Articles tagged with Pancreas
The study reveals a functional hierarchy of beta cells, with a small group acting as 'first responders' to initiate the glucose response. These cells produce and supply Vitamin B6 to regulate the activity of other beta cells, offering new insights into diabetes pathology and potential treatments.
A new study from the University of Oklahoma found that measuring circulating microRNAs is likely as effective as measuring blood sugar levels in determining how young people with type 2 diabetes will fare. The study also found a 20% decrease in beta cell function during the first six months of treatment.
A potential new strategy for reducing diabetes risk associated with antipsychotic medications involves co-administering drugs that block dopamine receptors in the brain alongside those that stop these same receptors in the pancreas. This approach may limit metabolic side effects and improve glucose metabolism.
Researchers developed an antioxidant gel to preserve islet function after pancreas removal, significantly improving survival and preserving normal blood sugar levels in animals. The new approach could enable patients to live pain-free without complications of diabetes.
An experimental monoclonal antibody drug called mAb43 appears to prevent and reverse the onset of clinical type 1 diabetes in mice, lengthening their lifespan. The drug targets insulin-making beta cells directly and shields them from immune system attacks, raising the possibility of a new treatment for the autoimmune condition.
Leading investigators are creating a one-stop resource for human pancreatic data, standardizing and disseminating curated information on the human pancreas to foster collaborative and reproducible diabetes research. The PanKbase program aims to provide machine-actionable data following FAIR principles.
Research reveals a significant connection between oral bacteria and accelerated pancreatic cancer development in mice. Viable Porphyromonas gingivalis was found in the pancreas of healthy mice after gum application, causing changes in the organ's microbial balance.
A recent literature review discusses the underlying mechanisms of type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance and b-cell failure. The review also explores potential therapeutic strategies, such as replenishing and regenerating b-cells, pancreas transplants, and stem cell-derived b-cells.
Researchers discovered a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease also prevents Type 2 diabetes by blocking the formation of toxic IAPP clusters. A synthetic peptide was shown to bind and neutralize these clusters, keeping beta cells alive.
A multicenter study found that a small pancreas size predicts a faster progression to stage 3 Type 1 diabetes. The study also suggests that using pancreas volume measurement combined with validated metabolic risk measures can more accurately predict disease development than either method alone.
A new DNA methylation-based method enables accurate assessment of pancreas cell composition, identifying specific cell types and providing insights into beta-cell dysfunction. The study offers direct clinical implications for understanding diabetes development and guiding tailored treatment strategies.
Researchers identified a significant decrease in insulin-producing beta cells with increasing age, correlating with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias. The study suggests that islet cell loss may be a key driver of senile diabetes, informing potential preventative treatments.
Researchers discovered that fruit bats have a genetic system controlling blood sugar levels, allowing them to consume up to twice their body weight in sugary fruit daily. The study's findings may lead to the development of better insulin- or sugar-sensing therapies for people with diabetes.
A Learning Health System model is being developed to increase organ donation and reduce disparities in access to transplantation. The project, led by Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, will use data tools to track progress and improve equity in organ donation across the US.
Researchers found that vaccination of neonatal mice with group A Streptococcus promotes clonal expansion of innate-like B cells producing antibody against N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), reducing Type 1 diabetes risk. These GlcNAc-specific B-1 B cells aid in producing tolerance, facilitating efficient clearance of apoptotic beta cells...
Researchers at Tohoku University successfully regenerated pancreatic beta-cells in mice by stimulating autonomic vagal nerves connected to the pancreas. This innovative approach improved insulin function and increased beta-cell numbers, ameliorating diabetes symptoms.
The Whipple procedure has seen significant improvements in mortality rates thanks to high-volume centers like Johns Hopkins, led by Dr. John Cameron, who reduced in-hospital mortality to less than 5%. Closed-suction drainage developed by Dr. Cameron further enhanced the procedure's safety and effectiveness.
Researchers discover a unique gene, ZNF808, crucial for human pancreas development, contrasting with its absence in other animals. This finding could aid the search for a Type 1 diabetes cure by understanding how humans differ from other species.
Scientists from Tokyo Medical and Dental University created a synthetic polymer biomaterial that mimics the pancreatic adenocarcinoma microenvironment, enabling them to identify potential therapeutic targets. The study successfully recapitulates the complex interactions between cancer stem cells and their niche.
Researchers discovered that aging alters the pancreas's circadian rhythm by reorganizing its transcriptome. The study found that fibroblasts play a crucial role in regulating this reorganization, which affects the organ's resilience to aging-related pathologies.
