Articles tagged with Mass Spectrometry
A new study led by University of Maryland researchers found that melted meteorites have extremely low water content, ruling them out as the primary source of Earth's water. The team suggests that unmelted, or chondritic, meteorites may be responsible for delivering water to our planet.
A new generation of software, MZmine 3, enables scientists to analyze large volumes of data from mass spectrometry, tracing hundreds of thousands of chemical compounds. This breakthrough accelerates data processing and opens up opportunities for researchers to investigate disease causes and mechanisms.
Studies elucidate key aspects of traditional Chinese compounds and modern cancer therapeutics, highlighting the efficacy of R. serra in treating colitis and identifying active components of Gan Cao in treating pneumonia. A new radiolabeled antibody-based probe for detecting PD-L1 expression in cancers also provides a novel approach to ...
A University of Massachusetts Amherst epidemiologist is leading a team to better understand the effects of chronic stress on future health risks. They will examine metabolites in blood samples from a large, racially diverse population to identify potential biomarkers for heart disease, diabetes and cognitive decline.
Researchers at Osaka University found that male patients with COVID-19 have a faster loss of circulating Treg cells, leading to dysregulated antibody responses. Females, on the other hand, have higher levels of these cells, which may help protect them from infection.
Researchers developed a new method to quantify the structure and quality of messenger RNA (mRNA) medicines using liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and software analysis. The platform can analyze all three key components of mRNA medicines simultaneously, providing unparalleled efficiency in checking for quality.
A team of Brown researchers has developed a new, highly accurate method for detecting antidepressants in patients using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The technique requires minimal biological samples and can be fully automated using liquid-handling robots.
Researchers have identified a blood protein snapshot that documents changes in patients with severe liver disease caused by heavy drinking, potentially leading to a simple blood test for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
Researchers detected high levels of hydrogen peroxide in pancreatic cancer cells, which makes it a critical target for cancer treatment and research. The study also showed that cancer-promoting mutations lead to suppressed genetic expression of enzymes breaking down hydrogen peroxide.
A team of scientists from Tokyo Institute of Technology developed PETEOS to capture 'snapshots' of translation in the cell. The non-labeling methodology enriches and rapidly captures pep-tRNAs, enabling analyses that current methods cannot, with potential applications to any organism.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology discovered a novel amyloid protein, α-S1 casein, which can cause disease in humans. The study found that overexpression and N-terminal truncation of α-S1-casein led to its formation as an amyloid protein.
Researchers at Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology will use a unique combination of MRI and mass spectrometry imaging techniques to study Alzheimer's disease on an unprecedented scale. By capturing detailed chemical information, they aim to understand the molecular-level changes that occur in aging brains and develop ...
Researchers analyzed ancient teeth from Homo erectus and great apes to reveal annual cycles in tooth enamel, providing insights into their diets and seasonal food supplies. The study shows that humans and great apes had distinct dietary patterns, with humans exhibiting less pronounced peaks and lower Sr/Ca values.
A University of Maryland-led team developed a miniaturized analyzer to detect signs of life on other planets. The instrument combines a pulsed ultraviolet laser with Orbitrap analysis to identify chemical structures in planetary samples.
A team of researchers from Chung-Ang University evaluated three different MALDI-TOF MS approaches used in domestic clinical settings for the identification of molds. They compared the performance and diagnostic accuracy of the Bruker Biotyper, ASTA MicroIDSys, and Vitek MS instruments.
Researchers found that cells exchanging amino acids and glycerol with each other lived up to 25% longer. The study suggests this collaborative exchange extends the lifespan of cells within a community as a whole.
A new machine learning model developed by Aalto University researchers can identify small molecules with unprecedented accuracy, distinguishing between mirror image molecules. This breakthrough has significant implications for understanding metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, and identifying micropollutants in the environment.
Researchers used mass spectrometry to analyze complex biological samples, including Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and Astragali Radix. The studies identified metabolites and compounds with immunoregulatory effects, highlighting the potential for new drugs and improving plant quality.
A new law restricts 1,4-dioxane levels in household cleaners and cosmetics, a potential human carcinogen common in everyday products. Experts recommend robust analytical methods for detection and quantification to meet regulatory requirements.
