Articles tagged with Bacterial Genomes
A global study of over 700 bacterial genomes found that 87% of the bacteria from dogs and cats belonged to strains identified in humans. The study also revealed high levels of antibiotic resistance, with nearly half of animal-derived samples carrying genes resistant to clinically important antibiotics.
Researchers are studying foul-smelling substances to understand what attracts the New World screwworm, a flesh-eating parasite, to its favorite meal - open wounds. The goal is to develop better lures for trapping this serious threat to the livestock industry.
Researchers at the University of Washington School of Medicine discovered that environmental bacteria can acquire and transfer antibiotic resistance genes to disease-causing bacteria in human lungs. This mechanism, previously unknown, could lead to rapid development of extreme antibiotic resistance. The study highlights the potential f...
Researchers uncovered the genetic history of Acinetobacter baumannii, tracing its evolution over decades to identify key resistance traits and global spread. The study provides valuable insights for guiding policies on antibiotic use and combating this serious healthcare threat.
A study by IRB Barcelona and BSC suggests that the origin of complex cells was a longer, more gradual process than previously thought. The researchers identified signals from bacterial groups and giant viruses that may have facilitated gene exchange, contributing to the complexity of eukaryotic cells.
Researchers at the John Innes Centre discovered a three-gene control hub that enables bacteria to share genes linked to antibiotic resistance. The study found that this mechanism is controlled by a bacterial immune system, which has been repurposed to release gene transfer agents.
Researchers found that microorganisms in the plastisphere have more functional genes to survive under extreme ocean conditions. They can absorb nutrients effectively and utilize alternative energy sources like anoxygenic photosynthesis.
A study in Catalonia uses genomic sequencing to analyze TB bacterial strains, identifying the most frequent lineage and clusters of specific subtypes. The analysis provides insights into disease spread and may help identify outbreaks.
Researchers at Kyoto University have directly captured intermediate structural states of the Na⁺-NQR enzyme using cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The study reveals that redox reactions drive sodium ion transport by changing the enzyme's structure, allowing ions to pass through the bacterial cell membrane.
Researchers used an experimental evolution approach to map genetic mutations in A. baumannii treated with tigecycline and colistin, confirming and extending existing knowledge on major mechanisms of resistance. The study's findings aim to develop genomics-based predictions of drug resistance and susceptibility.
A recent study found extensive antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae, a type of bacteria causing up to 200 million childhood infections. Despite this, the team discovered surprisingly little genetic variation, suggesting a universal vaccine targeting shared features could be developed.
A new study reveals rising rates of invasive SDSE infections across Australia, particularly among older Australians and those from remote regions. The research highlights disparities in health outcomes between regions and populations, emphasizing the need for improved surveillance and prevention strategies.
Researchers have developed a new technique called Dual transposon sequencing to rapidly identify genetic interactions in bacteria. This method reveals vulnerabilities that could be targeted by future antibiotics.
Researchers have developed a method to access a vast reservoir of untapped lifesaving compounds in soil, revealing hundreds of new bacterial genomes and two potential antibiotics. This breakthrough technology, published in Nature Biotechnology, offers a scalable way to scour unculturable bacteria for new drug leads.
Researchers found that children with stable gut microbiomes tend to have better growth outcomes. The study created the first-ever pediatric undernutrition microbial genome catalog, which can predict and prevent malnutrition. This discovery opens the door to new diagnostics and therapeutics for addressing global child stunting issues.
A new study uncovers a 4,000-year-old domesticated sheep infected with the ancient LNBA plague lineage of Yersinia pestis, suggesting a link between livestock and human infections. The discovery sheds light on how this deadly disease spread across thousands of years in Eurasia.
A new study has reconstructed two 4000-year-old genomes from Mycobacterium lepromatosis, a rare pathogen that caused Hansen's Disease in the Americas. The discovery challenges historical records of leprosy's impact on population health and its origins in the continent.
Researchers have identified ten hemagglutinin sub-subclades with distinct antigenic variations, explaining why existing vaccines are ineffective against H9N2 AIVs. Key mutations associated with increased infectivity and pathogenicity in mammals have also been found.
Researchers demonstrated CycloneSEQ's ability to sequence complete bacterial genomes with long-read data and hybrid assembly methods. This work has improved our understanding of microbial functions by closing gaps in genomic assemblies, particularly for complex bacterial communities.
A study by Umea University researchers identifies genes in Staphylococcus aureus that confer immunity against virus infection, a key mechanism to understand antibiotic resistance. Understanding this system could help develop new treatments for serious infections.