Researchers have found a key role for NFIC in acinar cell maturation and limiting tumour formation in the pancreas. The molecule helps acinar cells work properly, reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Researchers have developed an algorithm that accounts for individual patient differences and validated a pump control algorithm that does not require meal announcement. This innovation simplifies the control problem, reduces delays, and increases the accuracy of insulin delivery, making diabetes management less burdensome for patients.
A recent analysis of three clinical trials found that the UVA-developed artificial pancreas improved blood sugar control by 13 percentage points and decreased hemoglobin A1c levels. The device spent an average of 2.8 more hours per day in target blood sugar range, benefiting both kids and adults with diabetes.
A study published in the journal Cancer found that long-term pancreatic cancer survivors have a robust immune response and enriched gut microbiome species, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. The research suggests that these bacterial species may promote immune response to pancreas cancer.
A new study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators found four distinct types of beta cells in the pancreas, with cluster 1 beta cells producing more insulin than others and appearing better able to metabolize sugar. The loss of these high-functioning beta cells may contribute to type 2 diabetes development.
A clinical study found that children ages 2 to 6 with type 1 diabetes using an artificial pancreas system spent more time in their target blood sugar range, reducing anxiety for families. The system improved nighttime blood glucose control and was used safely by participants.
A study of one family with monogenic diabetes reveals that insulin deficiency is the principal factor leading to a smaller pancreas. The Vanderbilt University Medical Center researchers discovered this through precise measurements of the pancreas taken from four family members.
A University of Minnesota-led study shows that verapamil can increase pancreatic insulin secretion by 30% in children with newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The treatment was well-tolerated and had a favorable safety profile, making it an appealing option for children and adults with the condition.
A new clinical trial has shown safety and tolerability of oral GABA and reduced serum glucagon levels in children with recent onset Type 1 diabetes. The study focused on the potential of GABA and GAD to preserve insulin-secreting beta cells and attenuate excessive glucagon release.
A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has identified 14 pancreatic islet miRNAs associated with human type 2 diabetes. The study used a large sample size of nearly 65 human pancreatic islets to uncover these miRNAs, revealing potential mechanisms for disease development and novel therapeutic targets.
A large study on chronic pancreatitis patients who underwent surgery found that about two-thirds survive for 10 years, but over a quarter struggle with persistent opioid use. Long-term follow-up revealed significant psychosocial issues, including substance abuse, narcotics abuse, and end-stage liver disease.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge developed an artificial pancreas that can help maintain healthy glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. The device doubled the time spent in the target range for glucose and halved the time spent with high glucose levels, reducing average glucose levels and glycated haemoglobin levels.
A wafer-thin device called NICHE has been developed to treat Type 1 diabetes by delivering islet cells and immunotherapy directly into the body. The device restored healthy glucose levels and eliminated symptoms for over 150 days, avoiding severe adverse effects of anti-rejection therapy.
A new study by Cedars-Sinai investigators has identified risk factors for developing diabetes in people with chronic pancreatitis, including smoking and being overweight. The findings suggest that models can be built to predict diabetes risk, allowing clinicians to connect patients with weight loss or smoking cessation programs.
A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism reveals that pancreas transplantation can provide up to 90% of recipients with diabetes freedom from insulin therapy and glucose monitoring. Despite high success rates, transplant numbers have declined due to lack of consensus criteria, education, and resource ...
Researchers at Osaka University identified T-cadherin as a factor that feeds back a lack of insulin to pancreatic β cells, inducing their proliferation. This finding suggests a potential new treatment for diabetes by targeting T-cadherin.
Scientists at the University of Florida have identified two small molecules that inhibit precancerous cell progression and reverse a key process involved in pancreatic cancer progression. This discovery could lead to earlier treatments and improved survival rates for patients with pancreatic cancer.
A new clinical trial found that the bionic pancreas device was more effective at maintaining blood glucose levels within normal range than standard-of-care management among people with type 1 diabetes. The device requires minimal user input and provides more automation, resulting in improved glycemic control.
A new genetic test called PancreaSeq accurately classifies pancreatic cysts as potentially cancerous or benign, improving the accuracy of diagnoses compared to current guidelines. The test distinguishes between different types of cysts with higher accuracy than traditional forms of surveillance and current pancreatic cyst guidelines.
Researchers found that the quality and mix of collagen in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors affects prognosis. Patients with tumors containing cleaved Collagen I experienced poor survival prospects, while those with non-cleaved Collagen I had better outcomes.
