Articles tagged with Chemotherapy
The American Society for Radiation Oncology updates its clinical guideline to recommend concurrent chemotherapy for certain patients with incurable stage III non-small cell lung cancer, improving quality of life and alleviating symptoms. The new guideline also provides recommendations for delivery and dosing of radiation therapy.
A new device developed by MIT researchers can monitor white blood cell levels at home without taking blood samples, potentially preventing thousands of infections among chemotherapy patients. The technology uses a tabletop prototype that records video of blood cells flowing through capillaries beneath the skin's surface.
A global clinical trial collaboration published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that stage III colon cancer patients can cut their chemotherapy treatments in half after surgery, reducing costs and side effects. For low-risk patients with shallow tumors and few affected lymph nodes, a three-month course is shown to be safe ...
Researchers at the University of Johannesburg have discovered a new family of economical silver-based complexes that show very promising results against various human cancers. These complexes, such as UJ3, are selective and have low toxicity, making them a potential alternative to existing chemotherapy drugs.
Researchers at Saint Louis University discovered a method to block chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain by supplementing a key signaling pathway. The study found that oxaliplatin, a widely used cancer drug, causes debilitating side effects due to increased adenosine kinase expression in astrocytes.
A multi-arm, placebo-controlled study showed that ACE inhibitors and beta blockers can significantly offset the risk of heart problems for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. The data demonstrated a significant reduction in cardiotoxicity for patients on these medications who received doxorubicin before Herceptin.
A study found that women with breast cancer who took the beta blocker carvedilol during chemotherapy had lower levels of a protein indicative of heart injury, but no difference in heart function. The study's lead author notes that further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore potential benefits for higher-risk patients.
A study found that ACE-inhibitors and beta blockers can reduce the risk of heart damage in women receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapy alongside trastuzumab. However, these medications were not effective for those without a history of anthracycline exposure.
Researchers developed light-responsive vesicles that can deliver anticancer drugs at precise timing and location. The technology uses a near-infrared laser to break the vesicles apart, releasing the drug only in targeted areas, reducing damage to healthy tissue.
Research reveals geographical differences in lung cancer treatment rates in England significantly impact patient survival. If optimal treatment levels were achieved, approximately 800 additional years of life could be gained annually for patients.
Scientists at University of Cambridge have found a rare mineral vaterite in the protective silvery-white crust on alpine plants' leaves. The discovery has potential uses in drug delivery and other industries due to its high loading capacity and solubility properties.
Researchers found that antibiotics can hinder the efficacy of some cancer treatments, particularly adoptive T-cell therapy, by impacting the gut microbiota. However, CAR T-cell therapy appears to be less affected by antibiotic use.
Elevated GRP78 expression is linked to resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis in various cancers. The unfolded protein response regulates cell survival through GRP78, which modulates the PI3K/AKT pathway.
A study found that delivering infused chemotherapy in a physician office resulted in lower healthcare expenditures for commercial health insurers. The study analyzed data from over 283,000 patients who received infused chemotherapy between 2004 and 2014. Delivering chemotherapy at a physician office was associated with lower spending c...
A study of nearly 800 postmenopausal women found that four commonly used prognostic breast cancer tests have varying abilities to predict disease recurrence. The tests, including Oncotype Dx and Prosigna Risk of Recurrence Score, were compared for their accuracy in predicting whether the cancer will return after five years.
Research identified gene variant ABCC2's role in eliminating chemotherapy, affecting treatment response. Variants associated with high drug elimination rates may lead to reduced treatment effectiveness.
Researchers at University of Warwick and Monash University have developed a platinum-based chemotherapy drug candidate that kills cancer cells in targeted areas without harming healthy tissue. The treatment is activated by light, reducing toxic side effects.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new mechanism for controlled, sustained drug delivery using self-assembled nanomaterials. The system can slowly release drug carriers over months, reducing systemic side effects and inflammation.
A new optical imaging system uses red and near-infrared light to identify breast cancer patients who are likely to respond to chemotherapy. The system analyzes blood flow dynamics in response to a single breath hold and has been shown to correctly identify responders in 92.3% of patients.
Researchers used molecular simulations to understand resistance to osimertinib, an effective anticancer drug for non-small-cell lung cancer. The study identified a novel mutation, L718Q, that causes drug resistance by changing the protein's structure, making it harder for the drug to bind.
A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial found that combining a 'soft' chemotherapy with antiHER2 therapy is highly active and has low toxicity in older patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer. The regimen resulted in a seven-month longer progression-free survival compared to targeted therapy alone.