University of Queensland scientists used machine learning to predict when bacteria evolved oxygen use, finding some bacteria used it before photosynthesis. The study suggests aerobic metabolism occurred before oxygenic photosynthesis, dating back around 3.2 billion years.
Researchers created a timeline for bacterial evolution and oxygen adaptation using genomic data, fossils, and Earth's geochemical history. Their findings suggest that some bacteria could use trace oxygen long before evolving photosynthesis.
Researchers found two new types of gene clusters capable of producing large volumes of hydrogen in marine bacteria. The study suggests that the diversity in these clusters is related to speciation and ecological niches, with some species producing higher levels of hydrogen than others.
Researchers discovered that a drug-resistant type of bacteria has adapted to produce antimicrobial genetic tools, eliminating its cousins and replacing them as the dominant strain. The finding validates a system developed at Pitt and UPMC for detecting infectious disease outbreaks.
Researchers discovered that sulfur bacteria from the Desulfobacteraceae family work together like a team to break down diverse organic compounds. By analyzing six strains, they found similar molecular strategies and a highly energy-efficient central metabolism pathway, enabling them to thrive in oxygen-free environments.
A team of scientists has developed a cutting-edge technology to analyze bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) using genome sequencing. The 'target enrichment' method enables high-resolution analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis and other pathogens, revealing new insights into their transmission and development pathways.
A new study combines genomic-scale microscopy with a technical innovation to capture genes bacteria turn on in different situations and environments. This technology promises to take the study of bacteria to the next level by providing powerful new insights into bacterial behavior, including gene expression and interactions.
A new study reveals that bacteria species in Lake Mendota rapidly evolve over time, responding to changing seasonal conditions. The researchers found that hundreds of separate species would return almost fully to near copies of their genetic predecessors after a thousand or so generations of evolutionary pressures.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that bacteria used to produce Gruyère, Emmental, and Sbrinz cheese show signs of ancient domestication. The researchers analyzed genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the bacterial strains over a 50-year period, finding low genetic diversity and high stability of traits specific to...
Researchers identify two strains of bacteria producing colibactin as a potential link to colorectal, bladder, and prostate cancers. Targeting these strains with vaccines or probiotics could reduce cancer risk and infection burden.
Researchers developed an artificial intelligence model that selects the best phage cocktail for a given patient based on their genome. The model was tested on a new collection of E. coli strains responsible for pneumonia and showed high success rates.
Two studies found that multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, particularly Escherichia coli ST131 and Providencia stuartii NDM-1, are spreading in healthcare and community settings across Europe. The emergence of these resistant bacteria poses a significant threat to carbapenem treatment effectiveness.
A groundbreaking metagenomic sequencing test has proven effective in rapidly diagnosing almost any kind of pathogen, including viruses, bacteria, fungus or parasite. The test analyzes all nucleic acids present in a sample, replacing multiple tests with a single one and speeding up diagnosis.
A new strain of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ST164, has been spreading widely across Asia, posing significant challenges to global public health. Researchers discovered that 80.9% of A. baumannii bacteria found in patients were CRAB, with ST164 accounting for 40.2% of samples.
Researchers have discovered two previously unknown bacterial species in deep-sea corals from the Gulf of Mexico. These bacteria have extremely reduced genomes and lack the ability to break down carbohydrates, surviving on amino acids instead. The discovery provides insights into the unique adaptations of deep-sea organisms.
Researchers have identified a new group of bacterial toxins that can destroy cells of bacteria and fungi without harming other organisms. The study reveals how these toxins are used by bacteria to compete with other microbes, offering exciting possibilities for clinical and biotechnological applications.
A new study has identified novel strains of microbes that have adapted to use limited resources in cities, including those found in Hong Kong's subways and skin. These microbes can metabolize manufactured products, posing health risks if they are pathogenic.
Researchers developed a novel single-cell genome approach to analyze microbial diversity and genetic features, recovering 300 missed bacterial species and providing insights into antibiotic resistance genes and gene exchange networks. The study has potential applications in public health, environmental monitoring, and agriculture.
A study led by Stanford Medicine scientists reveals that inversions in DNA can occur within a single gene, challenging the central dogma of biology. This discovery has potential applications in synthetic biology and disease regulation.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have developed a streamlined way to engineer bacteriophages, viruses that naturally kill bacteria. The new technique uses retrons to edit phage genomes, allowing for the creation of numerous variants and paving the way for alternative treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections.