A bionic pancreas, which automatically delivers insulin based on blood glucose levels, was more effective than standard care at maintaining normal blood sugar levels. The study, funded by NIDDK and conducted at Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, found the device to require less user input and provide more automation.
A UK trial found that 70% of people with normal weight and type 2 diabetes entered remission by losing around 10% of their body weight, supporting the concept of a personal fat threshold. The study showed that even though participants had normal BMI, they had higher levels of fat in their liver and pancreas than healthy controls.
A study by the University of Geneva team shows that disrupted circadian clocks lead to a rigidity in the membrane of pancreatic endocrine cells, affecting their function. The researchers also found that lipid profiles oscillate more during the day than previously thought, particularly in phospholipids and sphingolipids.
A new Dutch study found that lockdowns caused significant mental health impacts on people with pancreas or islet transplants for type 1 diabetes. Glycaemic control worsened during the lockdown period due to reduced physical activity and increased insulin use, while anxiety and stress levels rose significantly among transplant patients.
A new AI tool has been developed to detect pancreatic cancer on CT scans with high accuracy, achieving 90% sensitivity and 96% specificity. The tool's performance is comparable to that of radiologists, offering a promising supplement for early detection and improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia used advanced mapping techniques to identify causal genes and target pairings in the pancreas linked to type 2 diabetes. The study revealed alpha and acinar cells play a greater role in disease development than previously thought.
Researchers at UVA have discovered the mechanism behind gene regulation during organ development, shedding light on how genetic material interacts with transcription factors to create different cell types. The study's findings could offer insights into the initiation of certain cancers and inspire new therapeutic development.
Mutations in EnhP disrupt a non-protein coding gene, causing pancreatic malformations and diabetes. The study sheds light on the hierarchical operation of enhancers in gene regulation.
Researchers at UMass Amherst investigate how embryonic exposure to PFAS chemicals affects pancreatic development and glucose regulation. Preliminary data suggest a link between PFAS exposure and elevated fructosamine levels, indicating potential long-term diabetes risk.
Researchers used radiomics-based machine learning models to detect pancreatic cancer on prediagnostic CT scans, identifying it up to 386 days before clinical diagnosis. The AI model showed high accuracy and specificity, with a range of 94-98%, and was unaffected by image variations.
A new study reveals that IL18 signaling is essential for β-cell development and insulin secretion, using specific receptors on acinar and β cells. This finding may provide insights into the role of IL18 in regulating islet β cell proliferation and guide future efforts to expand β cells and increase islet mass in diabetes.
Researchers have discovered an alternative route that pluripotent and endoderm extra-embryonic stem cells can use to form intestinal organs in the lab. This finding could lead to improved cell development and potentially treat diseases, but further function testing is needed.
A study found that high fat diets and synthetic substances in unregulated athletic performance enhancers can activate a receptor accelerating the progression of pre-cancerous lesions to pancreatic cancer in mice. Limiting exposure to these substances may help prevent pancreatic cancer development.
Researchers at University of Missouri, Georgia Tech and Harvard University have successfully demonstrated a new Type 1 diabetes treatment in large animal models. By transplanting pancreatic islet cells with a molecule called FasL, they prevent rogue immune cells from destroying the transplanted cells.
Researchers identified estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERR γ) as crucial for preventing pancreatic auto-digestion in mice. In humans, lower levels of ERR γ were found in cells affected by pancreatitis. These findings suggest new therapies regulating ERR γ activity could help prevent or treat these conditions.
A team from UNIGE demonstrates that stem cells giving rise to beta cells cease to exist after birth, and defines the 'identity card' of other hormone-producing cells. This discovery has significant implications for developing cell-based therapies to treat diabetes.
CHOP researchers have developed a targeted treatment that controls blood sugar in patients with hyperinsulinism, a genetic disease. The study found exendin-(9-39) reduces likelihood of fasting hypoglycemia by 76% and protein-induced hypoglycemia by 82%
Researchers found that alterations in gut microbiota can help treat pancreatic and hormonal dysfunction in diabetes patients. The study showed that antibiotics treatment can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce glucose intolerance in obese mice and humans.
The Lustgarten Foundation has awarded Career Development Grants to Pingping Hou and Edwin Manuel to fund research on pancreas cancer. Their projects focus on immune cell populations and nutrient uptake by cancer cells, aiming to develop novel therapies.
Researchers identified peripheral tissues as source of blood amyloid beta, which regulates blood glucose levels and suppresses insulin secretion. The study suggests a possible mechanism linking type 2 diabetes to Alzheimer's disease development.