Researchers used native top-down mass spectroscopy to study the interplay between glycans and oligomerization in various therapeutic hormones and cytokines. They found that glycans significantly stabilize some proteins, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, while others, like interferon-β, are independent of glycosylation status.
MU researchers, including Jay J. Thelen and Dong Xu, are exploring genetic modification to increase seed oil production in camelina and pennycress for biofuel use in the aviation industry. The team aims to create a sustainable 'green energy' source as an alternative to petroleum-based fossil fuels.
Scientists from the University of Johannesburg identified ten times more volatile signal compounds from the bacteria, boosting plant growth and protection. Rhizobacteria can protect crops from abiotic and biotic stresses by producing valuable VOCs that trigger Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) in plants.
A blood test taken at the time of Covid-19 infection could predict who is most likely to develop long Covid. Researchers identified a 'signature' in protein levels that predicted persistent symptoms after one year.
Researchers at the University of Birmingham developed a new technique using mass spectrometry to analyze drug-protein interactions in real tissue samples. This allows scientists to predict the therapeutic effect of drugs earlier, enabling more effective treatment options.
A new study identifies pox virus proteins that directly interfere with the body's innate immune system, allowing it to evade the host's defense mechanisms. The research team has discovered five 'redox' proteins that interact with Reactive Oxygen Species, which play a key role in destroying pathogens identified by the immune system.
A new approach in metabolomics reveals how much of our body chemistry is traceable to what we consume. By matching molecular signatures with reference databases, scientists can create a diet profile of individuals and understand relationships between diet and health outcomes.
Researchers have developed a new mass spectrometry-based method to study the functionality of microbiota, enabling a broader understanding of gut microbiota dynamics. The new method produces reliable results without fluctuation and is freely accessible for the research community.
Researchers have identified a series of complex organic molecules at comet Chury, including fragrant molecules like naphthalene and benzoic acid. The findings suggest that comets may have played a role in the emergence of carbon-based life on Earth.
Researchers at Hokkaido University identified over 1,300 types of ceramides in the top layer of human skin, including their chain lengths and fatty acid compositions. The discovery could improve understanding of skin barrier function and disease pathology.
A new study applies 'Deep Visual Proteomics' to cancer cells, revealing mechanisms driving tumor development and exposing therapeutic targets. The method integrates advances from four technologies to analyze protein landscapes, providing insights into cancer vulnerabilities.
Research team from Goethe University reproduces Asian monsoon conditions in experimental chamber, identifying increased aerosol particle formation. The study found that ice clouds can form under lower water vapour supersaturation than anticipated, affecting climate models' accuracy.
Researchers found that Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins rub against corals to agitate tiny polyps, releasing mucus with antibacterial and antioxidative properties. This discovery suggests the mucus regulates the dolphin's skin microbiome and treats infections.
Researchers at the University of Cologne investigated UPF3A and UPF3B proteins involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a quality control mechanism preventing defective mRNA from being processed into harmful proteins. The study shows that both proteins have partially overlapping functions, enabling fault-tolerant activation of NMD.
Scientists at Scripps Research developed Pytheas, an open-source app that automates the analysis of modified RNA molecules using mass spectrometry. The tool speeds up the process of characterizing and quantifying RNAs in basic research and drug-development settings.
Researchers at Chinese Academy of Sciences use rare-RI ring to measure palladium-123 mass, providing reliable data for calculations. The new results improve understanding of fine structure of element abundance patterns created in the r-process, consistent with observed solar r-process abundance.
Researchers used terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to compare fossil and synthetic ambers. The technique detected differences in the materials' compositions, indicating potential detection methods for synthetic forgeries.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered that non-dividing colon cancer cells employ Warburg glycolysis to reduce toxic reactive oxygen species accumulation. This adaptation challenges the long-held dogma of the Warburg effect, highlighting the need for single-cell level analysis tools.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have found a way to stabilize the cancer-suppressing protein p53 by adding a spider silk protein, creating a more potent variant. This discovery has potential as an approach for cancer therapy.
A new system called PRMC-MS enables the comprehensive analysis of phosphoinositide acyl variants in various types of biological samples. This method allows for the simultaneous measurement of all eight classes of phosphoinositides and detection of tiny changes in intracellular levels.
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism that causes relapse in multiple myeloma by upregulating the protein CDK6, which controls cell division. Using proteomics and mass spectrometry technology, they found that adding a CDK6 inhibitor to treatment can reverse drug resistance and improve survival odds.