Researchers discovered a non-virulent bacterium, Mycobacterium spongiae, that shares 80% of its genetic material with M. tuberculosis, shedding light on the disease's origins. The study provides valuable insights into the evolution and virulence of TB.
A study by Dr. Takanori Sekito and colleagues reveals a strong association between vaginal pathogenic Escherichia coli and recurrent cystitis in postmenopausal women, suggesting that targeting both the urinary bladder and vagina is crucial for effective treatment.
A team of scientists at Gladstone Institutes has developed a new method that enables them to make precise edits in multiple locations within a cell—all at once. They created a tool using molecules called retrons to efficiently modify DNA in bacteria, yeast, and human cells.
Researchers analyzed genomic data and human travel patterns to understand the spread and evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study found that a pneumococcal vaccine reduced antibiotic resistance but allowed non-targeted strains to gain a competitive advantage, suggesting short-lived protection.
A recent study found that antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria endemic to the UK and Norway are not prevalent in Pakistan despite widespread use of antibiotics. The study used genomic surveillance to map different strains of Escherichia coli, highlighting the importance of understanding bacterial threats in specific regions.
A team of Georgia Tech biologists discovered that chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria play a crucial role in providing nitrogen to plants while detoxifying the root zone, enhancing plant health and resilience. This finding highlights the importance of microbes in coastal ecosystems.
Researchers have discovered that complementary genes in bacteria and algae living in the same algal colonies coordinate the use and movement of nutrients within the colony. This discovery could lead to new ways to prevent harmful algal blooms, improving water quality and habitat for aquatic organisms.
Climate change threatens freshwater habitats, disrupting microbial communities essential for nutrient cycling and water quality maintenance. Many abundant freshwater bacteria with small genomes experience extended periods of adaptive standstill, limiting their ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Researchers created GraSSRep and rhea, tools that outperform current methods for handling repeats and structural variants in metagenomic data. These methods use self-supervised learning and graph neural networks to analyze microbiome data, offering new insights into biological processes and potential applications in antibiotic resistance.
Researchers at the University of Trento have identified a collection of molecular tools to rewrite DNA, including a compact Cas9 enzyme from the human microbiome. The discovery has potential for gene therapy applications and could speed up the development of therapies for genetic diseases.
Researchers have recovered ancient microbiomes from 4,000-year-old teeth in Ireland, revealing major changes in oral microenvironments. The study identified bacteria linked to gum disease and provided the first high-quality ancient genome of Streptococcus mutans, a major culprit behind tooth decay.
Researchers deciphered a novel process helping viruses choose to be nasty or friendly to their host bacteria. Phages use the bacterial immune system to make decisions, activating violent mode when necessary.
Researchers at MBL have found a genetic arrangement that confers antibiotic resistance to the bacterium Bacteroides fragilis, which may help it protect itself from tetracycline. The study highlights the role of transposons in horizontal gene transfer and potential mechanisms for controlling gene expression.
Researchers have developed a novel tool for the selective and efficient recovery of large DNA molecules using TAR cloning. This technique has been applied to isolate individual gene alleles, study genome architecture and evolution, and engineer synthetic viruses with novel properties, including vaccine development.
A new Australian study suggests harnessing genomic surveillance technology can detect the rise of deadly 'superbugs', slowing their evolution and spread to improve global health outcomes. The study highlights the need for a multifaceted 'One Health' approach to surveillance, with practical recommendations for implementation.
Researchers at KAUST discovered that certain combinations of stressors increase gene-transfer rates, while others reduce it. They found synergistic effects from combining stressors like UV light and disinfection chemical byproducts, as well as antagonistic effects from chloroform.
A team of scientists has discovered a second toxin produced by the cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola, which is highly toxic and similar to substances used in cancer treatment. The findings could lead to the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
Australian researchers analyzed over 1,300 Golden staph strains, linking specific genes to antibiotic resistance and the bacteria's ability to linger in the bloodstream. The study highlights the diagnostic power of integrating clinical and genomic data to develop targeted solutions for deadly superbug infections.
A new process developed by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters greatly reduces bias in gene amplification, enabling high-coverage genome sequencing from single bacterial cells. The improved method uses an engineered phi29 DNA polymerase that is more efficient and robust than traditional versions.
Researchers investigated factors influencing horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria, finding that divergence and protein connectivity interact to limit its success. The study supports the Complexity Hypothesis, suggesting that newly transferred genes struggle to engage in normal protein-protein interactions.