering and ensuring safety for human application.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have identified a small molecule compound that restores physiological levels of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), reducing cellular senescence and tissue inflammation. TERT restoration also spurred new neuron formation with improved memory and enhanced neuromuscular function.
A large international multicenter observational study showed an overall sustained virological response (SVR12) rate of 96.9% for 15,849 patients with chronic hepatitis C, despite including many patients with cirrhosis, HCC, prior treatment failure, and the use of older DAAs.
A study published in Journal of Clinical Oncology found that socioeconomic status significantly impacts the quality of life of women diagnosed with breast cancer. Women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds experience more pronounced physical and psychological side effects, despite similar medical treatment.
A new machine-learning model using serum fusion-gene levels predicts HCC with an accuracy of 83-91%, significantly improving upon current biomarkers like serum alpha-fetal protein. This breakthrough tool may help identify patients at risk and monitor cancer recurrence, leading to improved survival rates.
A new trial indicates that immunotherapy could successfully treat the most common form of colorectal cancer. The study, published in Nature Medicine, found that botensilimab and balstilimab caused tumours to shrink or remain stable in 61% of patients with microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer.
Researchers explore Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (Erk5) and its unique structures regulating autophosphorylation and transcription. Erk5 is involved in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, energy metabolism, tumor growth, and metastasis, making it a potential target for cancer treatment.
Researchers discovered that T-cell aging is not limited by organismal age, and healthy T cells can proliferate indefinitely. The epigenetic clock of T cells shows that death is not the end, and these cells do not plateau with age, defying traditional notions of cellular aging.
A new study by a global consortium provides insight into how tumors evolve, shedding light on the intricate processes underlying cancer evolution. The findings define optimal algorithms to analyze tumor evolution, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to treat colorectal cancer using simultaneous delivery of alpha- and beta-radionuclides, significantly reducing side effects. The therapy, known as pretargeted dual-isotope radionuclide therapy, has been shown to be effective in inducing tumor shrinkage and cures.
Researchers developed a nine-week, phone-delivered positive psychology program called PATH to improve psychological well-being in blood cancer patients. The intervention had promising effects on patient-reported outcomes, with high participation and completion rates.
Researchers identify UBE2J1's role in degrading the androgen receptor, a key player in prostate cancer progression. The study suggests targeting this ubiquitination machinery may help overcome antiandrogen resistance in cancer therapy.
A research team from the University of Liège has discovered that inhibition of VARS enzyme can prevent therapeutic resistance in melanoma by resensitising tumours. This breakthrough offers new hope for patients with resistant melanoma, paving the way for treatment combinations and enhancing targeted therapy efficacy.
Researchers developed DiFC, a two-color diffuse flow cytometry system that detects rare cancer cells in the bloodstream without invasive methods. The technology provides insights into cancer progression and response to treatments by studying different subpopulations of cancer cells simultaneously.
Researchers found that only 41.5% of cancer patients could successfully book a new appointment at a clinic due to various barriers, including language issues and workflow challenges.
Researchers developed a human pancreatic cancer fibrotic barrier model to assess treatment strategies and test efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Inhibition of ROCK2 pathway resulted in reduced ECM remodeling and improved tissue permeability for drugs, highlighting its potential for enhancing drug delivery in PDAC.
This article reviews natural products used in cancer therapy, highlighting promising compounds and their underlying mechanisms of action. The review discusses the role of natural products in tumor therapy, from basic research to clinical perspectives.
Researchers discuss Ibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment, noting 20-25% of patients experience dose-limiting cardiovascular toxicities. A recent study identifies genetic biomarkers, such as KCNQ1 and GATA4, associated with cardiotoxic events, which may improve risk stratification.
A quality improvement analysis found that many US residents live within 30 miles of a clinical trial site, highlighting disparities in access. The study highlights concerns about equity and fairness in healthcare resource distribution, particularly for marginalized communities.
A cohort study found that decentralization through telemedicine and local care can substantially reduce cancer care's environmental impact. The study also showed small reductions in human mortality as a result of these changes.