Cancer cells can lose multidrug resistance capabilities for days, creating a therapeutic window for chemotherapy. A breakthrough technique uses nanoparticles and near infrared laser treatment to cut off energy supply to efflux pumps, reducing resistance.
Researchers discovered that inhibiting HDAC6 improves the structural stability of cells, protecting against neuronal damage. This finding has therapeutic potential for treating peripheral neuropathies caused by Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and chemotherapy side effects.
Researchers have developed 'hairy' nanoparticles that can assemble and disassemble on demand, allowing for simultaneous delivery of therapeutic drugs and heating to cancer cells. This technology combines light-sensitive materials with water-repelling yet light-absorbing materials to create photo-responsive gold nanoparticles.
Scientists at ICIQ discover a novel methodology to create carbynes using visible light and photocatalysts. They use these molecules to add chiral fragments to existing compounds, accelerating the drug discovery process.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered that two proteins, COX2 and YAP1, work together to maintain bladder cancer stem cells, which cause chemotherapy resistance. Targeting these proteins may lead to improved treatment outcomes for patients with bladder cancer.
Researchers at Southern Methodist University have discovered three drug-like compounds that successfully reverse chemotherapy failure in three of the most commonly aggressive cancers. The compounds were tested on micro-tumors and showed effectiveness against specific cancers, giving hope for developing new drugs to fight cancer.
Researchers found adding hydroxyurea to current chemotherapy protocol significantly increased survival in animal models of glioblastoma, a deadly brain cancer. The combination led to a significant increase in survival and even induced remission in some cases.
Conventional cancer therapy can create an inflammatory cascade in the body, leading to aggressive tumor progression and recurrence. However, resolvins have been shown to counteract these effects, enhancing the body's clearance of cell debris and reducing tumor growth.
Scientists from King's College London have discovered a new drug combination that effectively awakens the immune system to attack cancer. The breakthrough involves combining chemotherapy with a drug trialled for neonatal jaundice, which targets an enzyme called Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and promotes tumour growth.
A new antifungal compound has been shown to effectively treat drug-resistant Candida auris, a major contributor to hospital outbreaks and deadly infections. The novel mechanism of action suggests the potential for broader treatment applications across fungal species.
Researchers discover that training the innate immune system through β-glucan can prime it to respond more robustly to threats, including infections and chemotherapy. This approach could lead to new strategies for preventing neutropenia and improving treatment outcomes.
Elderly patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showed improved overall survival when treated with chemoradiation compared to definitive radiation alone. Treatment with concurrent or sequential CRT was associated with a 33% reduction in the risk of death.
Scientists create nanoparticles that can penetrate extracellular matrix surrounding tumors, delivering chemotherapies specifically to cancer cells. The 'protocell' nanoparticle overcomes previous limitations by carving through the matrix and releasing drugs in acidic cell interiors, showing promise for treating solid tumors.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have developed a new line of attack against cancer using an organic-osmium compound, JPC11, which targets a metabolic process relied on by cancer cells. The treatment can be recycled and reused within cancer cells to attack them repeatedly.
A new study by Georgetown University Medical Center researchers found that a widely used gene expression profile test to predict breast cancer recurrence is less cost-effective in real-world practice. The test, Oncotype DX, was initially considered cost-effective but its accuracy and implementation in community settings make it less so.
Manning's research focuses on the role of retinoblastoma protein in regulating chromosome segregation. Her work aims to understand how defects in this process contribute to genetic variability and chemotherapy resistance in tumors. The study may lead to new targets for anti-cancer medications.
A type of soil-dwelling bacterium produces a molecule that induces death in melanoma cells by targeting mitochondria. The molecule, mensacarcin, shows powerful anti-proliferative effects and can activate pathways to apoptosis, or programmed cell death.
A large percentage of US small-cell lung cancer patients do not receive standard chemotherapy and radiation treatments, leading to lower overall survival. Patients with federal insurance are more likely to receive chemotherapy but less likely to receive radiation therapy.
A new clinical trial has shown that a stem cell transplant regimen can improve survival and quality of life for people with severe scleroderma. The study found myeloablative autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant to be superior to treatment with the immune-suppressing drug cyclophosphamide, offering significantly greater long-te...
Research in mice and tissue cultures suggests that vitamin C enhances the killing power of first-line TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. The combination reduces organ burdens faster than the drugs alone, with a potential to shorten TB chemotherapy duration.