A recent study found that nutrient levels in broccoli and kale microgreens differ significantly depending on the growing environment. Researchers measured polyphenols and glucosinolates in microgreens grown under different conditions, revealing varying levels of antioxidant- and anticancer-related compounds.
A team of researchers has developed a new approach to discover the thousands of human-made 'forever' chemicals, PFAS, using advanced mass spectrometry. The technique enables them to characterize and catalog the chemical compounds in the PFAS family.
A recent review highlights the potential of structural proteomics in understanding pathological processes and predicting drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases. The field combines protein chemistry and mass spectrometry to determine protein structure and interactions, which can lead to breakthroughs in treating serious health c...
Researchers use matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) to track injected collagen in the heart. The technique allows for precise detection of therapeutic peptides and their distribution in the myocardial infarct.
Researchers used wastewater samples from 25 treatment plants across 10 countries to track the popularity of new synthetic drugs. Synthetic cathinones, including eutylone and 3-MMC, were found to have high per capita levels in wastewater, with increased international presence reported between 2020-2021 New Year periods.
Researchers from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics discovered triboionization in a discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface, enabling analytes to be detected without an extra ionization source. By adjusting the pinch valve frequency, signal intensity was improved by nearly 20 times.
A study by the Technical University of Munich discovered that pungent substances from chili, ginger, and pepper are transferred to breast milk after consumption. These substances can be detectable in breast milk for several hours, with maximum concentrations being 70- to 350-fold below the taste perception threshold of an adult.
A new approach has been developed to identify proteins affected by pollutants and chemicals, allowing for early detection of harmful biological effects. The method, called PISA, can be used to study the interactions between chemicals and proteins, revealing potential toxicity pathways.
Researchers trained an artificial intelligence algorithm to predict the next designer drugs before they are even on the market, allowing law enforcement agencies to identify and regulate new versions of dangerous psychoactive drugs. The model was tested against 196 new designer drugs and found nearly all were present in its generated set.
The £3.6 million equipment will enable researchers to measure trace levels of radioactive elements, particularly actinides, in samples from UK nuclear facilities and natural environments.
Researchers developed a new mass spectrometry technique to identify key protein features in cyanobacteria, enabling rapid detection of harmful species. This approach can be used to prevent blue-green algae blooms and detect toxic species, such as spirulina extracts.
A team of bioinformaticians at Friedrich Schiller University Jena developed a method to identify small active substance molecules using machine-learning methods. They successfully identified 11 new, previously unknown bile acids in mice using this approach.
Researchers developed a real-time measurement technique to detect algae health issues, detecting threats 37-76 hours earlier than traditional methods. This could save hundreds of millions of dollars in algae biomass losses and protect the world's most promising sustainable product source.
Researchers developed a new analytical technique to isolate and characterize individual organelles within cells, allowing for rapid chemical analysis. The study found heterogeneity among vesicle types, indicating the potential for earlier disease detection.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute found that early human groups in Europe endured cold climatic conditions for over 7,000 years. The team used archaeological materials to generate climatic data, revealing a higher degree of climate flexibility than previously believed.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 proteolysis and identifies key cellular substrates with therapeutic potential. The research provides a powerful resource for developing targeted strategies to inhibit the virus, which has caused over 227 million infections and 4.6 million deaths worldwide.
Scientists at TUM and LSB developed a new methodology to quantify the flavor profile of cocoa samples. The method provides quantitative data on 66 taste-decisive substances using a single mass spectrometric platform, allowing analysis of 200 samples per week.
A randomized clinical trial found that yogurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 protected against harmful changes in the gut microbiome after antibiotic administration. The study also showed that levels of beneficial short-chain fatty acid acetate returned to baseline within 30 days.
Researchers analyzed 8 popular plant-based burgers and found that some closely mimic the odor of real beef when cooking. The Beyond Burger from Beyond Meat came closest to replicating the hamburger aroma, but still differed significantly.
Recent studies demonstrate the applications of LC-MS in characterizing Traditional Chinese Medicine formulations, real-time drug measurement, and bioactive compounds from Osmanthus fragrans. These techniques offer high sensitivity, robustness, and ease of use for quality assessment and characterization.