PharmaMar has signed a commercialization and distribution license agreement with Megapharm Ltd. for the marine-derived anticancer drug Aplidin² (plitidepsin) in Israel and the Palestinian Authority. The agreement allows for registration and distribution of Aplidn², providing access to a novel therapy for multiple myeloma patients.
Researchers have discovered that experimental diabetes drugs can make cancer cells more vulnerable to traditional chemotherapy agents. The combination of carboplatin and one of the experimental compounds, SR1664, sensitized lung tumor cells and triple-negative breast cancer cells in laboratory models, leading to reduced tumor growth.
A study by Imperial College London has discovered that a drug used to treat iron overload can protect bone marrow areas and allow blood stem cells to survive. This can improve the efficiency of chemotherapy, increasing the five-year survival rate for AML patients over 60 to 5-15 per cent.
Patients with glioblastoma who received TTFields therapy plus chemotherapy had better overall survival and progression-free survival compared to those receiving chemotherapy alone. The study showed significant improvement in treatment outcomes for this aggressive brain tumor.
Researchers identified mutational signatures characteristic of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) as associated with improved clinical outcomes to platinum-based chemotherapy. High HRDetect scores were significantly linked to radiographic tumor shrinkage and longer overall survival in patients treated with the medication.
Researchers at Hong Kong Baptist University developed a new generation of smart anti-cancer drug molecules by connecting a tumor-targeting aptamer with a plant-derived cytotoxic drug. The resulting aptamer-drug conjugate shows excellent antitumor activity and decreased toxicity in experiments using a mouse model.
Researchers at iMM found that certain molecular signals allow cancer cells to survive chemotherapy by altering mitochondrial metabolism. Using VEGF-blocking drugs, they were able to render these cells vulnerable to chemotherapy.
Researchers have found that combining pembrolizumab with high-dose chemotherapy can lead to complete remissions in a significant percentage of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia patients. The study suggests that identifying biomarkers for patients responding to pembrolizumab may improve treatment outcomes.
A Stanford-led study of nearly 3,000 women with early stage breast cancer reveals a significant decline in chemotherapy use between 2013 and 2015, from 34.5% to 21.3%. This decrease reflects a growing trend towards personalized treatment approaches, with physicians increasingly considering tumor genomic testing to guide treatment choices.
A study showed that treating younger patients with a combination of chemotherapy and a molecularly targeted drug significantly improves response over traditional chemotherapy alone. The therapy combination resulted in a complete response rate of 37% compared to 20% historically, with ongoing maintenance showing deepened responses.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center have shown encouraging results in treating multiple myeloma patients with CAR T cell therapy and an experimental monoclonal antibody. The studies targeted the B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) receptor, which is highly expressed in myeloma cells.
A Phase 1 trial of the targeted agent BLU-285 demonstrated rapid and durable responses with minimal adverse effects in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis. The study found that 72% of evaluable patients achieved an overall response, with 100% having disease control.
A phase II trial shows that combining olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, with durvalumab, an immunotherapy drug, achieves 80% disease control at 12 weeks. The treatment is well-tolerated and produces fewer serious side effects compared to chemotherapy.
The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy significantly improves progression-free survival in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC. The study showed that the addition of atezolizumab to bevacizumab and chemotherapy leads to a median PFS of 8.3 months, compared to 6.8 months with bevacizumab and chemotherapy alone.
A new treatment combines traditional chemotherapy with a relatively new cancer drug that targets chemo-resistant tumor cells, loaded into tiny nanoparticles. The treatment shows promise for improving survival rates for endometrial cancer patients and could be used to treat other cancers as well.
Research reveals that cancer survivors experience difficulty conceiving and increased embryo loss, while their children's health remains unaffected. The study highlights the need for continued monitoring across multiple generations to understand the long-term effects of chemotherapy.
Researchers used AI to analyze over 800 natural compounds for similarities in safety and gene-level similarity to metformin and rapamycin. Novel candidate mimetics of these compounds, such as allantoin and ginsenoside, were identified with potential less adverse effects.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed a new method to improve chemotherapy nanodrug delivery by using an FDA-approved nutrition source. This approach reduces toxic side-effects and increases the amount of drugs reaching tumor cells.
Researchers at Saint Louis University have discovered a new defense mechanism in BRCA-deficient cancer cells that allows them to survive and thrive despite chemotherapy drugs. The study reveals the role of nucleases in degrading DNA replication forks, leading to increased chemotherapy sensitivity.